Chapter 13 Energy from Nuclear Power Class presentations by Tameka, Sad, Clay, Justin, Richard F. , Chloe, Kayla H. , Courtney, Steven, Curtis, Richard L. , Javan, Renee and Kimaya
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Class presentations by Tameka, Sad, Clay, Justin, Richard F., Chloe, Kayla H., Courtney, Steven, Curtis, Richard L., Javan, Renee and Kimaya.
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Slide 1
Class presentations by Tameka, Sad, Clay, Justin, Richard F.,
Chloe, Kayla H., Courtney, Steven, Curtis, Richard L., Javan, Renee
and Kimaya
Slide 2
Presentation Rubric uses a 5 point grading scale KNOWLEDGE:
PARTICIPATION: LENGTH: CONTENT: DESIGN: HANDS-ON ACTIVITY:
Slide 3
Nuclear Energy in Perspective We are running out of fossil
fuels After WWII, new use for the Atom Bomb Using nuclear energy to
make electricity In 1975, 53 plants were operating in U.S. 2003,
104 plants were still working No new plants are planned
Slide 4
Nuclear Energy World Wide Many nuclear plants are being build
world- wide Nuclear power generates about 17% of the worlds energy
France and Japan leads the world Followed closely by China and
India
Slide 5
After Chernobyl Many have rethought nuclear power Can we solve
the problems? What are the pros? What are the cons?
Slide 6
Justin and Clay 5th
Slide 7
What is Nuclear Power? Power is generated by heating
pressurized water Water is heated through Nuclear Fission When one
atom splits in two Steam is used to power the generator The
Generator supplies energy
Slide 8
How it impacts Society? July 08, 430 operating nuclear power
plants 31 Countries 15%- Worlds Electricity 77%- Frances
Electricity 65%-Lithuania Electricity 20%- United States
Electricity
Slide 9
Yay!!! Minimal CO2 emissions Self dependant cost Releases less
radioactivity in air then coal-burning
Slide 10
Neh!!!!! Mining uranium Transportation and disposal issues High
building cost Not safe to house and hold
Slide 11
By: Chloe Robertson and Richard Farmer
Slide 12
Nuclear They plants release low levels of radioactive waste
gases. They produce about 250 tons of highly radioactive waste that
require safe storage. They can have accidents that lead to scores
of human deaths, untold numbers of cancer, and widespread long
lasting environmental contamination. They dont produce any
acid-forming pollutants or particulates. Emits no carbon dioxide.
In order to fuel plants less manual work is needed.
Slide 13
Coal Coal plants releases 100 times more radioactivity than
nuclear power plants. They produce about 600,000 tons of ash
requiring disposal. Not prone to major accidents, possibility of
fire. Emits over 300,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and other
pollutants that lead up to acid rain. Emits over 7 million tons of
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global climate
change. My manual labor is need so efficiently supply plants.
Slide 14
Nuclear Power Coal Less work, more energy. Lots of waste thats
non recyclable or disposable. More catastrophic disasters if any
accidents. Limited amount of power per year. Lot of human work just
to fuel. Not a lot of waste but lots of pollutants. Little harm
done if accident occurs. Large supply of coal.
Slide 15
Which prevails??? Amounts of used in tons:
Slide 16
By, Courtney Ciera Elzy And Kayla Jesse Howard
Slide 17
Radioactive Emissions When uranium or any other element
undergoes fission, the split halves are called atoms. These are
newly formed atoms called the direct product of the fission, and
they are unstable isotopes. Unstable isotopes are usually called
radioisotopes; they can become stable by being spontaneously
ejected with subatomic particles, high energy radiation, or BOTH!
Radioactivity is measured in curies, one gram of pure radium-226
gives off one curie per second(approximately 37 billion spontaneous
disintegrations into particles and radiation) Radioactive Emissions
are the particles and the radiation. Radioactive Wastes are
indirect products of fission along with the direct products.
Slide 18
Biological Effects Radioactive Emissions can penetrate
biological tissue; Sieverts are used to measure the damage that
radioactive emissions can do. The emissions do not leave any
physical damage, and you can feel them either. But they are capable
of dislodging electrons from atoms so that they strike. After this
ions are left behind, which are charged particles. The emissions
are called ionizing radiation. This process includes breaking
chemical bonds or changing the structure of molecules. In Lower
Doses the radiation causes actual damage to the DNA. Other effects
include weakening of the immune system, mental retardation, and
development of cataracts.
Slide 19
Sources of Radiation Uranium and Radon Gas are also a source of
radiation besides nuclear power. Background Radiation is the the
MAJOR source of radiation exposure. The average person in the U.S.
receives a dose of about 36 millisieverts per year. Even when you
are close to a nuclear power plant, the radiation levels are much
lower than normal background levels. Measurements have shown that
public exposure to radiation from normal operations of a power
plant is less than 1% of natural background radiation.
