Civil society baseline study 2011

CONDITIONS IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOs)

Serbia, 2011

Republic of Serbia

GOVERNMENT

Office for Cooperation withCivil Society

This survey is made possible by the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the “Civil Society Advocacy Initiative” program, implemented by the Institute for Sustainable Communities (ISC). Attitudes and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISC, USAID or the United States Government.

The survey was conducted by Civic Initiatives with support from the Office for Cooperation with Civil Society of the Government of Serbia

Republic of Serbia

GOVERNMENT

Office for Cooperation withCivil Society

Conditions in CSO, 2011

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Survey Methodology

Realization: Field survey was conducted in the period 24 July – 30 September 2011

Target Group: Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) registered with the Business Register Agency (BRA) in 2010

Target group size:

13,375 CSOs

Sample size: 1,625 Civil Society Organizations

Sample type: Stratified random sample

Stratums: Founding year and budget by Annual Balance Sheet for 2010

Data collection method:

Face to face in CSOs premises. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers by means of standardized questionnaire (average interview duration 65 minutes)

Survey venues: 67 municipalities in Serbia, 127 local community centers, urban, periurban and rural areas

Statistical error:

±2.43% for incidence occurences of 50% ±2.22% for incidence occurences of 30% ±1.99% for incidence occurences of 20% ±1.46% for incidence occurences of 10% ±1.06% for incidence occurences of 5%


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Main Information and

Working Conditions


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Primary activity area: % CSOs that specified the given area as primary

27%

23%

16%

10%

9%

6%

4%

3%

2%

0.7%

0.2

0.4

Social services

Culture, media and recreation

Environment

Education and researches

Law, Advocacy and Politics

Business and professional associations, unions

Health care

Development and Housing

International cooperation

Religion

Philantropic mediators and volunteering promotion

Not classified

Civil society organizations whose primary areas of activities are social services, culture/media/recreation and environmental protection account for more than 60% of registered CSOs


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CSO locations by geographic region

3744

37 34 3744

2718

3246

3031

33 33 25 17

33 47

5433

62 7 10

9 8 11 6

39

10 10 9 712 12

13 9

3 66 6 4 7 7 11 9

3

49 7 10 10 10 8 717

5 6

Total Cult., media& recr.

Edu. &research

Health care Socialservices

Environm. Devel. &housing

Law, adv. &politics

Bus. & prof.ass., unions

Notclassified

S-east Ser.

East Ser.

Centr. Ser.

West Ser.

Belgrade

Vojvodina

The majority of CSOs are located in Vojvodina (37%) and Belgrade (30%), while the remaining CSOs are relatively equally spread out across West, Central, East and Southeast Serbia


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Founding year of associations (according to data given by associations)

30 26 20 16

50

31

9 6

33 27

1819

21 21

17

13

925

16 24

44 46 54 59

29

44

60

59

4142

8 10 6 3 413

2211 11 6

Total Cult.,media&

recr.

Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

2010 and2011

2001 to2009

1990 to2000

Up to1989

The majority of CSOs, 52%, were established after 2000, 18% between 1990 and 2000, and 30% before 1990 (these primarily include CSOs providing social services, professional associations and CSOs engaged in environmental issues


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Number of active persons in an organization (managing board, staff & associates )

2936

2939

19

36 3124 22

33

36

3637

31

39

34 38

31 37

30

2419

1918

30

21 2034 25

30

11 915 12 12 9 11 11

176


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Over 20

11 to 20

6 to 10

Up to 5

The number of active persons in CSOs ranges from 5 (29%) – 10 (36%) persons, while every fourth has up to 20 active persons and every tenth CSO has over 20 active persons


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Number of volunteers in CSO

28 24 3020

27 2838

26

41 36

2220

21

23

24 18

1830

2324

2018

2430 16

21

27 2315 15

811

7 108 7

77 5 6

89

5 77 11

97

63

7 99 2

8 7

26

63

7 8 5 10 10 91 5

12


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

over 100

51 to 100

31 to 50

21 to 30

10 to 20

1 to 9

novolunteers

Number of volunteers significantly varies, both between the areas of activities and within: 28% CSOs do not have volunteers at all, while 7% have over 100 volunteers

Minimum=0 Maximum=60000


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Total budget size of CSOs in 2010 (in Euros) based on data provided by CSOs

6 6 4 5 310

20

6 7 9

2430

2531

20

32

24

14 1621

26

26

22

28

27

2713

22

30

27

20

22

22

16

21

15

20

20

22

27

14

10

13

13

17

12

4

19

10

9

106

147

124

18 19 166


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Over100000

20001 to100000

5001 to20000

1001 to5000

Up to 1000

No budgetin 2010

The budget size available to CSOs in 2010 varies more between individual CSOs than between main areas they address. The majority of CSOs in 2010 had a budget less than € 20,000, while every tenth had over € 100,000


