Spoken and Written Forms of Address for U.S. Government Officials, Military Personnel, Foreign Officials, Nobility, and Religious Officials This section provides the correct forms of address for U.S. Public officials, diplomats, religious leaders, royalty, the British peerage, and military personnel. For each personage the chart gives the appropriate form or forms to be used in addressing letters, in letter salutations, in direct conversation, and in more formal introductions. In diplomatic and other public circles, "Sir" is generally considered an acceptable alternative to the formal address in both written and spoken greetings; this does not apply to religious or titled persons. The use of "Madam" or "Ma'am" for a female addressee is less customary but still acceptable, especially for high officeholders ("Madam Governor"). This rule also holds for high officials of foreign countries. For greetings in which "Mr." is used, the feminine equivalent may be "Madam" or, less formally, "Mrs.," "Miss," or "Ms." Although there is no formal rule for the use of "Ms.," the preference of the addressee should be respected. Person Letter Address Letter Greeting Spoken Greeting Formal Introduction President of the United States The President The White House Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. (or Madam) President Mr. (or Madam) President The President or the President of the United States Former President The Honorable John J. Jones Current address Dear Mr. (Mrs., Ms.) Jones Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones The Honorable John J. Jones Vice President The Vice President Executive Office Building Washington, DC 20501 Dear Mr. (or Madam) Vice President Mr. (or Madam) Vice President The Vice President or the Vice President of the United States Cabinet members The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones The Secretary of ____________ or Dear Mr. (or Madam) Secretary Mr. (or Madam) Secretary The Secretary of _________________
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Spoken and Written Forms of Address for U.S. Government Officials, Military Personnel, Foreign Officials, Nobility, and Religious Officials
This section provides the correct forms of address for U.S. Public officials, diplomats, religious leaders, royalty, the British peerage, and military personnel. For each personage the chart gives the appropriate form or forms to be used in addressing letters, in letter salutations, in direct conversation, and in more formal introductions.
In diplomatic and other public circles, "Sir" is generally considered an acceptable alternative to the formal address in both written and spoken greetings; this does not apply to religious or titled persons. The use of "Madam" or "Ma'am" for a female addressee is less customary but still acceptable, especially for high officeholders ("Madam Governor"). This rule also holds for high officials of foreign countries.
For greetings in which "Mr." is used, the feminine equivalent may be "Madam" or, less formally, "Mrs.," "Miss," or "Ms." Although there is no formal rule for the use of "Ms.," the preference of the addressee should be respected.
Person Letter Address Letter Greeting Spoken Greeting
Formal Introduction
President of the United States
The President The White House Washington, DC 20500
Dear Mr. (or Madam) President
Mr. (or Madam) President
The President or the President of the United States
Former President The Honorable John J. Jones Current address
Dear Mr. (Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
The Honorable John J. Jones
Vice President
The Vice President Executive Office Building Washington, DC 20501
Dear Mr. (or Madam) Vice President
Mr. (or Madam) Vice President
The Vice President or the Vice President of the United States
Cabinet members
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones The Secretary of ____________ or
The Chief Justice The Supreme Court Washington, DC 20543
Dear Mr. (or Madam) Justice or Dear Mr. (or Madam) Chief Justice
Mr. (or Madam) Chief Justice
The Chief Justice
Associate Justice
Mr. Justice Jones or Madam Justice Jones The Supreme Court Washington, DC 20543
Dear Mr. (or Madam) Justice
Mr. Justice or Mr. Justice Jones; Madam Justice or Madam Justice Jones
Mr. Justice Jones; Madam Justice Jones
United States Senator
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones United States Senate Washington, DC 20510
Dear Senator Jones Senator Jones Senator Jones from Nebraska
