Civil War

CIVIL WAR

Review Election of 1860 Secession

1st (Unofficial) Battle: Fort Sumter, SC

April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire

Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies

Lincoln declared South in rebellion

After Fort Sumter… VA, NC, TN & AK joined

Confederacy Borders States - between

North & Southbecame very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO

Union Strengths1. More Railroads2. More Factories3. Balanced Economy4. Larger Population5. Functioning Gov’t.

Confederate Strengths

1. More Trained Officers2. Defensive Position3. Preservation of Way of Life

Strategy The South

Fight a defensive warEntice England or France to side

with the Confederacy in order to keep its immense textile industry supplied with cotton

Fight a “war of attrition” in order to make the war as long, as bloody, and as costly as possible for the North in hopes that they would simply quit

Strategy The North

Fight an offensive war and to overwhelm the Confederacy with sheer numbers of troops

Gain control of the West via the Mississippi River and march east towards Richmond

Gain control of the far South and march northward towards Richmond

Gain control of the Atlantic and march west towards Richmond

New Technology1. Bullet – long piece of

metal w/ rounded end

New Technology2. Rifling – spiral groove cut

inside gun barrel

New Technology3. Shell –

Exploding cannon ball

New Technology4. Canister – Shell filled w/

tiny lead balls

New Technology5. Ironclad Gunboats –

steamships w/ iron plating

Increased Gov’t Power

Draft – required military service

Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

Increased Gov’t Power

Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paperbecame Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Increased Gov’t Power

Created National Currency: Greenbacks

Increased Gov’t Power

Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads

Increased Gov’t Power

Emancipation Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed

Company C of the 54th MA Regiment

1st African American Regiment

Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

Election of 1864

Election of 1864Rep. – Abraham LincolnDem. – George McClellan

Lincoln thought he would lose!

McClellan hated Lincoln!

Election of 1864 Just before the election

Sherman took Atlanta This victory changed the

country’s outlook Lincoln won re-election

Civil War Prison Camps

North Point Lookout, MA Camp Chase, OH Fort Delaware

Civil War Prison Camps

South Libby’s Prison, VA Andersonville, Ga

- 100 soldiers died a day- Commander guilty of war crimes

Medical Conditions

TERRIBLE! Docs did not sterilize

equipment! Went days w/out washing

equipment! High rates of infection

Medical Conditions

Some tried to make changes:1. Clara Barton – gave first aide

to troops & started Red Cross

2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

EconomyNORTH Flourished Industry

boomed Women took

jobs in factories

SOUTH Declined Food

Shortages Still

produced cotton & not food crops