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% of computers and laptops as compared to the number of active persons in CSOs

30

44

24 2722

43

2011

2230

13

12

1211

16

16

5

6

17 3

22

19

21 1824

24

1822

25 33

14

12

15 1516

7

2019

1517

1812

22 29 18

10

3835

15 10

3 2 6 4 1 6 6 7


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

more than onecomputer/laptop perperson

1 computer/laptop for1 to 3 persons



1 computer/laptop for10 or more persons

do not have acomputer/laptop

On average, 30% of CSOs do not have either a computer or a laptop, and in the majority of cases one computer/laptop is shared among a larger number of workers


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Do you have access to Internet in your organization?

67 6075 75

6554

7188

75 73

33 4025 25

3546

2912

25 27


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No

Yes

One third of CSOs do not have access to Internet, which is in line with the findings that one third of CSOs do not have a computer/laptop in their organizations


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How often is Internet used for your organization’s activities, regardless whether from home, organization or another place?

78 7583 76 76

68

84 8676

96

8 95

4 8

11

6 5

9

4

8 98

1110

8

6 49

36


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Once amonth orless

A fewtimes permonth

Once aweek

2-3 timesper week

4-6 timesper week

Daily

The majority of CSOs use Internet daily for work-related activities; however this often occurs at a place outside the organization (78% uses the Internet for their day-to-day work, while 67% have access to Internet)


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Internet is mainly used for communication (e-mail) and information

7

15

25

27

28

36

53

73

74

75

86

Watching TV programme (live orpodcast, delayed)

Listening to radio stations (live orpodcast, delayed)

Talking over messenger (Skype,Google chat...)

Video calls (Skype, Google chat...)

Reading blogs

Editing organization's accounts onsocial networks and blogs

Reading news

Surfing for information about newcompetitions

Getting information about activitiesin the sector

Getting information related toissues we are dealing with

Electronic mail (e-mail)

What do you use Internet for in your organization?


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15

Mission, Fields of Activity and Activities


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Does your organization have a defined organization’s mission in writing and does it have a strategic plan?

87 89 9193

86

80 82

9186 85

47

41

48 4852

47

33

51

44

55


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

We have a defined mission We have a strategic plan

The majority of CSOs have the organization’s mission in writing, while, on average, less than half of them have a strategic plan


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Multiple answers

What type of activities are mainly conducted in your organization?

9

16

17

22

29

30

35

49

51

16

23

25

Monitoring of laws, public policies and work ofinstitutions

Rendering material assistance

Lobbying/advocacy

Holding press conferences

Media campaigns

Conducting researches

Holding conferences and gatherings, round tables...

Networking and cooperation

Printing brochures and publications

Advising and rendering different professional services

Local community actions

Extrainstitutional education (seminars, trainings...)

On average, dominant types of activities in the CSO sector involve educational activities and local level actions


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What types of activities are mainly conducted in your organization?

47

79

64

48

3436

66

52 5251

45

36

5357

5250

21

45

13

31

67

54

20

36

47

3842

28

37

49

2420

27

50

3236

30

3733

2522 23

47

2730

16

35

26

18 19

32

46 45

33

14

37

30

1721

30

48

30

181917

36

2319

23

39

16

36

12

18

30

1412

14

39

17

24

7

15

28

1612

18

46

16 15

2

13

58

4

14

32

18

9

Cult., media &recr.

Edu. &research

Health care Social services Environm. Devel. &housing

Law, adv. &politics


Not classified

Extrainstitutional educationLocal community actionsAdvising and rendering professional services Printing brochures and publicationsNetworking and cooperationHolding conferences and gatherings Conducting researches Media campaignsHolding press conferences Lobbying/advocacyMonitoring of laws, public policies and work of institutions

Types of the most frequent activities vary considerably, depending on the primary field of activity


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On average, the percentage of approved projects as compared to the number of submitted projects was reduced in 2011 compared to 2010

5.0

6.3

2.4

3.5

2010 2011

Average number of projects submitted

Average number of projects approved

48%

55%

2010 2011

Average percentage of projects approved as compared toprojects submitted

Base: CSOs submitting projects (73% in 2010 and 67% in 2011)

Ratio between number of submitted and approved projects in 2010 and 2011


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20

Legal / Fiscal Regulations


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Are you familiar with legal regulations referring to CSO (Civil Society Organizations) sector?

