I. Continental Drift • Continental Drift - _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ • Pangaea - ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Alfred Wegener (1915) • German ___________________ and ____________________ • Proposed the theory of __________________________________________________________ • Hypothesized a ________________________________________________________________ • Evidence of Continental Drift: 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Leigh-Manuell - 1 Class Notes: Plate Tectonics Name: ___________________________________________ Plate Tectonics Date: __________________________ Period: ___________ The Physical Setting: Earth Science
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Class Notes: Plate Tectonicsesrules.weebly.com/uploads/9/4/5/9/9459135/6_-_plate_tectonics__1__notes.pdf · Crustal Boundaries • Tectonic plates are constantly moving and interacting
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• Scientists dragged a ______________________ across the ocean floor and discovered a unique magnetic pattern where stripes of ___________________ and ___________________ polarity parallel the mid-ocean ridge flipping every 200,000 to 300,000 years (the last one was 781,000 years ago).
• Rock samples of the deep ocean floor show that basaltic oceanic crust becomes progressively ____________________ as you approach the mid-ocean ridge
• Example: the San Andreas Fault is 800 km long and runs throughout California
Leigh-Manuell - "7
Peru-Chile
Trench
HawaiiHot Spot
San AndreasFault
Juan deFuca Plate
PhilippinePlate
Aleutian TrenchYellowstone
Hot Spot
North AmericanPlate
AfricanPlateCocos
PlateCaribbean
Plate
Mid
-Atla
ntic
Rid
geCanaryIslands
Hot Spot
SouthAmerican
Plate
GalapagosHot Spot
NazcaPlate
AntarcticPlate
Indian-AustralianPlate
PacificPlateFiji Plate
East
Paci
ficR
i dge
AntarcticPlate
Arabian
Plate
EurasianPlate
EurasianPlate
IcelandHot Spot
Eas
tAfr
ican
Rift
Mid-IndianR
idgeSoutheast
Indian RidgeSouthwest
Indian
RidgeScotiaPlate
SandwichPlate
Mid
-Atla
ntic
Rid
ge
Easter IslandHot Spot
St. HelenaHot Spot
BouvetHot Spot
Key
Complex or uncertainplate boundary
Relative motion atplate boundary
Mantlehot spotDivergent plate boundary
(usually broken by transformfaults along mid-ocean ridges)
Convergent plate boundary(subduction zone)
subductingplate
overridingplate
Transform plate boundary(transform fault)
Tectonic Plates
TasmanHot Spot
M
aria
na
Tre
nch
Ton
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Tre
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Class Notes: Plate Tectonics
IV. Earth’s Interior
• Earth’s interior structures are known through the study of ! ___________________________________
• Seismic waves refract, _________________________, __________________________ and are ab-sorbed depending on the material they are transmitted through
• Mercalli Scale - scale that measures the _______________________ of an earthquake based on the effects to Earth’s surface, humans, objects in nature, and other man-made structures
• The values will differ based on the distance from the epicenter
• P-waves are ____________________ when they reach the liquid outer core
• S-waves are ____________________ when they reach the outer core and are not transmit-ted through to the other side
• Epicenters are located using the velocity differences between the p-wave and s-wave
• Since the p-waves travel ____________________ then s-waves, as your distance _____________________ from the earthquake's epicenter the arrival time between the two waves will be __________________
Leigh-Manuell - "12
P-wave Shadow Zone S-wave Shadow Zone
Class Notes: Plate Tectonics
• Distance to the epicenter is determined by comparing the arrival times and the E.S.R.T.
• To find the epicenter location you need to triangulate a position using ___________________ differ-ent seismometer stations