Clackamas County Juvenile Drug Court Enhancement Evaluation (OR) NPC Research Outcome and Cost Evaluation Results
Dec 30, 2015
Clackamas County Juvenile Drug Court Enhancement Evaluation (OR)
NPC Research
Outcome and Cost Evaluation Results
Clackamas County Juvenile Drug Court
-Oregon City, OR
- Part of the tri-county area near Portland
- Implemented in 2001
-Highly Family Centered
-Only take juveniles who have an adult who will sign up for the program with them
What are the main goals of Drug Court?
-Reduce recidivism
-Reduce substance use
-Improve family/community/individual functioning
Enhancements
Increased family support resources and enhanced family treatment
Strengthened links to sustainable community resources
Process, outcome, and cost evaluation
Enhancements
Addition of Community Resource Liaison position
-Find and create new community resources including community service opportunities
-Work to link youth to community resources
Family Therapist almost at full-time
-Already required family therapy
-More home visits
-Required parenting class instituted
Relationships/connections with community agencies
Community Resource Liaison Added a Family Representative Oregon Youth Authority Developed connections with residential treatment programs Trained community guides Strong relationships with local agencies
and community leaders
CCJDC Enhancement Evaluation
Outcome Results
CCJDC Enhancement Evaluation
Choosing a comparison group
*Juvenile Department Counselor assistance (filled out one page survey on youth they had not referred)
Drug Court and Comparison Group Drug Court
N = 53Compariso
nN = 60
Gender46 males7 females
48 males12 females
Ethnicity
48 White2 Hispanic1 African
Am.1 Other
54 White3 Hispanic
3 Other
Average age at time of first referral
13.85 14.09
Average number of referrals prior to DC entry date 4.57 3.67
Average number of detention episodes in juvenile detention facility
1.92 1.15
Average number of episodes in residential placement .49 .53
Average Risk Score 10.68 9.37
RECIDIVISM
RECIDIVISM:
Average Number of Re-Arrests Over 24 months
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Months
Ave
rag
e N
um
ber
of
Re-
arre
sts
All Participants
Graduated
Comparison
Re-Arrest Rate
2 years from drug court entry
Graduates 29%All Participants 44%Comparison 82%
2nd year after drug court entry (1 year post-program)
Graduates 14%All Participants 29%Comparison 50%
Mean Number of Re-Referrals and Arrests in 3-Month Increments (non-cumulative)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
3 6 9 12 15 18
Months
Ave
rage
# o
f re-
arre
sts
Pre-enhancement
Post-enhancement
Comparison
SUBSTANCE USE
Substance Use:
Percent of Positive UAs in 2 Month Increments
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
2 4 6 8 10 12
Months
Per
cent
pos
itive
UA
s
Pre-enhancement
Post-enhancement
Mean Number of Drug Related Re-Arrests in 3-Month Blocks
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
3 6 9 12 15 18
Months
Ave
rage
# o
f Dru
g-R
elat
ed R
e-ar
rest
s Pre-enhancement
Post-enhancement
Comparison
PROGRAM COST RESULTS
Program Transactions
Transaction
Transaction
Unit Cost
Avg. # of Program
Transactions
Avg. Cost per
Participant
DC Appearances
$373.83 29.55 $11,047
Case Management
$29.78 356.82 Days $10,626
Individual Treatment Sessions
$52.48 8.35 $438
Group Treatment Sessions
$16.33 37.88 $619
Family Therapy Sessions
$19.99 9.12 $182
Parent Support Group
$9.54 26.41 $252
Parent Education Classes
$9.33 4.47 $42
Drug Tests (UAs)
$6.00 70.96 $426
Drug Patches $20.00 1.19 $24Total Drug Court
$23,656
AgencyAverage Agency Cost
per ParticipantCircuit Court $1,413
District Attorney $1,234
Defense Attorney $600
Juvenile Department
$12,974
Clackamas County Mental Health
$6,299
Oregon Youth Authority
$855
C-TEC Youth Services
$281
Total $23,656
Program Investment by Agency
Placement Options Cost Per Day
CCJDC Program $66.26
Residential Treatment
$134.19
Shelter Care $115.57
Short-term Detention
$187
Long-term Detention $171.00
Adult Jail $96.77