Slide 20
Radioactive Wastes Radioactive Decay is a process in which, as
unstable isotopes eject particles and radiation, the become stable,
and cease to be radioactive. When radioactive material is not in
contact with humans and other organisms the decay proceeds
harmlessly. The rate of radioactive decay is such that half of the
starting amount of a given isotope will decay in a certain period.
In the next equal period, half of the remainder decays and so on.
Half-Life is the time for half of the amount of a radioactive
isotope to decay. The half-lives of various isotopes range from a
fraction of a second to many thousands of years.
Slide 21
Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Short term containment allows
the radioactive decay of short lived isotopes. In 10 years fission
wastes lose more than 97% of their radioactivity. Long term
containment refers to the EPA in which the recommend a 10,000 year
minimum, and the National Research Council opted for 100,000 years
to provide protection from the long-lived isotopes. Sort Term;
Spent Fuel is stored in a swimming pool like tank, on the sites of
the nuclear power plants; the water dissipates waste heat. It also
acts as a shield against the escape of radiation; the pools
accommodate 10-20 years of spent fuel. The capacity of storage
pools in the U.S. nuclear plants reach 50% by 2004 and plan to
reach 100% by 2015. 47,000 tons of radioactive waste is in the U.S
today(more than that).
Slide 22
By Curtis Edmonds And Steven Willis
Slide 23
The Conversion When a 235 U atom fissions, two or three atoms
are ejected. Only one of these neutrons needs to hit a 235 U atom
to cause a chain reaction. The remaining neutrons are absorbed by
something else 238 U usually absorbs the extra neutrons When this
occurs, 238 U converts to Plutonium This Plutonium is also known as
239 Pu.
Slide 24
Slide 25
239 Pu 239 Pu can be purified and used as a nuclear feul SO the
238 U is converted into fissionable 239 Pu And the good news? 235 U
produces two more atoms than needed for a reaction So it may
produce more fuel than it consumes. Over 99% of uranium is 238 U,
so converting that to 239 Pu effectively increases nuclear reserves
This explains why creating nuclear energy is fast and
effective.
Slide 26
Slide 27
Breeder Reactors All of the listed conversions are formed from
breeder reactors There is more security needed for Breeder Reactors
because of high Plutonium 239 Pu can be used to create weapons More
safety for B.R.s are also needed.
Slide 28
Slide 29
Breeder Reactors, cont. Because the U.S. doesnt use nuclear
energy as much There is enough un used Uranium So the use for a
Breeder Reactor is unnecesary B.R.s are mostly used for military
practices because of Plutoniums ability to create weapons France,
Russia, and Japan are the only countries to use Breeder Reactors
commercially.
Slide 30
By Javan & Richard
Slide 31
Safety Safety is closely linked with Security. It relates
mainly to intrinsic problems or hazards. It relates mainly to
external threats to materials or facilities. Many plants are not
safe. Which could lead to injury or even death.
Slide 32
Meltdowns Three Mile Island and Chernobyl are to good examples
of meltdowns. Meltdowns are accidents in a nuclear reactor. These
meltdowns can be dangerous Three mile island the reactor was
severely damaged The radiation was contained no one was hurt At
Chernobyl the reactor exploded Leaving 56 people dead and others
injured
Slide 33
Terrorism Nuclear power plants can make easy targets. They can
easily attacked by planes if planned right. When September 11 th
occurred the U.S. Realized The opportunities of terrorism in the
U.S. with nuclear power that is why it is a debates about what to
do with the plants
Slide 34
Quiz What is safety closely related to? What is the worst thing
that can happen in a plant? What happened at Chernobyl?
Slide 35
Kimaya Davis Renee Mitchell
Slide 36
Opposition to Nuclear Power People have a distrust of
technology they dont understand. Observers are critical of the way
nuclear technology is being managed. Lax safety, operator failures,
and cover-ups by nuclear plants. High costs of construction &
unexpectedly short operational lifetimes. Disposing of nuclear
waste. Nuclear power plants are a target for terrorist attacks.
When accidents happens, probabilities become realities.
Slide 37
If.Then.But (nuclear power) In the United States the main
problem is that there will eventually be a shortage of crude oil
for transportation. If we were moving toward a total electric
economy, then nuclear generated electricty could be substituted for
oil based fuels. Nuclear power competes with coal fired power in
meeting the demands for base-load electrical power. There are
financial risk of nuclear power, and coal is cheaper. There are
still environmental problems of mining and burning coal that
results in global climate change.
Slide 38
Rebirth of nuclear power? The continued use of fossil fuels may
have been so damaging to the atmosphere that we have to result to
another source. If the rebirth of nuclear power is to come then it
is agreed that a number of changes will have to be made. Political
leadership will be required to accomplish all of the
developments
Slide 39
Where it starts George W. Bush has made expanding nuclear
energy a major component of his energy policy. Vice President
Cheneys National Energy Policy report includes various steps that
led to Bushs expansion in his policy. Proposing the Nuclear power
2010 program, could become operational by 2010 By approving the
Yucca Mountain site for repository could be moving toward a
resolution of nuclear waste.