CLASSIFICATION AIM: How are living things classified?
Jan 19, 2016
CLASSIFICATION
AIM: How are living things classified?
CLASSIFICATION is. . .
The process of grouping things based on their similarities
TAXONOMY is…
THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
• NAMING SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY C. LINNAEUS
• THE FIRST PART OF ITS NAME IS ITS GENUSGENUS AND THE SECOND PART IS ITS species species (always in LATIN)(always in LATIN)
GENUSGENUS speciesspeciesIS THE FIRST PART OF A SCIENTIFIC
NAME(first letter is Capitalized)
IS THE SECOND PART OF A SCIENTIFIC
NAME(not
capitalized)
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
•What organism has the scientific name
Canis familiaris?•Hint: Remember that Canis lupus is a wolf.
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
If you guessed a dog, you are right!
Acer rubrum is the scientific name for a Red Maple.
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Can you guess what kind of organism has the scientific name Acer saccharinum?
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
And the answer is. . .
A sugar maple!
How do scientists organize ALL of the living things
on Earth?
THE SIX KINGDOMS
ARCHAEBACTERIAEUBACTERIAPROTISTSFUNGIPLANTSANIMALS
What’s the difference?
KINGDOM is the largest and most general group.
So then species is…?
SPECIES is the smallest and most specific group.
CLASSIFICATION
All living things are classified into seven major groups:
Kingdom Phylum
Class Order Family
`
Genus Species
How am I going to remember that?
A pneumonic device to remember the levels of classification:
“Kings Play Cards On Fat
Green Stools.”
KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA
KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Unicellular (made up of ONE cell)• Prokaryotes(DO NOT have a nucleus)
WHAT IS A PROKARYOTE?
AN ORGANISM
THAT DOES
NOT HAVE A
NUCLEUS
KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA
• “TRUE BACTERIA”
• UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES
• SOME AUTOTROPHS AND SOME HETEROTROPHS
KINGDOM: PROTISTA
• UNICELLULAR• EUKARYOTES• Live in MOIST
surroundings(ranging from
muddy puddles to ocean waters)
KINGDOM: PROTISTA
• SOME ARE AUTO- AND SOME ARE HETERO- TROPHIC
• SOME FORM CHAINS OR COLONIES• THE “JUNK DRAWER” kingdom
WHAT IS A EUKARYOTE?
A Eukaryote is an organism with a NUCLEUS.
A QUICK QUIZ . . .NAME THE THREE KINGDOMS
THAT CONTAIN ONLY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
1. ARCHAEBACTERIA
2. EUBACTERIA
3. PROTIST
QUIZ cont. . . .WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA?ARCHAEBACTERIA -- live WITHOUT
Oxygen
EUBACTERIA -- needs Oxygen to survive
.
QUIZ cont. . . .WHAT MAKES PROTISTS DIFFERENT FROM BACTERIA?
PROTISTS HAVE A NUCLEUS and BACTERIA DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS.
QUIZ cont. . . .
WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A CELL THAT DOES NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS?
Answer:
PROKARYOTE
A quick question . . .
WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A CELL THAT HAS A NUCLEUS?
NOW, ON TO THE LAST THREE KINGDOMS
1. FUNGI2. PLANT3. ANIMAL
KINGDOM: FUNGI
• EUKARYOTIC• MULTICELLULA
R• HETEROTROPHI
C (absorb their
food)
KINGDOM: FUNGI
KINGDOM: PLANT
• MULTICELLULAR
• EUKARYOTIC
• AUTOTROPHIC
KINGDOM: PLANT
KINGDOM: PLANT
KINGDOM: PLANT
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
•Multicellular
•Heterotrophic
•Eukaryotes
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
KINGDOM: ANIMALINVERTEBRATES
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
KINGDOM: ANIMAL
Now let’s do a little bit of review!
Question
WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF KINGDOMS INTO WHICH ALL ORGANISMS ARE GROUPED?
A) 2B) 3C) 6D) 8
Answer
Six Kingdoms?
1 -- Archaebacteria2 -- Eubacteria3 -- Protista4 -- Fungi5 -- Plant6 -- Animal
Question on the test!
NAME THE TWO KINGDOMS THAT CONTAIN ONLY HETEROTROPHS.
AnswerONLY HETEROTROPHS ARE
FOUND IN THE KINGDOMS:
FUNGIANIMAL
Review Question
WHICH KINGDOMS CONTAIN
ONLY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS?
Answers1.ARCHAEBACTERIA
2. EUBACTERIA
3. PROTISTA