Program/Placement Costs per Day
OUTCOME COST RESULTS
Transaction
Transaction
Unit Cost
All Drug Court
ParticipantsComparison
Group
Re-arrests/Referrals $200.72 $171 $406
Formal Hearings $89.80 $40 $61
Hearings $44.90$34
$53
Felony Cases $390.00 $12 $148
Misdemeanor Cases $280.00 $59 $92
Probation Violation Cases
$150.00 $48 $68
Residential Tx Days $134.19 $4,046 $7,592
Foster Care Days $29.78 $448 $390
Shelter Care Days $115.57 $7 $529
Juvenile Probation Days
$1.70 $256 $363
Sub-Total ---- $5,121 $9,702
Jail Bookings $20.59 $13 $4
Jail Bed Days $96.77 $102 $19
Detention Days $183.65 $2,577 $1,827
Youth Correctional Facility Days
$171.00 $5,340 $2,562
Total $13,153 $14,114
Cost Difference (Savings)
(Savings over 2 years)
All Drug Court minus Comparison = $961 (Overall savings)
Graduates minus Comparison = $10,958 (Grad savings)
Terminated minus Comparison = -$6,037 (loss)
Detention Costs Averaged per Youth
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
Det
enti
on
Co
sts
Year 1
Year 2
Year 1 $747 $9,785 $2,598
Year 2 $393 $2,876 $1,791
Graduated Terminated Comparison
Program Response
Community Liaison: (Paradigm Shift)
Arranges for (reserves) community service slots each week and brings to team at client progress meetings
Increased the variety of community service options Youth can choose a service that is meaningful to them
Youth that don’t do well together can be sent to different service options
Attends end of court session to sign kids up
CONCLUSION
Results provide evidence thatthe CCJDC Program:
Reduced recidivism
Reduced drug use
Resulted in savings in outcome costs
FAMILY FUNCTIONING
Family Functioning
Family Communication
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
“We tell each other about things that bother us”
2.73
“We take the time to listen to each other”
2.74
“We are free to say what we think in our family”
2.97
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2
Family Functioning
Problem Solving
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
“We spend too much time arguing about what our problems are”
2.28
“When problems come up, we try different ways of solving them”
2.81
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2 (Significantly)
Family Functioning
Family Rules and Expectations
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2
“When you do something wrong in our family, you don’t know what to expect”
2.20
“It’s hard to tell what the rules are in our family”
2.09
“The rules in our family don’t make sense”
2.05
Family Functioning
Family Treatment Sessions
Graduates = 6.2 Sessions
Terminated = 3.9 Sessions
COST RESULTS
Cost to taxpayer approach (Public Funds)
Costs and Benefits (opportunity resources)
Transactional Cost Analysis
Research Strategies
TICA Methods
Step 1: Determine the flow/process
Step 2: Identify the transactions
Step 3: Identify the agencies involved
Step 4: Determine the resources used
Step 5: Identify costs associated
Step 6: Calculate cost results
TICA Methods
Step 1: Determine the flow/process
DC program and “business-as-usual”
Interviews
Observation
Document review
TICA Methods
Step 2: Identify the transactions Examine the process description from Step 1Examples of transactions:
Drug court hearings
Treatment sessions
Drug Tests
Re-arrests
Jail Time
TICA Methods
Step 3: Identify the agencies involved
Interviews and Observations
Drug CourtHearing
Court StaffTime
TreatmentStaff
ContractMaterials/
Services PerCase
Asst. D.A.
Asst. Pub.Defender
PoliceOfficers
TICA Methods
Step 4: Determine the resources usedInterviews, Observations, Admin Data, Files
Do this for each transaction – example court hearings
Time spent in court
Time spent preparing
How many court hearings for each participant
TICA Methods
Step 5: Identify costs associated
Interviews and Budget Reviews
Direct Costs
Support Costs (% of direct costs)
Institutional Overhead Costs (% direct costs)
TICA Methods
Step 6: Calculate cost results
Investment Cost
Net Investment
Outcome Costs
Net Outcome Costs
Total Difference (Savings – or not)