Civil Engineering Construction Techniques

Construction Methods & SequenceShown using 3D Animations & Images.

David H Moloney

3rd June 2016

Brief Description

The purpose of this presentation is to give an understanding of the Methods, Plant and Sequence to construct Civil Engineering projects.

This presentation can be used to engage Stakeholders and to get the Site Teams commitment to the programme.

Also can be used for Induction Training and as a way to capture and share knowledge.

High in Educational Value and easily understood.

Pause to read the details on the slides.

ⓒ David H Moloney

Table of Contents

General Items

Contractor’s Temporary Site Facilities

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Contractors Site facilities comprise:Offices, Canteens, Toilets, Drying Rooms, Stores, Plant Yard, generators and Workshops.

Contractor’s Temporary Site Facilities

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Contractor’s Camp for 8,000 persons

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Sheet Pile Temporary Shaft

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Sheet Pile Temporary shaft is used to enable an excavation for a deep structure.The construction sequence is:Install sheet-piles.Excavate and install bracing.Excavate to final level.Construct concrete structure.Backfill, remove bracing and sheet-piles

Sheet pile Temporary Shaft

ⓒ David H Moloney

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3D Animation to show Sequence

Dewatering

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Construction dewatering is the removal or drainage of

groundwater and or surface / rain water usually by

pumping to keep the works dry.

Dewatering

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Dewatering by Wellpoints

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Water Pollution Prevention

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Pumped and rain water that is contaminated with clay and

silt needs to be treated prior to discharge from site.

Settlement ponds and settlement tanks are two methods

Dewatering by Settlement Lagoon

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Water Pollution PreventionG

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Traffic Management

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Traffic management plans are necessary when working on or beside roads

Traffic Management - Realign Motorway under new Bridges

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Traffic Management - Realign Motorway under new Bridges

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Traffic Management – Divert Live Traffic onto Realigned Carriageway

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Temporary Fence type 1

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Examples of temporary security fences that are higher than the usual


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ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Temporary fence on precast beam for airport.


ⓒ David H Moloney

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Site Hoarding examples

ⓒ David H Moloney

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FalseworkG

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Brief Description

Falsework to support Bridge deck formwork

Geotechnical

Diaphragm Wall Construction - Sequence, Plant & MethodsG

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Brief Description

A diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete wall that is

constructed underground insitu.

A deep narrow trench is excavated in panels and filled

with concrete.

A mechanical grab or cutter suspended from a special

tracked crane is used.

Ground anchors or Bracing used to prevent wall collapsing inwards

Diaphragm Wall Construction - Sequence, Plant & Methods

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Vibro Compaction - Sequence, Plant & Methods

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Vibro compaction is used to compact granular

ground to improve its load bearing capacity and

reduces the seismic liquefaction potential. Used

for the Palm Islands in Dubai.

A vibrator suspended from a crane is used and

inserted to a triangular grid pattern.

Vibro Compaction - Sequence, Plant & Methods

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Stone Columns ⓒ David H MoloneyG

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Brief Description

Stone columns are used to improve the load

bearing capacity of ground.

Top feed vibrators suspended from an excavator or

crane along with loading shovels are used.

The stone columns are constructed to a triangular

grid pattern.

Stone Columns

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Earthworks

Much Shifting

Brief Description

Muck Shifting is the process of moving

large quantities of soil and rock. Ea

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Excavate & Load, Cart, Tip & Return

Brief Description

Cycle Time for 7km haulage distance using an Excavator 45 tonne weight and Dumper with a 40 tonne capacity, the cycle time is 34 minutes

Ea

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7 minutes

14 minutes

3 minutes

14 minutes 7 km

7 km

Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

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Loading & HaulageE

art

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HaulageE

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TippingE

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TippingE

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Spreading & CompactionE

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Spreading & CompactionE

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Mass Haul DiagramE

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Brief Description

Shows the quantities and location of

excavation and fill quantities for

motorway.

Rock - Excavability

Brief Description

The excavability of rock depends

mainly on the rock strength and the

layer thickness. This diagram shows

excavation methods for rock of

various strengths and thicknesses,

with a free face.

ⓒ David H Moloney

Ea

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Rock-breakingE

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Rock-breakingE

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Excavate with Roadheader

Drill & Fit Rock Bolts

Spray Mortar as Lining

Excavators with Rock Breaker& Rock Rotary Cutter

Roadheader

Mining E

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Brief Description

Mining. Rock breaking

underground methods.

Rock Bolts installation

to strengthen the rock

and eliminate rock falls.

Spray mortar to line

rock face.

Dredging & ReclamationE

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Brief Description

Dredging is excavation under water.

Reclamation is filling in water to make land.

Dredging & ReclamationE

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Dredging & Reclamation PlantE

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Diverting Existing Underground Utilities

ⓒ David H Moloney

Ea

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Brief Description

Before digging

establish the location

and route of

underground cables.

