Classification. Classification GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

Classification

ClassificationClassification

GROUPINGGROUPING things things according to their according to their CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS..

CAROLUS LINNAEUSCAROLUS LINNAEUS

Developed a Developed a SYSTEMSYSTEM for for grouping grouping ORGANISMSORGANISMS..

Creating Scientific NamesCreating Scientific Names

Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s developed a Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s developed a system for organisms.system for organisms.

Catalog all known Catalog all known speciesspecies Created Created two-wordedtwo-worded Latin names for Latin names for

each species (Binomial Nomenclature) each species (Binomial Nomenclature)

GroupsGroups

Domain(largest)Domain(largest) Kingdom Kingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus Species (smallest)Species (smallest)

Great way to remember: Dozy Kids Play Chase On Freeway Get Squished

3 Broad Groups3 Broad Groups EukaryoteEukaryote

Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animalsMultiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals ProkaryoteProkaryote

Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane-Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane-bound structures i.e. bacteriabound structures i.e. bacteria

ArchaeaArchaea Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference

in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot potshot pots

KingdomKingdom

Encompasses large groups; such Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi. as plants, animals or fungi.

PhylumPhylum

Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”) they have a spinal “chord”)

ClassClass

A sub group within a phylum A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.containing common characteristics.

OrderOrder

A sub group within a class.A sub group within a class.

FamilyFamily

A sub group with an order.A sub group with an order.

GenusGenus

A sub group within a familyA sub group within a family Species with uniquely shared traitsSpecies with uniquely shared traits Species are thought to be closely Species are thought to be closely

related.related.

SpeciesSpecies

Unique group of organisms united by Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreedingheredity or interbreeding

Defined based on unique featuresDefined based on unique features

SPECIESSPECIES means " means "KINDKIND””

A A GROUPGROUP of closely of closely related related ((SIMILARSIMILAR) ) organisms that organisms that INTERBREEDINTERBREED and have and have FERTILEFERTILE offspring offspring

CAROLUS LINNAEUSCAROLUS LINNAEUS

2. Gave an organism a 2. Gave an organism a TWO-WORD TWO-WORD LATINLATIN name. (binomial nomenclature) name. (binomial nomenclature)

ExampleExample COMMON name COMMON name cougar, cougar,

puma, mountain lion puma, mountain lion SCIENTIFIC name SCIENTIFIC name Felis Felis

concolorconcolor GENUS, SPECIESGENUS, SPECIES

Last name, first nameLast name, first name

What’s in a name?What’s in a name?

Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature (bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr)(bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr)

Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature

Genus + Species = Scientific NameGenus + Species = Scientific Name

Example = HumansExample = Humans

Homo + Sapien = Homo sapienHomo + Sapien = Homo sapien

Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names

Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus

Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names

Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries..

Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names

Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa

Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names

Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa Horse: Horse: Equus cabbalusEquus cabbalus

Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names

Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa Horse: Horse: Equus cabbalusEquus cabbalus Chickens: Chickens: Galus galus Galus galus

domesticus domesticus

Species

a group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring

Example

Breed

animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES

Example

Type

animals of the same SPECIES that are grouped together based on the PRODUCTS they produce

Example

Scientific Names of Domesticated Livestock Animals

Genus species

European Cattle

Bos taurus

Indian Cattle

Bos indicus

Sheep

Ovis aries

Goats

Capra hircus

Swine

Sus scrofa domesticus

Horse

Equus caballus

Donkey

Equus asinus

Rabbit

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Llama

Llama glama

Alpaca

Llama pacos

Dog

Canis familiaris

Cat

Felis catus

Chicken

Gallus domesticus

Turkey

Meleagris gallopavo

Duck

Anas platyrhyncha

Goose

Anser anser

Terms of Domesticated Animals

Cattle

Species Bovine

Cattle

Group Herd

Cattle

Adult MaleBull

Cattle

Adult Female Cow

Cattle

Young Male Bull Calf

Cattle

Young Female Heifer Calf

Cattle

Newborn Calf

Cattle

Castrated Male Bullock or Steer

Cattle

Offspring w/Dam Calf at Foot or Suckling

Cattle

Birthing Calving

Cattle

Mating Serving

Sheep

Species Ovine

Sheep

GroupFlock

Sheep

Adult MaleRam, Buck, or Tup

Sheep

Adult Female Ewe

Sheep

Young Male Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb

Sheep

Young Female Ewe Lamb

Sheep

NewbornLamb

Sheep

Castrated Male Wether

Sheep

Offspring w/Dam Suckling

Sheep

BirthingLambing

Sheep

MatingTupping

Goats

Species Caprine

Goats

GroupFlock or Band

Goats

Adult MaleBuck or Billy

Goats

Adult Female Doe or Nanny

Goats

Young Male Buckling

Goats

Young Female Goatling

Goats

NewbornKid

Goats

Castrated Male Wether

Goats

Offspring w/Dam Suckling

Goats

BirthingKidding

Goats

MatingServing

Swine

Species Porcine

Swine

GroupDrove

Swine

Adult MaleBoar

Swine

Adult Female Sow

Swine

Young Male Boar Pig or Boarling

Swine

Young Female Gilt

Swine

NewbornPig, Piglet, Pigling

Swine

Castrated Male Barrow, Stag, Hog

Swine

Offspring w/Dam Suckling

Swine

BirthingFarrowing

Swine

MatingCoupling

Poultry

Species Gallus

Poultry

GroupFlock

Poultry

Adult MaleRooster, Cock

Poultry

Adult Female Hen

Poultry

Young Male Cockerel

Poultry

Young Female Pullet

Poultry

NewbornChick

Poultry

Castrated Male Capon

Poultry

Offspring w/Dam Clutch, Brood

Poultry

BirthingHatching

Poultry

Mating?????

Horse

Species Equine

Horse

GroupHerd, Band, etc.

Horse

Adult MaleStallion or Stud

Horse

Adult Female Mare

Horse

Young Male Colt

Horse

Young Female Filly

Horse

NewbornFoal

Horse

Castrated Male Gelding

Horse

Offspring w/Dam Suckling or Foal at Side

Horse

BirthingFoaling

Horse

MatingServing

Types of Livestock

Cattle

Beef Type Dairy Type Dual Purpose Multi-Purpose

Sheep

Wool type Fine Medium Long Colored

Meat or Mutton type Dual Purpose Dairy Type

Swine

Lard Type Bacon Type Meat Type

Horses

Draft Type Racing Ranch Work/Stock Horse Trotting Pacers

Poultry

Eggs (Layers) Meat (Broilers) Ornamental Cock Fighting