Speaker of the House
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones Speaker of the House of Representatives United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515
Dear Mr. (or Madam) Speaker
Mr. Speaker; Madam Speaker
The Speaker of the House of Representatives
United States Representative
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515
Dear Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Representative Jones from New Jersey
United Nations Ambassador
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones
Dear Mr. (or Madam)
The United States Ambassador to the
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017
Ambassador United Nations
Ambassador
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones Ambassador of the United States American Embassy Address goes here
Dear Mr. (or Madam) Ambassador
Mr. (or Madam) Ambassador
The American Ambassador The Ambassador of The United States of America
Consul-General
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones American Consul General Address goes here
Dear Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Mr. (or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Foreign Ambassador
His (or Her) Excellency John (or Jean) Johnson The Ambassador of ______________ Address goes here
Excellency or Dear Mr. (or Madam) Ambassador
Excellency; or Mr. (or Madam) Ambassador
The Ambassador of _______________
Secretary-General of the United Nations
His (or Her) Excellency Milo (or Mara) Jones Secretary-General of the United Nations United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017
Dear Mr.(or Madam) Secretary-General
Mr. (or Madam) Secretary-General
The Secretary-General of the United Nations
Governor
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones Governor of ______________ State Capitol Address goes here
Dear Governor Jones
Governor or Governor Jones
The Governor of Maine: Governor Jones of Maine
State legislators
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones Address goes here
Dear Mr. (Or Mrs. , Ms.) Jones
Mr. (Or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Mr. (Or Mrs., Ms.) Jones
Judges
The Honorable John J. Jones Justice, Appellate Division Supreme Court of the State of ______________ Address goes here
Dear Judge Jones
Justice or Judge Jones; Madam Justice or Judge Jones
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones; Mr. Justice Jones or Judge Jones; Madam Justice Jones or Judge Jones
Mayor
The Honorable John (or Jane) Jones; His (or Her) Honor the Mayor City Hall Address goes here
Dear Mayor Jones
Mayor Jones; Mr. (Or Madam) Mayor; Your Honor
Mayor Jones; The Mayor
The Pope
His Holiness, the Pope or His Holiness, Pope John XII Vatican City Rome, Italy
Your Holiness or Most Holy Father
Your Holiness or Most Holy Father
His Holiness, the Holy Father; the Pope; the Pontiff
Cardinals
His Eminence, John Cardinal Jones, Archbishop of ______________ Address goes here
Your Eminence of Dear Cardinal Jones
Your Eminence or Cardinal Jones
His Eminence, Cardinal Jones
Bishops
The Most Reverend John Jones, Bishop (or Archbishop) of ______________ Address goes here
Your Excellency or Dear Bishop (Archbishop) Jones
Your Excellency or Bishop (Archbishop) Jones
Monsignor
The Reverend Monsignor James Harding Address goes here
Reverend Monsignor or Dear Monsignor
Monsignor Harding or Monsignor
Monsignor Harding
Priest The Reverend John Jones
Reverend Father or Dear Father Jones
Father or Father Jones Father Jones
Address goes here
Brother
Brother John or Brother John Jones Address goes here
Dear Brother John or Dear Brother
Brother John or Brother Brother John
Sister Sister Mary Marshall
Dear Sister Mary Marshall or Dear Sister
Sister Mary Marshall or Sister
Sister Mary Marshall
Protestant Clergy The Reverend John (or Jane) Jones*
Dear Dr. (or Mr., Ms.) Jones
Dr. (or Mr., Ms.) Jones
The Reverend (or Dr.) John Jones
Bishop (Episcopal)
The Right Reverend John Jones* Bishop of __________ Address goes here
Dear Bishop Jones Bishop Jones The Right Reverend John Jones, Bishop of Detroit
Rabbi Rabbi Arthur (or Anne) Schwartz Address goes here
Dear Rabbi Schwartz
Rabbi Schwartz or Rabbi
Rabbi Arthur Schwartz
King or Queen
His (Her) Majesty King (Queen) ___________ Address (letters traditionally are sent to reigning monarchs not directly but via the private secretary)
Your Majesty; Sir or Madam
Varies depending on titles, holdings, etc.