21 2518

2619 23

16 11

33

15

2929

3023

28

34

2022

24

30

50 4552 51 53

43

64 66

4455


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

I am familiarwithregulations(fully+mainly)

Yes and no

I am notfamiliar withregulations (atall+a little)

About one half of CSOs are not familiar or only partially familiar with legal regulations imposed on Civil Society Organizations


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Multiple answers

What are you dissatisfied with, what do you think should be changed regarding legal regulations?

37 36

46

31 32

47

56

34

2624

2

6

2728

48

31

20

26

2022

21

27

15

710

76877


Edu. &researches



Law, adv. &politics

Bus. & profass., unions

Notclassified

Tax policy

Law on Associations

Other laws referring to CSO activities

Regarding legal regulations, the main dissatisfaction in the civic sector relates to the tax policy imposed on CSOs


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23

Political Context


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In your opinion, is the present political climate in the country favourable for development of the CSO sector?

43 45 47 43 3948

36 41 42 36

35 34 30 3935

34

3336 41

42

22 20 23 1826

1831

23 18 21

Total Cult., media &recr.

Edu. & research Health care Social services Environm. Devel. & housing Law , adv. &politics


Not classif ied

Favourable(very, mainly)

Yes and no

Unfavourable(very, mainly)

More than 40% of CSOs rate the political climate in the country as unfavourable for the development of the CSO sector


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How would you evaluate cooperation of the present Government of the Republic of Serbia with the CSO sector? (Marks range between 1 and 5)

32 37 35 3125

3529 31

42

24

4543 42 44

46

45

4250

3558

23 19 22 2329

1929

19 2215


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Favourable(4,5)

3

Unfavourable(1,2)

Cooperation between the Government of Serbia and CSOs was evaluated on average to be 3 on a scale of 1-5 (45%), while only 23% had a favorable remark


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To what extent does the CSO sector have an impact on the State policy creation?

64 5867 70

60 62 6776 75 70

3339

30 2336 36

3123 24

21

3 3 2 5 3 1 1 19


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Toomuch

To therightextent

Too little

The majority of CSOs evaluated the overall impact of the sector on the State’s policy creation as insufficient/too little (64%)


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Cooperation Between Sectors

CSO Cooperation

Networking


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Have you so far, in any way, cooperated with other Civil Society Organizations?

88 88 91 93 90 85 8494

7182

12 12 9 7 10 15 166

2918


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No

Yes

The majority of CSOs have cooperated with other CSOs


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The majority of CSOs have cooperated with other CSOs from their municipality (75%) and/or region in Serbia; however, as the territorial distance between CSOs increases, cooperation is diminishes

1113

34

56

41

75

from your place from your regionwithin Serbia

from the broaderterritory of Serbia

from the WestBalkans region

from a broaderregion outside EU

from EU

Have you cooperated on projects with other CSOs from...


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Base: Organizations that have cooperated with other Civil Society Organizations (88% of the target population)

To what extent are you satisfied with to date cooperation of your organization with other CSOs? - Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

4 2 411

4 6 5 5 7

1817 15

1421

26

11 1017

26

77 81 8072 74

68

84 8576 74


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Satisfied(marks 4+5)

3

Dissatisfied(marks 1+2)

The majority of CSOs are satisfied with their cooperation with other CSOs


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Cooperation with the State


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How would you evaluate the attitude of the State towards the CSO sector?

40 43 42 4431 39 38

46 49 42

22 18 20 20

29 21 2916 17 18

19 17 19 16 2116 20

24 19 18

7 55 8 6

69

1110

3

15 17 13 13 15 2216

412

18


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

I cannot evaluate it

The State feels CSOs as rivals

The State recognizes the CSO sector as partners (uses their services)

The State supports development of CSO sector (provides funding...)

The State is uninterested and it underestimates the importance of the CSO sector

Attitude of the State towards the CSO sector is often evaluated as lack of interest (40%), but the same percentage believes that the State has a positive attitude towards CSOs, either by supporting their development (22%), or even by recognizing CSOs as partners (19%)


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In what way has that attitude changed in the past 3 years?

