The Furnace of Civil War “ “ With a swift flourish of With a swift flourish of federal force, Lincoln hoped federal force, Lincoln hoped to show the folly of secession to show the folly of secession and rapidly return the and rapidly return the rebellious states to the rebellious states to the Union. But the war was Union. But the war was neither brief nor limited.” neither brief nor limited.” Pages 451 - 475
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The Furnace of Civil WarThe Furnace of Civil War““With a swift flourish of federal With a swift flourish of federal
force, Lincoln hoped to show the force, Lincoln hoped to show the folly of secession and rapidly return folly of secession and rapidly return the rebellious states to the Union. the rebellious states to the Union. But the war was neither brief nor But the war was neither brief nor
limited.”limited.”
““With a swift flourish of federal With a swift flourish of federal force, Lincoln hoped to show the force, Lincoln hoped to show the
folly of secession and rapidly return folly of secession and rapidly return the rebellious states to the Union. the rebellious states to the Union. But the war was neither brief nor But the war was neither brief nor
3.3. Control M. RiverControl M. River Split ConfederacySplit Confederacy
4.4. Georgia & CarolinasGeorgia & Carolinas
5.5. Capture RichmondCapture Richmond
6.6. Engage enemy directlyEngage enemy directly
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
Lincoln’s outlook …Lincoln’s outlook … 90 days are up90 days are up Green / young volunteersGreen / young volunteers Capture capitolCapture capitol
Northern outlook …Northern outlook … ““On to Richmond”On to Richmond” Hill top picnicsHill top picnics
The South …The South … T.S. JacksonT.S. Jackson Rebel YellRebel Yell
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
Outcomes …Outcomes … SouthSouth
ConfidentConfident Overconfident? Overconfident?
DesertionsDesertions War is wonWar is won
NorthNorth Wake up callWake up call Lincoln - enlistmentsLincoln - enlistments
The Peninsula Campaign-Spring 1862-
The Peninsula Campaign-Spring 1862-
Who …Who … McClellan & Army of the PotomacMcClellan & Army of the Potomac Brilliant strategistBrilliant strategist
Problem …Problem … PerfectionistPerfectionist ““The slows”The slows” ““if McClellan isn’t going to use the army I if McClellan isn’t going to use the army I
should like to borrow them”should like to borrow them”
The Peninsula Campaign-Summer 1862-
The Peninsula Campaign-Summer 1862-
What …What … Seven Days BattleSeven Days Battle
Within sight of RichmondWithin sight of Richmond Lee forces Union retreatLee forces Union retreat
20K Confederate casualties20K Confederate casualties 10K Union casualties10K Union casualties
Outcomes …Outcomes … S. defeat would’ve likely meant slaveryS. defeat would’ve likely meant slavery McClellan fired McClellan fired Lincoln begins work on E.P.Lincoln begins work on E.P.
Southern StrategySouthern Strategy What …What …
Lee wants to pressure D.C.Lee wants to pressure D.C.
Second Bull RunSecond Bull Run (August, 1862)(August, 1862)
Defeats PopeDefeats Pope
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
What …What … Lee advances into MDLee advances into MD Lincoln re-hires McClellanLincoln re-hires McClellan
Outcome …Outcome … McClellan “acquires” Lee’s battle plansMcClellan “acquires” Lee’s battle plans Bloodiest day in U.S. historyBloodiest day in U.S. history
23,000 casualties23,000 casualties
Ultimately …Ultimately … Lee escapesLee escapes
McClellan fired again!McClellan fired again!
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Lincoln Lincoln (1863)(1863) … … Strong position to issue emancipationStrong position to issue emancipation ““forever free” slaves in rebellious statesforever free” slaves in rebellious states
Not border states! Not border states! (Slippery slope)(Slippery slope)
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Outcome …Outcome … Moral cause!Moral cause! International supportInternational support War unconditionalWar unconditional
N. Dem.s & butternut less enthusiasticN. Dem.s & butternut less enthusiastic War of union / not abolition?War of union / not abolition?
Blacks Battle BondageBlacks Battle Bondage North …North …
– Reluctant to enlist blacksReluctant to enlist blacks– ContrabandContraband
South …South …– Backbone / plantationsBackbone / plantations– Last month of warLast month of war
Lee’s Heads NorthLee’s Heads North Burnside replaces McClellanBurnside replaces McClellan
– Dec., 1862… FredericksburgDec., 1862… Fredericksburg Lee winsLee wins
Hooker replaces BurnsideHooker replaces Burnside– May 1863… ChancellorsvilleMay 1863… Chancellorsville
Lee winsLee wins TS Jackson killedTS Jackson killed - - “lost my right arm”“lost my right arm”
Lee moves into PALee moves into PA– Off two great victoriesOff two great victories– Stir N. oppositionStir N. opposition– Foreign intervention?Foreign intervention?
Meade replaces HookerMeade replaces Hooker
GettysburgJuly, 1863
GettysburgJuly, 1863
3 days3 days Pickett’s chargePickett’s charge
7K in ½ hour7K in ½ hour Beginning of end for ConfederacyBeginning of end for Confederacy
No more significant victoriesNo more significant victories
Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address
War in the WestWar in the West July 4, 1863 … VicksburgJuly 4, 1863 … Vicksburg
Several month siegeSeveral month siege Vital S. supply route from LA & TXVital S. supply route from LA & TX Grant winsGrant wins
Combined w/Gettysburg …Combined w/Gettysburg …1.1.Reopened M.R. to N. tradeReopened M.R. to N. trade