Classification of Matter.ppt

Matter is anything having mass and volume.The Study of matter and how it changesMass- the amount of matter in an objectMass is measured with a balance, unit is grams mass is related to weight but isnt the same thing. weight is dependent upon gravity. mass never changesVolume- anything that takes up space, unit L, cm3, mLis

Composition- what matter is made of. Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O), tea has caffeineProperties-what matter is like. For example, water can dissolve many substances and caffeine is a stimulant.

THE BASIC UNIT OF MATTER IS AN ATOMThere are over 118 varieties of atomsPERIODIC TABLEhttp://www.webelements.com/scandium/

ELEMENTS contain only one type of atom.Ex: hydrogen (H) is an element that contains only hydrogen atoms, carbon (C) contains only carbon atoms, oxygen (O) contains only oxygen atoms, etc.Atoms of elements can combine together to form compounds.COMPOUNDS are neutral groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds.Ex: CO2, H2O, H2, O2

HOW DO WE CLASSIFY MATTER?All matter is classified as either a pure substance or a mixturePure gold/Pure substance24 karatEnd of introductory material. Return to indexAlloy rims/ mixture of two metals18 karat

CLASSIFYING MATTERPure substance-a type of matter where all samples, no matter how big or small, have the same propertiesthey behave in exactly the same way.ElementsCompoundsElements contain one type of atom, thus they CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.Elements consist of either:single atoms, such as Carbon (C), or Sodium (Na)groups of atoms of the same type (molecules), such as H2, O2, Br2, etc.

ELEMENTSMONATOMIC ELEMENTSDIATOMIC ELEMENTSALLOTROPESAtomic nitrogen N Molecular nitrogen N2 Ozone O3Atomic hydrogen H Molecular hydrogen H2 Graphite, buckyball Atomic oxygen O Molecular oxygen O2Carbon C ALLOTROPE-different forms of an element in same physical state

COMPOUNDS Compounds are substances made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined. CO2, H2O, HCl, Na2SO4

COMPOUNDS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES BY CHEMICAL MEANS ONLY.

COMPOUNDS HAVE DIFFERENT PROPERTIES THAN THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE THEM UP.

Click on the links below to watch videos of compounds broken down into the substances that make them up.Example-dehydration of sugar: C12H11O22 12C(s) + 11 H2O(g)Sugar breaks down into carbon and waterExample-hydrolysis of water: 2H2O 2H2 + O2 water breaks down into the hydrogen and oxygen gas which make it up.http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects/38/819/5db524216341764c1438c1f760fddff8.html

http://earth2tech.com/2008/07/31/mit-solar-energy-storage-breakthrough/

ELEMENTS TO COMPOUNDCOMBINED WITHWill Form

Sodium metal and chlorine gas, under the right conditions, undergo a chemical change and combine to become.. 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2 NaClThe final compound has properties different from the elements that formed it.TABLE SALT!

We are studying CHEMISTRY, the study of ________and how it ________.Matter is anything that has___ and takes up ___.___ are the basic building blocks of matter.Matter can be classified as either a ___ or a ___.Substances are either ___ or ___. 1. matter, changes 2. mass, space 3. atoms 4. pure substance, mixture 5. elements, compoundsReturn to indexAnswers:

MATTERNOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURESTHUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS PURE SUBSTANCES.

MATTER AS MIXTURES Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more substances where each substance retains its individual properties.HOW ARE MIXTURES DIFFERENT FROM COMPOUNDS?HOW ARE MIXTURES LIKE COMPOUNDS?THEY ARE MADE FROM TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCESMIXTURES DO NOT FORM CHEMICAL BONDS.

There are two types of mixtures:Classifying mixtures2) HETEROGENEOUS1) HOMOGENEOUS

a mixture that is the same throughout. A homogeneous mixture has a composition and properties that are identical regardless of the sampleWays to identify a homogeneous mixture: A SOLUTION is another name for a homogeneous mixture is

a mixture that is visibly differentthroughout. Heterogenous mixtures have a composition and properties that differ in any given sample.isWays to identify a homogeneous mixture:

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURESThere are special types of heterogeneous mixtures:Suspensions-appear uniform when mixed but settle out.Chocolate QuikMuddy waterPulpy ojOil & Vinegar dressing

Colloids-appear uniform but they do not settle out. However, their particles are too large to be classified as a homogeneous solution.GelatinMilkSmokeFogmayonnaise

TYNDALL EFFECTColloids are evenly mixed, but their particles are too large to be considered homogeneous mixtures, which are also the same throughout. Colloids show the Tyndall Effect. The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light as a beam passes through a colloid.In each picture, the colloid on the left scatters the beam making it visible

MixturesSummary

Heterogeneous MixtureHomogeneous MixtureNot evenly mixedEvenly mixedIndividual components retain their own propertiesProperties of combined components are usually different than those of each componentIndividual components can be easily seenIndividual components can not be easily seenCan be easily separatedNot as easily separatedEx.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candyEx. salt-water solution, tea, Cool-Aid drink

Tossed saladSalt waterKool-aidMuddy waterOJ with pulpPractice Problems1. He 2. Ho 3. Ho 4. He 5. He 6. Ho 7. He 8. He 9. He 10. Ho6. Tea7. Banana nut bread8. Pizza9. Blood10. BrassDetermine whether each is a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture:Answers:Return to index

Pure SubstancesMade of either elements or compounds that are chemically bonded.Cannot be separated by physical means.When combined they take on new properties different from the original elements.Examples:Glucose: C6H12O6 Table Salt: NaClOxygen Gas: O2Carbon Dioxide CO2Mixtures:Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.Tea = Crushed Leaf + H2ORocks = minerals + sediments + organic matterSugar Water = Sugar + H2OEach component retains its own identity; it does not change into something else.Can be separated by physical meansExamples:Sweet teaTrail mixAir (O2, N2, CO2, Ar)Now, lets put it all together and determine how to tell substances (compounds and elements) from mixtures.

Elements, Compounds, and MixturesDorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 68Two of the descriptions to the right apply to each bottle below. Determine the appropriate descriptions.Two types of atoms evenly mixedTwo types of atoms chemically combinedOne type of atomTwo types of atoms mixedAn element A solutionA compound A mixture2_______1_______3_______4_______d & hb & gc & ea & fReturn to Index

Classifying MatterMatterPure SubstancesMixturesElementsCompoundsHomogeneousHeterogeneousHe, OH2O, NaClTea, kool-aidRocky Road ice cream, muddy waterReview: How matter is classified

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