2820

3323

3122

42 4128 27

5863

5764

5665

5343

52 48

12 149 11 11 12

412 18 21


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

It haschangedfor worse

It remainedthe same

It haschangedfor better

The majority of CSOs evaluate that the attitude of the State towards CSOs has not changed in the past 3 years; however, among those who believe that there were changes a larger percentage evaluates that it was more for better (28%) than for worse (12%)


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Base: Total targeted population

How would you generally evaluate cooperation between the State and the CSO sector in Serbia? – Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

28 34 27 28 21 25 29 2739

24

5247

52 5655 53 49 53

49

58

20 18 20 16 23 21 22 19 12 18


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Developedcooperation(marks 4+5)

3

Undevelopedcooperation(marks 1+2)

The majority of CSOs gives a median mark for cooperation between the State and CSOs, and as many as 28% give a low mark – this is considerably worse than the mark given for cooperation with local self-governments, which was given a high mark by one half of CSOs


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35

Please specify THREE priorities that the newly-formed Office of the Government of the Republic of Serbia for Cooperation with Civil Society should focus on.

70

4641

36

26 25

Improving legal, strategic and financial frameworks for development of civil society enabling environment

Encouraging cooperation between local self-governments and CSOs

Developing transparent mechanisms of communication and cooperation between line ministries and CSOs

Incentive fiscal/tax regulations

Supporting different initiatives by CSOs

Encouraging cooperation of CSOs with other stakeholders

The majority of CSOs, 70%, specified as the priority of the newly-established Office for Cooperation with CSOs the improvement of legal, strategic and financial framework and CSOs working environment


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Cooperation with the Business Sector


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Base: Total target population

Have you cooperated with the business sector so far?

63 62 6269 67

5967 61

6958

37 38 3831 32

4133 39

3142


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No

Yes

The majority of CSOs, 63%, have cooperated with the business sector


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Multiple answers; Base: Organizations that cooperated with the business sector (63% of the target population)

What types of cooperation have you had with the business sector up to now ?

8073

63

78

43

73 3

83

95

69

8080

87

2621

24

16

4137

1219

23

1376

3 5652

11

58134 1

51

542


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Not classified

Business sector in the role of a donorConsulting services rendered by CSOs Joint projects/actions Rendering services/business servicesEducation, trainings, presentations

There have been mainly only two types of cooperation between CSOs and the business sector: In 80% of cooperation cases the business sector played the role of a donor, while in 23% it was about consulting services provided by CSOs


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How would you generally evaluate cooperation between the business sector and the CSO sector in Serbia? – Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

37 40 38 34 34 3440

50

34 30

49 47 51 5651 52 36

41

49 55

13 12 11 8 15 1422

716 12


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified


3


Almost one half of CSOs gives a median mark for cooperation with the business sector, while 37% give this cooperation low marks


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Cooperation with Media


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Have you had any type of cooperation or contact with media up to now?

90 9588

9788 89

8296

79 82

10 512

312 11 18

421 18


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No

Yes

Only 10% of CSOs did not cooperate or have contacts with media


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Base: Organizations that had any type of cooperation or contact with media (90% of the target population)

Did you cooperate more easily with local or with major national media?

64 64 63 6371 66 62

54 51 44

12 10 10 1710

1211

15 1615

24 25 26 20 18 22 27 30 3341


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Local media Major media with national coverage About equally

The majority of CSOs (64%) more easily cooperated with local media, while every fourth CSO did it with the national media


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How would you evaluate the general attitude of media towards the CSO sector (considering information about CSOs presented to the public)?

41 4432

46 42 4842 36 33 27

31 2838

28 3226

27 4033

24

3 4 2 23 2

2

26

14 14 17 18 12 1222

14 15

33

Total Cult., med.& recr.

Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

The majority of media are absolutely uninterested, they have neither positive nor negative attitude

The attitude of the majority of media is negative

There are as many media with positive as with negative attitude

The attitude of the majority of media is positive

The majority of CSOs at least partially trust the media: 41% believe that attitude of the majority of media is positive, while 31% believe that there are as many media with negative as with positive attitude


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How would you generally evaluate cooperation between media and the CSO sector in Serbia? – Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

13 14 17 16 13 918

11 1424

46 42

5346

43 4644 52

5752

40 4429

38 43 43 38 3729 24


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified


3


40% of CSOs give cooperation with media high marks, only 13% give it low marks


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Attitude of the Public Towards CSOs


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How would you evaluate the attitude of the environment in which you work towards the CSO sector as a whole? – Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

15 1422 21

12 1120 23

1421

4641

44 3948 47

4050

59 42

3946

34 39 40 41 4027 27

36


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Positiveattitude(marks4+5)

3

Negativeattitude(marks1+2)

The attitude of the environment in which they work towards the CSO sector as a whole is mainly given a median mark (46%); however, there are considerably more positive (39%) than negative marks (15%)


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Has the attitude of the environment in which you work changed towards CSOs in the past 3 years?

