Civil War Begins

Civil War Begins1861-1865

Elec

tion

of

Linco

ln

(Rep

ublic

an)

“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all of the slaves, I would do it.” -- Abraham Lincoln

Sout

h se

cede

s (le

ave

the

Unio

n)

A Declaration of the Causes which

Impel the State of Texas to Secede

from the Federal Union We hold as undeniable truths that the

governments of the various States, and

of the confederacy itself, were

established exclusively by the white

race, for themselves and their posterity;

that the African race had no agency in

their establishment; that they were

rightfully held and regarded as an

inferior and dependent race, and in that

condition only could their existence in

this country be rendered beneficial or

tolerable.

Our position is thoroughly identified with the

institution of slavery-- the greatest material interest

of the world. Its labor supplies the product which

constitutes by far the largest and most important

portions of commerce of the earth. These products

are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical

regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none

but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical

sun. These products have become necessities of the

world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce

and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at

the institution, and was at the point of reaching its

consummation. There was no choice left us but

submission to the mandates of abolition, or a

dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been

subverted to work out our ruin.

A Declaration of the Immediate Causes

which Induce and Justify the Secession

of the State of Mississippi from the

Federal Union.

We affirm that these ends for which this

Government was instituted have been defeated,

and the Government itself has been made

destructive of them by the action of the non-

slaveholding States. Those States have assume the

right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic

institutions; and have denied the rights of property

established in fifteen of the States and recognized

by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful

the institution of slavery; they have permitted open

establishment among them of societies, whose

avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign

the property of the citizens of other States. They

have encouraged and assisted thousands of our

slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain,

have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures

to servile insurrection.

Declaration of the Immediate

Causes Which Induce and Justify the

Secession of South Carolina from

the Federal Union

Fort

Sum

ter

April 1861, first shot, starts the Civil War

Union (USA) vs.

Confederacy (CSA)North –

President

Lincoln

Capital –

Washingto

n, DC

South – President

Jefferson

Davis

Capital –

Richmond ,

VA

Population, States

North 22 million

people, 24

states, outnumber

South 4 to 1

Would allow

blacks to

fight

South 9 million

people, 1/3

were slaves,

South did

not use them, 11

states

Industry,

InfrastructureNorth

Variety of

economic

resources,

92% of the

nation’s

industry,

22,000 miles

of RR

South Agricultural,

especially

staple crops

which needed to be

sold (leads

to food shortages

later), 9,000

miles of RR

TerritoryNorth

Offensive

War

Had to conquer a

very large

area

South Defensive

War

Protect homes, land,

way of life

Know the

terrain

LeadershipNorth

Few experienced

officers

Eventually

Ulysses S

Grant

South Superior

military

leadership

Robert E.

Lee

OtherNorth

Border States –

States which

allowed

slavery yet

fought for

the North

Missouri,

Kentucky,

Delaware,

Maryland

South Asked Great

Britain and

France to

help them

“Johnny

Reb”

War Strategies

North Blockade the

South (Anaconda),

prevent

imports and

exports

Take control of

Mississippi

River, cut the

Confederacy

in two

South Fight a

defensive

war, hope

the North

gets tired

and leaves

War Strategies

Seize Richmond,

the Confederate

capital

Seize Washington,

the Union

capital

NorthSouth

New

Wea

pons

of

War

1. Ironclad ships2. Rifles (longer and more accurate than muskets)3. Bullet shapes

Tota

l War Destruction of everything that could

be used to help the enemy Includes crops, livestock, homes,

infrastructure

Cont

raba

nd Property seized from the enemyEscaping or seized

slaves – are they property or humans?

PeopleClara

Barton –

later founds the

Red Cross

Dorothea

Dix

PeopleMatthew

Brady

Photographer