Other royalty
His (Her) Royal Highness, the Prince (Princess) of _______________ Address goes here
Your Royal Highness
Your Royal Highness; Sir or Madam
His (Her) Royal Highness, the Duke (Duchess) of Gloucester
Duke/Duchess
His/Her Grace, the D ____________ of ____________
My Lord Duke/ Madam or Dear Duke of ____________/Dear Duchess
Your Grace or Duke/Duchess
His/Her Grace, the Duke/Duchess of Bridgeport
Marquess/Marchioness The Most My Lord/Madam or Lord/Lady Lord/Lady
Honorable the M _____________ of Bridgeport
Dear Lord/Lady Bridgeport
Bridgeport Bridgeport
Earl The Right Honorable the Earl of Franklin
My Lord or Dear Lord Franklin Lord Franklin Lord Franklin
Countess (wife of an earl)
The Right Honorable the Countess of Franklin
Madam or Dear Lady Franklin Lady Franklin Lady Franklin
Viscount/Viscountess
The Right Honorable the V _____________ Tyburn
My Lord/Lady or Dear Lord/Lady Tyburn
Lord/Lady Tyburn Lord/Lady Tyburn
Baron/Baroness The Right Honorable Lord/Lady Austin
My Lord/Madam or Dear Lord/Lady Austin
Lord/Lady Austin Lord/Lady Austin
Baronet Sir John Jones, Bt. Dear Sir or Dear Sir John Sir John Sir John Jones
Wife of Baronet Lady Jones Dear Madam or Dear Lady Jones Lady Jones Lady Jones
Knight Sir John Jones Dear Sir or Dear Sir John Sir John Sir John Jones
Wife of knight Dear Madam or Dear Lady Jones Lady Jones Lady Jones
Military Personnel
For commissioned officers in the U.S. Armed services, the full rank is used as a title only in addressing letters and in formal introductions: one writes to Major General Sarah Miller, U.S. Army, and introduces her as Major General Miller. In greetings the full rank is shortened to General: "Dear General Miller." Similar acceptable shortened greetings follow categorized by full rank then greetings :
Army, Air Force, Marines
General of the Army Lieutenant General Brigadier General Lieutenant Colonel First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
General General General Colonel Lieutenant Lieutenant
For enlisted personnel, a similar principle applies. Sergeants -- whether staff sergeants, gunnery sergeants, or first sergeants -- are greeted simply as "Sergeant"; privates first class are referred to as "Private"; and, in the Navy and Coast Guard, chief petty officers are referred to as "Chief." Other noncommissioned officers are greeted by their ranks, although, informally, lower grades may be referred to generically as "Soldier" or "Sailor."
The universal terms of respect that lower ranks must use when addressing senior officers are "Sir" and "Madam." These terms are not applied to noncommissioned officers, however; the appropriate affirmative response to a sergeant, for example, is "Yes, Sergeant."
*If the cleric holds a doctorate in divinity, it is customary to add the designation D.D. after his or her name in the letter address.
US Government
The President
Letter Address
The President
The White House
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Madam President:
Spoken Greeting
First: Mr. / Madam President
Then: Sir / Ma'am
Formal Introduction
The President of the United States (of America- when abroad)
The President
President Last Name
Former President
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
First: Mr. President
Then: Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, the former President of the United States
The President's Spouse
Letter Address
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Full Name
The White House
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
The Vice President
Letter Address
The Vice President
The White House
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Madam Vice President:
Spoken Greeting
First: Mr. / Madam Vice President
Then: Sir / Ma'am
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Vice President of the United States
The Vice President
Vice President Last Name
Cabinet Members
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
Secretary of (Department)
Department of __________
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Madam Secretary
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Madam Secretary
Secretary Last Name
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, The Secretary of _________ of the United States
The Secretary of ________
Attorney General
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
The Attorney General
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Ms. / Madam Attorney General:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Ms. / Madam Attorney General
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Attorney General
The Chief Justice
Letter Address
The Chief Justice
The Supreme Court
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Madam Chief Justice:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Madam Chief Justice
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Chief Justice
Chief Justice Last Name
Associate Justice
Letter Address
Justice Last Name
The Supreme Court
Address
Salutation
Dear Justice Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Madam Justice
Justice Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
Justice Last Name
Federal Judge
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
U.S. Court of _______
Address
Salutation
Dear Judge Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Justice or Judge Last Name
Madam Justice or Judge Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name
Mr. / Madam Justice Last Name
Judge Last Name
Senator
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
United States Senate
Washington, DC
or district office address
Salutation
Dear Senator Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Senator Last Name
Then: Senator, Sir / Ma'am
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Senator Last Name, Senator from State
Senator Last Name
Representative
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
United States House of Representatives
Washington, DC
or district office address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Last Name, Representative from State
Congressman / Congresswoman Last Name
Diplomatic
American Ambassador
Letter Address:
The Honorable Full Name
Ambassador of the United States
American Embassy
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Madam Ambassador:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Madam Ambassador
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, Ambassador of the United States of America (at post)
(when not at post add: to County)
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Full Name, Ambassador of the United States of America
American Ambassador (when no foreign nationals are present, add: to Country)
Ambassador Last Name, United States of America
Foreign Ambassador
Letter Address
His / Her Excellency Full Name
The Ambassador of ________
The Embassy of ________
Address
Salutation
Excellency: or,
Dear Mr. / Madam Ambassador:
Spoken Greeting
Excellency
Mr. / Madam Ambassador
Formal Introduction
His / Her Excellency, the Honorable Full Name, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of _______
The Ambassador of _______
State
Governor
Letter Address:
The Honorable Full Name
Governor of State
Address
Salutation
Dear Governor Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
First: Governor Last Name
Governor
Then: Sir / Ma'am
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, Governor of the state of ______
Governor Last Name
The Governor
State Legislator
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Mayor
Letter Address
The Honorable Full Name
Mayor of City
Address
Salutation
Dear Mayor Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mayor Last Name
Mr. / Madam Mayor
Your Honor
Formal Introduction
The Honorable Full Name, Mayor of City (or, of the city of _______)
Mayor Last Name
Religious Dignitaries
Protestant Clergy
Letter Address
The Reverend Full Name
Name of church
Address
Salutation
Dear Reverend Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Reverend Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Reverend Full Name
Protestant Clergy, with doctorate
Letter Address
The Reverend Full Name, D.D.