34 32 3443

33 33 3344

32 27

59 61 5954

61 62 6049

59 64

6 7 7 2 5 5 7 7 9 9


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

It is worse

It is thesame

It is better

Close to 60% of CSOs evaluate that in the past 3 years the attitude of the environment towards the CSO sector has not changed, while 34% believe that it has changed for better


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Does your organization have a strategy for public relations?

40 44 38 41 37 4131

47

3042

60 56 62 57 62 5969

52

7058


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No

Yes

60% of CSOs do not have a public relations strategy


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49

Financial Stability – Source of Financing


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Please specify percentual share of the financing method of your organization in 2011

13 12 6 1023

6 8 122

12

31 29 43 35

28

22

36

56

16

31

2319

19 21 16

37

25

9

45

37

1211

157 13 14

136 713

17

11

129 15 13 14

11 77 10

59

96 5 3

6 61 1 6 2 1 1 1 1

18

2


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

GiftsVoluntary contributionsWe volunteerSelf-financing activities (business activities, rendering contract-based services)Memberships We are financed on the basis of projects We have general (institutional) support

On average, the largest percentual share originates from financing based on projects (31%) and membership (23%), while the smallest originates from institutional support (13%); however, variations between different areas are big


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What is the percentual share of each financing source of your organization in 2011?

41 43 39 3830

5843

21

67

45

20 2418 19 30

13

16

12

6

20

12 7 17 11 7

6 19

43

5 108 5 7

11 144

4 9 108 8 8 8 8 6

11 89

56 85 7 6 5

2 4 63 2 4 4 54 32 3 5 2 2 21 2

16 8 5 7 6 5 2 4 64


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Business sector (enterprises, firms)Provincial Government CitizensBusiness sector (companies, firms)Domestic donor organizations Ministry International donor organizations Local administrationSelf-financing (membership fees, providing services...)

On average, the largest percentual share originates from self- financing (41%), financing by local administration (20%) and financing by international donors (12%)


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How would you evaluate the present financial situation of your organization? – Marks range from 1 to 5, like at school

4554

46 43 41 47 44 38 4455

3632

37 41 3934

24 4139

30

17 13 16 15 17 1629

20 17 15


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Good(marks 4+5)

3

Poor(marks 1+2)

45% of CSOs evaluate the financial situation of their organizations as poor, and only 17% as good


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Have you provided funds for the work of your organization in 2011?

3727

3541 41

34 4048 47

33

4249

4141 42

42 31

36 38

45

20 23 2316 16

23 2916 15

21


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No, not at all

Only for apart of theyear, not forthe entireyear

Yes, for theentire year

Only 37% of CSOs have provided for working funds for the entire 2011, while every fifth has not provided funds at all (according to data from June 2011)


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Have you provided funds for the work of your organization in 2012?

7 39 7 11 6 7 4

10

1610

15 18 1513 18

32 25

12

7686

74 74 7380 76

62 64

88


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

No, not atall

Only for apart of theyear, notfor theentire year

Yes, for theentire year

76% of CSOs have not provided working funds for 2012 (according to data from June 2011)


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The Most Important Problems Regarding CSO Sustainability


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In your opinion, how important are the following problems for sustainability of the CSO sector in Serbia ?

57

55

65

77

73

72

62

82

59

63

Negative attitude of the environment, citizens

Poor cooperation with media

Insufficient (undeveloped) cooperation between CSOs

Undevelopment of the CSO sector itself

Undeveloped donorship with individuals

Unstimulating legal regulation

Insufficient cooperation with local authorities

Withdrawal of international donors

Undeveloped donorship in the business sector

Lack of support by the State

% answers “important” (very important + important)

The majority of CSOs agreed that all of the specified problems are important for CSO sustainability, but the greatest importance is given to the support by the State and to relations with donors and local authorities, while the least importance is given to cooperation with media and attitudes of the environment and citizens


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Now, please, rank the same problems by priorities for your organization, regardless of the general conditions in the CSO sector

8

26 25 25

2022

24

15

293033

12

1718

8

13

19

11

1613

15

1211

16

10

14

10

1413

988

22

1199

18

1112

6

10

56

15

4

12910 9

1110

21

79 9

68


Edu. &research



Law, adv. &politics


Notclassified

Lack of support by the State

Insufficient cooperation with local authorities

Undeveloped donorship in the business sector

Withdrawal of international donors

Undevelopment of the CSO sector itself

Unstimulating legal regulations

Lack of support by the State is the most often specified priority problem for one’s organization

Priority problem (rank 1)

Civil society baseline study 2011

Health & Medicine

individual csos

registered csos

data providedby csos

organizations activities

educational activities

number of active persons

primary areas of activities

type of activities