( At any one time in history, there are millions of d'ifferent kinds of plants and animals in the world. In 1753, a scientist in Sweden named Caro1us Linnaeus thought of an orderly system for classifying plants and anima1s. He grouped all organisms according to a two- part name (binomial). 'I'he first part of the name is the "generic" grouping or genus. The second part is the "specific" grouping or species. Scientists today still use this basic idea of his system, but modern classifications systems is much more complicated having many levels of hierarchical organization. For examp1e, taxonomic systems group organisms according tcC1ítructure and physiologlca I connectlOrl§=::, between organisms. Phylogcnic systems classify based on ~netic connectiori$: Evolution theories have impacted modern classification. ?",.. In order to begin to classify plants, consider the structure by which the plant a sorbs wate. Plants are either ~lar or non-vascular. Vascular plants have tube- 1 e cures that transport water from the roots to th~ stern to the leaves. Non- vascular plants absorb water only throu h their surfaces. Another way to consider plant classification is according to e roductiüji)Some plants reproduce by producing seeds. Others produce spores . -'l 1'0 begin to classify animals, consider theC~~le. Animals that have a . . () backbone are called vertebrates. Animals that do not have a backbone are called ~~ G invertebrates. /. ---- - \f~~$ iYl.·v~h-r~ J-\ A11invertebrates lack backbones, but their other physical characteristics are / \ quite varied. They must be, considering that 95 percent of a11 animals are S~ i"'D"'-1"'invertebrates. Some, like worms, have soft bodies with no bones at a11. Some other ),..h"" invertebrates, like snails, have soft bodies, but carry a hard shell for protection. 'I'hese soft-bodied invertebrates that live in water or on land are grouped as mo11usks. Besides snails, some other rnollusks are clams, mussels, and squid. ~ '""' Some other invertebrates have tough coatings en the outside of their bodies (exoskeletoris), jointed 1egs, and a segmented body. This group is known as the ~(l"<~ arthropods. Insects, spiders (arachnids), centipedes/millipedes, and shrimp, lobster, ../" '" ,-- . ~ ••. ,,¡., ~and crabs (c;rustaceans) are all arthropods. There are more insects (over 900,000 species) than any other group of arthropods. There are more arthropods than any other group of invertebrates. And, considering that 95 percent of all animals are invertebrates, that makes arthropods truly the most abundant group. One particularly popular member of the insect world is the butterfly. 'I'his arthropod, with its tough outer shell, characteristic wings, and antennae, beIongs to the insect family. lo AlI vertebrates have a backbone. Their other physical character~ are quite varied. One way to consider groups of vertebrates is according to thei~ Animals that primarily eat plants are known as _herbiYDres. Animals that feed mostly on meat are known as carnivores. Some animals, called omnivores, eat both plants and meato . ., An animal's eating habits are influenced by its anatomy. Meat-eaters have jaws ~ and teeth designed for tearing and crushing. 'I'he canine teeth are enlarged and the ~ .~ "./ CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS & ANIMALS P • ..,ants ~~&J) ?l~ (w) ,/ '- \1Cú¿..¡,k.r '¡""-y... -' YM~ rl~(e) / .--. .sz.<,M sr": 6 . --