Cj 101 ch 4

Chapter 4

CJ 101 Introduction to Criminal Justice

History of PolicingEngland:-Watch system

-Hue and Cry

1829: Sir Robert Peel-uniformed officers

-decreased force

-”Police are the public and the public are the police”

London Metropolitan Police

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E

© 2009 Pearson Education,

Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger

Pearson Prentice Hall

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Saddle River, NJ 07458

5

The Early Cities

Self-policed:

Justice of the Peace:

Boston: (1635): Night watch

NYC: (1651): Shout/Rattle Watch

Philadelphia: (1705): 10 patrol areas





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August Vollmer (1876-1955)DO NOT WRITE DOWN!!!!

Berkeley, CA: Chief:

-Centralized records (1906)-blood/soil/fibers (1907)-police academy (1907)-Patrol-bikes (1910)/motors (1911)/Cars (1913)/Radios (1928)-1st juvenile division (US)-1914-college degrees-CJ program UC Berkeley





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August Vollmer (1876-1955)DO NOT WRITE DOWN!!!!

-polygraphs-investigations 1921

-1st Black officer (1919)/1st female officer (1925)

-prevent v. solve crimes

-helped organize-LA, Chicago, San Diego

-many students other chiefs

-cancer-suicide 1955





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The Frontier

“wild west”

-lacked law enforcement

-vigilantes

-sheriff-elected/appointed





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Policing Eras

Political: 1840-1930-appointed

Reform: 1930-1970-professionalism/crime solving

Community Problem Solving: (1970- )-partnerships

Modern PolicingJurisdiction:-geographical area

-officers enforce FederalStateCountiesCities/towns

FederalJurisdiction:

-50 states/DC

-US territories

-federal lands

StateOldest-Texas Rangers

State Police:-jurisdiction-state boundaries

-patrol highways

-criminal investigations

-cover small towns





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Mass State Police





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CountySheriff:-only elected law enforcement official-county areas-jails-courtrooms

MunicipalEnforce all laws

-jurisdiction-city limits

-closest to public

-crime prevention

-community policing





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The Police Mission

1. Enforce/support laws

2. Investigate & apprehend

3. Prevent crime

4. Community services





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Enforcing the Law

10–20% calls-response

Resources limited

Priorities affected Support laws enforce?





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Apprehending Offenders

Crime

Arrest





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Preventing Crime

Proactive:

Reduce crime

Lessen fear

Crime mapping





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Preventive Patrol

Uniformed officers

1. Deterrence

2. Interrupt crimes

3. Quick response

4. Safety & security





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Emergency Response

Critical Incidents:

-crimes in progress/serious injuries,

-lives in jeopardy





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Routine Incident Response

Second most common activity

Good response time-citizen satisfaction





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Criminal Investigation

-small % police work

-determine what happened/who responsible





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Criminal Investigation

First officers:

Assist injured/capture suspects Secure scene Preliminary investigation

Investigators/Detectives:-in depth actions-trained/experienced





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Problem Solving

-causes

-solutions/community

-plan/assess progress





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Community Policing

-crime prevention

-quality of life issues

-police/citizens/social services solve problems





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Community Policing

1. Community-based crime prevention

2. Nonemergency services

3. Increased accountability to public

4. Decentralization of command





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Terrorism’s Impact on Policing

September 11, 2001:

-changed role

-more preparing

-local-important role





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Recruitment and Selection

DO NOT WRITE DOWN::Personal interviewsBasic skills testsPhysical agility measuresMedical examsDrug testsBackground investigationsPsychological testing





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Education and Training-College credits

-Academy

-FTO

-Cultural awareness

-Specialized





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Professionalism and Ethics

-specialized knowledge

-professional standards and ethics

-accreditation





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Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing

Women/Minorities: expanding

-underrepresented-top command

Officer DiscretionArrest or not?

-judgment call

-exercising autonomy

-individual solutions





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Factors that Influence Discretion

Factors:

Officer’s backgroundSuspect’s characteristicsDepartment policyCommunity interestPressure from victimDisagreement with the law





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Increasing the Number of Minorities and Women in Police Work

Police Foundation recommends:

1. Involving underrepresented groups

2. Open promotion system

3. Periodic audits

Multiculturalism and PolicePolice reflect community

-same make up

-mutual understanding

-training/exposure

Cj 101 ch 4

Documents

jeopardy criminal justice

criminal justice chapter

patrol areas criminal

crimecriminal justice

san diego criminal justice

pearson education

quick responsecriminal

criminal investigation