Classification of matter. What does it mean to classify? …to sort or organize into groups based on similar characteristics or properties…

Classification of Classification of mattermatter

What does it mean to What does it mean to classify?classify?

……to sort or organize into to sort or organize into groups based on similar groups based on similar

characteristics or characteristics or properties…properties…

Examples of how we classify Examples of how we classify every day thingsevery day things

StarsStars

Books (Dewey Decimal System)Books (Dewey Decimal System)

Swahili nounsSwahili nouns

Musical instrumentsMusical instruments

Living thingsLiving things

What is MATTER?What is MATTER?

Anything that…Anything that…

has has MASSMASS

takes up takes up SPACESPACE

Properties of MatterProperties of MatterExamples of Examples of physical physical properties:properties: colorcolor shapeshape texturetexture hardnesshardness densitydensity solubilitysolubility ductilityductility malleabilitymalleability

Examples of Examples of chemical chemical properties:properties: combustibilitycombustibility flammabilityflammability reactivity to acidreactivity to acid tendency to rusttendency to rust

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

PLASMAPLASMA

GASGAS

SOLIDSOLID

LIQUIDLIQUID

How is matter classified here?

HETEROGENEOUSHETEROGENEOUSHOMOGENEOUSHOMOGENEOUS

Another way to classify matter

Homogeneous MatterHomogeneous Matterhomo = samehomo = same

geneous = kind, typegeneous = kind, type

identical properties throughoutidentical properties throughout

Homogeneous Homogeneous MatterMatter

Name 3 kinds of matter that Name 3 kinds of matter that have the same properties have the same properties

throughout.throughout.

Heterogeneous MatterHeterogeneous Matterhetero = differenthetero = different

geneous = kind, typegeneous = kind, type

parts have different propertiesparts have different properties

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous MatterMatter

Name 3 kinds of matter that Name 3 kinds of matter that have different properties have different properties

throughout.throughout.

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES

ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

yet another way to classify matter

PURE SUBSTANCEPURE SUBSTANCEmade up of only one materialmade up of only one material

definite propertiesdefinite properties

uniform properties throughoutuniform properties throughout

Subcategories:Subcategories: elementselements compoundscompounds

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES

ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

ELEMENTS ELEMENTS simplest pure substancesimplest pure substance

cannot be changed into anything cannot be changed into anything simplersimpler

ATOM =ATOM = smallest particle of an elementsmallest particle of an element represented by chemical symbol represented by chemical symbol

(shorthand) (shorthand) 

All elements are made up of atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike; atoms of

different elements are different.

Who said this?Who said this?

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES

ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDStwo or more elements two or more elements chemically combinedchemically combined

pure substances made pure substances made up of more than one up of more than one elementelement

combined in a definite combined in a definite ratioratio(has a formula)(has a formula)

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

can be broken down into simpler can be broken down into simpler substances (elements) ONLY by substances (elements) ONLY by chemical meanschemical means

properties of compound are very properties of compound are very different from properties of partsdifferent from properties of parts

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDSName 3 examples of Name 3 examples of

compounds.compounds.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

NaCl (salt)NaCl (salt)

Sodium (Na)Sodium (Na) silvery metalsilvery metal reacts explosively w/ waterreacts explosively w/ water

Chlorine (ClChlorine (Cl22)) poisonouspoisonous greenish gasgreenish gas

click above to see Na + Cl2 react

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES

ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

MIXTURESMIXTURES2 or more substances physically 2 or more substances physically mixed, but not chemically combinedmixed, but not chemically combined

can be separated by physical meanscan be separated by physical means

any combination of the phasesany combination of the phases

any ratio of partsany ratio of parts

parts have separate identityparts have separate identity

MIXTURESMIXTURESName 3 examples of Name 3 examples of

mixtures.mixtures.

Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesSolutionSolution one substance is dissolved in anotherone substance is dissolved in another homogeneoushomogeneous

dissolving substance = SOLVENTdissolving substance = SOLVENT dissolved material = SOLUTEdissolved material = SOLUTE

Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesAlloysAlloys mixture of 2 metalsmixture of 2 metals usually homogeneoususually homogeneous

Examples:Examples: steel = iron + carbonsteel = iron + carbon brass = zinc + copperbrass = zinc + copper bronze = copper + tinbronze = copper + tin

Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesSuspensionSuspension a mixture which will separate when a mixture which will separate when

undisturbed (particles will settle out)undisturbed (particles will settle out) heterogeneousheterogeneous e.g. dust particles in air; sand in watere.g. dust particles in air; sand in water

ColloidColloid a mixture between a solution and a suspension a mixture between a solution and a suspension

(particles don’t settle out)(particles don’t settle out) heterogeneousheterogeneous e.g. fog and milke.g. fog and milk

Types of MixturesTypes of MixturesOther types:Other types: EmulsionEmulsion (e.g. mayo) (e.g. mayo) GelGel (e.g. jelly) (e.g. jelly)

Can you think of others?Can you think of others?

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCESMIXTURESMIXTURES

ELEMENTSELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?