Civil Rights Timeline

CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTS

INTRODUCTION &INTRODUCTION &TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTSTIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS

TERMS TO KNOWTERMS TO KNOW

CIVIL RIGHTS: The right of every CIVIL RIGHTS: The right of every American to vote and receive a fair trial. American to vote and receive a fair trial. To be educated, live, work, and play To be educated, live, work, and play where ever you can afford.where ever you can afford.

SEGREGATION: de jure de factoSEGREGATION: de jure de facto DESEGREGATION / INTEGRATIONDESEGREGATION / INTEGRATION COLORED!!!COLORED!!!

CIVIL WAR AmendmentsCIVIL WAR Amendments

1313 thth: 1865 abolished slavery: 1865 abolished slavery 1414 thth: 1868 established citizenship: 1868 established citizenship and due processand due process 1515 thth: 1870 universal male suffrage: 1870 universal male suffrage

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

1896 US Supreme Court legalizes 1896 US Supreme Court legalizes segregation in the United Statessegregation in the United States

““SEPARATE BUT EQUALSEPARATE BUT EQUAL””

Early Civil Rights LeadersEarly Civil Rights Leaders

W.E.B. DuBois—W.E.B. DuBois—pushed for immediate pushed for immediate civil rights and civil rights and equality. Leader of equality. Leader of NAACPNAACP

Booker T. Booker T. WashingtonWashington

founder of Tuskegee founder of Tuskegee Institute. Institute.

1909 NAACP1909 NAACP

National Association for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Advancement of Colored People C.O.R.E. (1942)C.O.R.E. (1942)

Sit-Ins Sit-Ins James FarmerJames Farmer

WWIIWWII

Double V CampaignDouble V Campaign

19471947

Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier breaks the color barrier in MLBin MLB Brooklyn DodgersBrooklyn Dodgers 4/15=Jackie Robinson 4/15=Jackie Robinson

Day in MLBDay in MLB #42#42 ROY (1947), MVP ROY (1947), MVP

(1949), World Series (1949), World Series Champion (1955), HOFChampion (1955), HOF

1948 1948 Pres. Truman Pres. Truman integrates the militaryintegrates the military

Executive Order Executive Order #9981#9981

1954 Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansasof Topeka, Kansas

Supreme Court rules Supreme Court rules ““separate educational separate educational facilities are inherently unequalfacilities are inherently unequal””. Ends . Ends school segregation.school segregation.

1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to move Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus. A boycott follows, to the back of the bus. A boycott follows, leading to desegregation. leading to desegregation.

1957 Central High School1957 Central High SchoolLittle Rock, ArkansasLittle Rock, Arkansas“The Little Rock Nine”“The Little Rock Nine”

Pres. Eisenhower sends federal troops Pres. Eisenhower sends federal troops after Arkansas governor Orval Faubus after Arkansas governor Orval Faubus uses the National Guard to deny entrance uses the National Guard to deny entrance to African-American students at Central to African-American students at Central High.High.

1960 Sit-ins1960 Sit-ins

College students in Greensboro, NC stage College students in Greensboro, NC stage sit-ins at the Woolworthsit-ins at the Woolworth’’s lunch counters lunch counter

1961 Freedom Rides1961 Freedom Rides

Volunteers, black and white, take buses Volunteers, black and white, take buses into the South to test new desegregation into the South to test new desegregation laws, often meeting with violencelaws, often meeting with violence

Freedom ridesFreedom rides

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHaXo6N_vh8

1962 Univ. of Mississippi1962 Univ. of Mississippi

Pres. Kennedy sends 5000 federal troops Pres. Kennedy sends 5000 federal troops to Mississippi to allow James Meredith, to Mississippi to allow James Meredith, the schoolthe school’’s 1s 1stst African-American student, African-American student, to attend.to attend.

1963 Birmingham, AL1963 Birmingham, AL

Martin Luther King and the SCLC focus on Martin Luther King and the SCLC focus on segregation in Birmingham. Protests segregation in Birmingham. Protests there end in violence, riots, and arrests of there end in violence, riots, and arrests of adults and children.adults and children.

Aug 1963 March on WashingtonAug 1963 March on Washington

200,000 people hear Martin Luther King200,000 people hear Martin Luther King ’’s s ““I Have a DreamI Have a Dream”” speech in Washington. speech in Washington.

19631963 Stand in the Schoolhouse Stand in the Schoolhouse DoorDoor

Gov. George Wallace promises Gov. George Wallace promises ““segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!segregation forever!””

