Phonetics ~ Class 4 CD 233 Lisa Lavoie
Jul 06, 2015
Phonetics ~ Class 4
CD 233
Lisa Lavoie
Today
Cover HWs 4 and 5 (flaps, wedge)Find stress on related words and in
dialect variationRead transcribed words and animal QsFiner points of vowels
Tense and lax pairs Circle back to cot/caught merger Differentiate /e, o/ from their fake diphthong
versions
Six working groups tonight
Count off in 6’s
Group yourselves with others of your number
We’ll work together in those groups tonight
How do you determine the stress?
Methods to try Tapping out the syllables Overstressing each syllable in turn Say the word with hurt incredulity and see
which syllable goes up the highest in pitch See what is going on with p t k, esp. t
(flapping)
Stress impacts transcription
Remember, stress determines: vs. ʌ ɝ ə ɚ
“Pervert,” “stirrer,” “fervor,” “murderer”
“Above,” “adjust,” “ruckus”
Flapping depends on stress
Where’s the stress? A
Reveal
Romantic
Secrets
Dramatic
Longitudinal
Development
Marginal
Return
Investment
Carbonated
Beverage
Hydration
Where’s the stress? B
University
Cafeteria
Gymnasium
Laboratory
Library
Librarian
Phenomenal
Stupendous
Terrific
Fantastic
Awesome
Unbelievable
Where’s the stress? C
Appetite
Falsetto
Buckaroo
Cameo
Optical
Sentiment
Bulgaria
Penelope
Hyperbole
Virtuoso
Kamikaze
Related words A
Major
Idiot
Reveal
Manic
Oblige
Preserve
Liberty
Related words B
Felony
Aristocrat
Courage
Plural
Terror
Surrender
Compute
Related words C
Mandate
Repeat
Perspire
Create
Paralyze
Colony
Magic
Stress shifting words
English wants alternating stresses
We hate two stressed syllables next to each other so we sometimes fix it up
Buckaroo vs. Buckaroo Banzai
Afternoon vs. Afternoon tea
Teens are quite changeable (13 – 19)
Stress variation in words
Canadians: elementary, corollary
Just American, I think: Harassment, adult, kilometer, applicable, Address, cigarette, complex, mischievous, Submarine, umbrella, vehicle, raccoon Caribbean, advertisement
Another phonetics book says…
These words vary in stress or pronunciation What do we think? Abdomen, height, neither, Advertisement, coupon, homage Humble, apricot, zoology Interesting, comparable, bouquet, finance Forehead, insurance, often, illustrative
Cot/caught merger (Don/Dawn)
Also called “low back” merger
Possum rhymes with awesome
50% of US merges them now and it’s spreading…
From Telsurhttp://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/maps/Map1.html
Low back vowels: , , ɑ ɔ ɒ
ɑ Cot
Don
Stock
Father
Lot
Mom
ɔ Caught
Dawn
Stalk
Dog
Fall
Long
Low back vowels: , , ɑ ɔ ɒ
ɑ Pond
Fonz
Odd
Collar
Body
Wok Hock
ɔ Pawned Fawns Awed Caller Bawdy Walk Hawk
Other names for the merger
Hottie
Otto
Gotti
Bobble
Cod
Lager
Pod
Yon
Cock
Haughty Auto Gaudy Bauble Cawed Logger Pawed Yawn Caulk
Tense and lax vowels
Think about monosyllabic words with these vowels: i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ, ʌ
Can they have a coda consonant?
Must they have a coda consonant?
Mid-vowels as monophthongs
http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter4/ex4.html
Canadian monophthongs e, o
http://ic-migration.webhost.uits.arizona.edu/icfiles/ic/lsp/site/#monophthongs
Mid-vowel “contrasts”…
e vs. eɪ Decade vs. decayed Dayton vs. day time Replay vs played Prayed vs. parade Examination vs.
nation
o vs. oʊ Bellow vs. Below Hotel vs. Whole Romantic vs. Rome Rotate vs. road Bodacious vs. bode Prohibit vs. probe Suppose vs. Pose
California English
Lots of current research going on
http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/californian/
Eckert on California Vowels
California shift
Adolescent girls lead sound change Especially evident in “drama queens”
http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html
Vowel before becomes i ɪ ŋ As rule: ɪ –> i / _ ŋ
New Info on California Vowels
Ladefoged 1999 reports that … California English is monophthongizing the e and o diphthongsɪ ʊ
e become e (though thereɪ ’s still a little off-glide so perhaps ej)
o becomes (interestingly ʊ ɔ not o)
The Californians
Recurring SNL skit
Listen for Mid vowels Glottal stops instead of /t/
http://www.hulu.com/watch/350669
Lumpy Space Princess (LSP)
From Adventure TimeShe shows characteristics of the
California monophthongization that Ladefoged discusses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmC1vknpqgg
How would you describe LSP?
Nicknames
I hope you were thinking about nicknames and shortened references
What’s the relationship between common nicknames and the stress?
Examples of Christopher, Randolph, David, William, Kevin nicknames
For next class
Review all the transcription you have done so far
Working on the sheet on transcribing related words will help you build confidence in variation
Amount of aspiration
Record
Conduct
Suppose
Toddy
Record
Conduct
Supper
Today
Perfect Boston Accent
Medford City Councilor
FYI: “tot lot” is a little kid playground
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbK4cL3QSc0
Discuss typewriter a used in Boston accent
Tongue Twisters
She sells seashells by the seashore
She’s so sick and she’s so sore
A shout from the south sought the (sleeping) sheriff
Silver slivers simmer softly in the sunlight
What’s perseverating here?
Jacques Cousteau
Or Jacques Pepin
Dana Carvey as Jacques Cousteau SNL
http://www.break.com/tv-shows/saturday-night-live/dana-carvey-as-jacques-cousteau-2158938.html
Another stress tongue twister
Decide to de-stress not distress from your stress,
Decide to deplete and digress don't distress!
Do not be stressed by distress caused by stress,
Decisively set your own course for success.