Name of church
Address
Salutation
Dear Dr. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Dr. Last Name
Formal Introduction
Dr. Full Name
The Reverend Doctor Full Name
Episcopal Bishop
Letter Address
The Right Reverend Full Name (academic degrees)
Bishop of ______
Address
Salutation
Dear Bishop Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Bishop Last Name
Formal Introduction
The Right Reverend Full Name, The Bishop of ______
The Pope
Letter Address
His Holiness, Pope Papal Name
Vatican City, Italy
Salutation
Your Holiness:
Most Holy Father:
Spoken Greeting
Your Holiness
Most Holy Father
Formal Introduction
His Holiness, Pope ______
The Holy Father
The Pope
The Pontiff
Cardinal
Letter Address
His Eminence, First Name Cardinal Last Name
Archbishop of _______
Address
Salutation
Your Eminence:
Dear Cardinal Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Your Eminence
Cardinal Last Name
Formal Introduction
His Eminence, Cardinal Last Name
Roman Catholic Bishop
Letter Address
The Most Reverend Full Name
Bishop / Archbishop of ______
Address
Salutation
Your Excellency:
Most Reverend Sir:
Dear Bishop / Archbishop Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Your Excellency
Bishop / Archbishop Last Name
Formal Introduction
His Excellency
Bishop / Archbishop Last Name
Monsignor
Letter Address
The Right Reverend Monsignor Full Name
Address
Salutation
Reverend Monsignor:
Dear Monsignor Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Monsignor Last Name
Monsignor
Formal Introduction
Monsignor Last Name
Roman Catholic Priest
Letter Address
The Reverend Full Name
Address
Salutation
Reverend Father:
Dear Father Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Father Last Name
Father
Formal Introduction
The Reverend Last Name
Father Last Name
Roman Catholic Mother Superior
Letter Address
The Reverend Mother Full Name, intials of order
Address
Salutation
Dear Reverend Mother (Last Name):
Spoken Greeting
Reverend Mother
Formal Introduction
Reverend Mother Last Name
Roman Catholic Nun
Letter Address
Sister Full Name, initials of order if used
Address
Salutation
Dear Sister Name / Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Sister Name / Last Name
Sister
Formal Introduction
Sister Name / Last Name
Roman Catholic Brother
Letter Address
Brother Given Name (Last Name), initials of order, if used
Address
Salutation
Dear Brother Given Name:
Spoken Greeting
Brother Given Name
Brother
Formal Introduction
Brother Given Name
Mormon
Letter Address
Mr. Full Name
President of ______ Temple
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. Last Name
Formal Introduction
Mr. Last Name, the President of ______ Temple
Imam
Letter Address
The Imam Name
Address
Salutation
Dear Imam Name:
Spoken Greeting
Imam Name
Formal Introduction
The Imam of the _______ Mosque / Islamic Center
Rabbi
Letter Address
Rabbi Full Name (academic degrees)
Address
Salutation
Dear Rabbi Last Name:
Dear Rabbi:
Spoken Greeting
Rabbi Last Name
Dr. Last Name (if holds a degree)
Rabbi
Formal Introduction
Rabbi Last Name, of Name of Temple / Congregation
Cantor
Letter Address
Cantor Full Name
Address
Salutation
Dear Cantor Last Name
Spoken Greeting
Cantor Last Name
Formal Introduction
Cantor Last Name, of Name of Temple / Congregation
Other Professionals
Attorney
Letter Address
Full Name, Esq. (or J.D., if held)
or Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Full Name
Address
Salutation
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name:
Spoken Greeting
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
Formal Introduction
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name
University Professor
Letter Address
Professor Full Name
or Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Full Name (or Dr., if held)
Address
Salutation
Dear Professor:
Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Last Name: (or Dr., if held)