Refuses to desegregate Univ. of AlabamaRefuses to desegregate Univ. of Alabama Stands aside only after being confronted Stands aside only after being confronted

by federal marshals and the Alabama by federal marshals and the Alabama National Guard.National Guard.

1963 Bombing in Birmingham1963 Bombing in Birmingham 1616 thth St. Baptist Church, a bomb explodes St. Baptist Church, a bomb explodes

on a Sunday morning, killing four young on a Sunday morning, killing four young girls.girls.

KKK member seen planting bomb, is KKK member seen planting bomb, is arrested, but found guilty of possessing arrested, but found guilty of possessing dynamite without a permit. dynamite without a permit.

Fined $100 and six months Fined $100 and six months in jail.in jail.

1964 241964 24thth Amendment Amendment

Outlawed poll tax. Black voter registration Outlawed poll tax. Black voter registration begins to increase.begins to increase.

1964 Civil Rights Act1964 Civil Rights Act

Outlaws discrimination based on race.Outlaws discrimination based on race.

1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer

Civil rights activists attempt to register Civil rights activists attempt to register African-Americans to voteAfrican-Americans to vote

1965 Selma March1965 Selma March

Demanding voting rights, 600 protesters Demanding voting rights, 600 protesters plan to march to Montgomery.plan to march to Montgomery.

6 blocks into march, they meet state 6 blocks into march, they meet state troopers armed with nightsticks and tear troopers armed with nightsticks and tear gas.gas.

SELMA, ALABAMASELMA, ALABAMA

19651965

1965 Voting Rights Act1965 Voting Rights Act

In the aftermath of Selma, Pres. Johnson In the aftermath of Selma, Pres. Johnson calls for passage of a voting rights bill.calls for passage of a voting rights bill.

Outlaws literacy tests, estOutlaws literacy tests, est’’d fed. oversightd fed. oversight

Protests—different viewsProtests—different views

KING: Non-violent, KING: Non-violent, passive resistance passive resistance

Influenced by GhandiInfluenced by Ghandi

Black Power: Black Power: proactive, militant, proactive, militant, focus on black pride focus on black pride and African heritage.and African heritage.

Term popularized by Term popularized by Stokely Carmichael of Stokely Carmichael of SNCCSNCC

1965 Malcolm X assassinated1965 Malcolm X assassinated Born Malcolm Little, he learned the ideas of black pride Born Malcolm Little, he learned the ideas of black pride

and self-reliance from his father, a follower of Marcus and self-reliance from his father, a follower of Marcus Garvey and member of the UNIA. Garvey and member of the UNIA.

While in prison, he converted to Islam and joined the While in prison, he converted to Islam and joined the Nation of Islam.Nation of Islam.

Upon release, he changed his name; the X represented Upon release, he changed his name; the X represented the African heritage he would never know.the African heritage he would never know.

He preached the superiority of blacks and separation He preached the superiority of blacks and separation from whites; he scorned Kingfrom whites; he scorned King’’s non-violence saying s non-violence saying black people should use any means to protect black people should use any means to protect themselves.themselves.

Between 1952 and 1963, the Nation of Islam grew from Between 1952 and 1963, the Nation of Islam grew from 500 members to 25,000. 500 members to 25,000.

Malcolm XMalcolm X

In 1964, Malcolm X made a pilgrimage to In 1964, Malcolm X made a pilgrimage to Mecca. After seeing Muslims of different races Mecca. After seeing Muslims of different races treating each other as equals, his views treating each other as equals, his views changed.changed.

At a meeting in Feb. 1965, Malcolm X was At a meeting in Feb. 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated by two members of the Nation of assassinated by two members of the Nation of Islam, although imprisoned for their crime, Islam, although imprisoned for their crime, proclaimed their innocenceproclaimed their innocence..

1965-67 Urban Race Riots – a call 1965-67 Urban Race Riots – a call for economic rightsfor economic rights

Watts (Los Angeles), Detroit, NewarkWatts (Los Angeles), Detroit, Newark

1968 Martin Luther King, Jr 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr assassinatedassassinated

Memphis, TN, King is shot by James Earl Memphis, TN, King is shot by James Earl Ray. He was 39 years old.Ray. He was 39 years old.

Civil Rights TodayCivil Rights Today

Do we face civil rights issues today?Do we face civil rights issues today? Are we a desegregated, equal society?Are we a desegregated, equal society? Are there other groups dealing with civil Are there other groups dealing with civil

rights questions today?rights questions today?