Civil War

CIVIL WAR

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Review Election of 1860 Secession

1st (Unofficial) Battle: Fort Sumter, SC

April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire

Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies

Lincoln declared South in rebellion

After Fort Sumter… VA, NC, TN & AK joined

Confederacy Borders States - between

North & Southbecame very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO

Rating the North & the South

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Union Strengths1. More Railroads2. More Factories3. Balanced Economy4. Larger Population5. Functioning Gov’t.

Confederate Strengths

1. More Trained Officers2. Defensive Position3. Preservation of Way of Life

The Leaders of the Confederacy

Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal

MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

The “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellWinfield Scott

George McClellan,Again!

George McClellan

Ambrose Burnside

Joseph HookerGeorge Meade

Ulysses S. Grant

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”

23,000 casualties

September 17, 1862

New Technology1. Bullet – long piece of

metal w/ rounded end

New Technology2. Rifling – spiral groove cut

inside gun barrel

New Technology3. Shell –

Exploding cannon ball

New Technology4. Canister – Shell filled w/

tiny lead balls

New Technology5. Ironclad

Gunboats – steamshipcovered in iron plating

Increased Gov’t Power Draft – required military

service

Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

Increased Gov’t Power Internal Revenue Act – tax

on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paperbecame Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Increased Gov’t Power Created National

Currency: Greenbacks

Increased Gov’t Power Pacific Railroad Act of

1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads

War in the East: 1861-1862

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

Increased Gov’t Power Emancipation

Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed

TheEmancipati

onProclamatio

n

Emancipation in 1863

African-American Recruiting Poster

Extensive Legislation Passed

Without the South in Congress

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act1862 – Homestead Act1862 – Legal Tender Act1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)1863 – Pacific Railway Act1863 – National Bank Act

Company C of the 54th MA Regiment

1st African American Regiment

Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

The War in

the West, 1863:

Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

The North Initiates

the Draft, 1863

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

Inflation in the South

Sherman’s

“Marchto theSea”

throughGeorgia,

1864

Election of 1864

Election of 1864Rep. – Abraham LincolnDem. – George McClellan

Lincoln thought he would lose!

McClellan hated Lincoln!

Election of 1864 Just before the election

Sherman took Atlanta This victory changed the

country’s outlook Lincoln won re-election

Civil War Prison Camps

North Point Lookout, MA Camp Chase, OH Fort Delaware

Civil War Prison Camps

South Libby’s Prison, VA Andersonville, Ga

- 100 soldiers died a day- Commander guilty of war crimes

Medical Conditions

TERRIBLE! Docs did not sterilize

equipment! Went days w/out washing

equipment! High rates of infection

Medical Conditions

Some tried to make changes:1. Clara Barton – gave first aide

to troops & started Red Cross

2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

EconomyNORTH Flourished Industry

boomed Women took

jobs in factories

SOUTH Declined Food

Shortages Still

produced cotton & not food crops

Surrender at Appomattox

April 9, 1865