Concrete

Concrete Batching Plant David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

Brief Description

Concrete batching plant comprises -

concrete mixer, control cabin, silos for

cement and fly ash, aggregate bins and

conveyor belt system to feed the mixer.

Also aggregate storage bays and water

storage tanks.

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Concrete Batching Plant

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Concrete Batching Plant

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Concrete Batching Plant – Computer Controlled

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Concrete Batching Plant David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

Brief Description

.

The mixing is computer controlled

and has a dynamic screen display,

showing the process. The material

storage capacity is, to match two

days concrete production.

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Concrete Batching Plant on Barge for Marine Piles

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Quarry & Aggregate Production

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Quarry and Aggregate Production. Rock is

blasted free from a quarry face and fragmented.

The blasted rock is crushed and screened to

produce different size ranges of aggregates

Quarry & Aggregate Production

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Quarry - Drilling Holes for Explosives

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Quarry - Placing Explosives in Holes

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Quarry - Blasting

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Aggregate Production

ⓒ David H Moloney

Co

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Reinforcement Cutting & Bending Yard

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Reinforcement in 12 m lengths. Delivery in 3 ton Bundles

Reinforcement Cutting & Bending

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Reinforcement Cutting & Bending

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Reinforcement Cutting & Bending Yard David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

Reinforcement in 12 m lengths. Delivery in 3 ton Bundles Reinforcement cut to length by Shearing Machine

Reinforcement Bent to Shape by Bending Machine Reinforcement that is cut and bent is Bundled for delivery to work site

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Reinforced Wall Construction Sequence

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

The sequence to construct a reinforced concrete wall is as

follows:

Tie the reinforcement.

Erect stop-ends and the wall shutters.

Pour and vibrate the concrete mix.

Remove the shutters after the concrete has hardened.

.

Cycle Time Pour per Day

Reinforced Wall Construction Sequence

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Reinforced Structure Construction Sequence

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

The general sequence to construct a reinforced concrete tank

is as follows-

1. Construct the floor and wall panels in a hit and miss pattern.

2. Construct the floor and wall corners and T shape panels.

3. Construct the roof working outwards from the back.

Reinforced Structure Construction Sequence

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Reinforced Construction Tank, Construction Sequence David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Bridge & Post-tensioningC

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Brief Description

The sequence to post-tension a bridge

deck is as follows;

Fix the ducts and anchorages.

Install the stressing strand.

Concrete the deck.

Stress the strands and lock at

anchorages.

Grout the ducts.

Bridges on ProjectC

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Bridge Concrete DeckC

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Bridge Concrete DeckC

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Bridge Post Tensioning Deck – Install StrandC

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Bridge Post Tensioning DeckC

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Bridge Construction Sequence David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Bridge Construction Stages, Images & TimelineC

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ViaductC

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Brief Description

Shown is the construction of a light rail viaduct where

an overhead gantry was used to lift and place the

precast concrete viaduct segments.

ViaductC

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ViaductC

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ViaductC

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ViaductC

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Quay Wall ConstructionC

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Brief Description

The quay wall is 24 metres high and 2,250 metres

long.

The precast blocks weight up to 180 tonnes. The

coping blocks are cast insitu.

Quay Wall ConstructionC

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Precast Quay Wall BlocksC

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Brief Description

A precast yard for casting, storage and

loading the quay blocks onto barges.

Cycles time to lift blocks of

their casting pads is 4 days

Precast Quay Wall BlocksC

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Breakwater Sea Armour PlacingC

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Brief Description

Shown is the sequence, plant and

methods to construct a breakwater

Breakwater Sea Armour PlacingC

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Precast Sea ArmourC

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Brief Description

Shown is a precast yard to manufacture

concrete precast sea armour

Precast Sea ArmourC

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Tower ConstructionC

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Brief Description

Air Traffic Control Tower constructed

using a jump-up shutter system.

Tower Construction Climbing ShutterC

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Cycle Time 3 Days

Culvert ConstructionC

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Brief Description

Sequence to construct culvert

with head walls.

Culvert ConstructionC

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Pipework

Onshore Gas Pipeline Construction Sequence

Gas Processing Facility

Pip

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Brief Description

Sequence, methods and plant to construct

a gas / oil pipeline across country.

Onshore Gas Pipeline Construction SequenceP

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Pipe-jackingP

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Brief Description

Method for pipe-jacking

The pipes are assembled in the access

shaft and are pushed using a hydraulic

jack..

Pipe-jackingP

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Horizontal Directional DrillingP

ipe

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Brief Description

Horizontal Directional Drilling under a taxiway.

Process

1. A pilot hole id drilled to the designed profile

2. A reamer is pulled back through the hole to enlarge it

3. A pipe string is pulled into the hole.

Directional DrillingP

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Cable LayingP

ipe

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Brief Description

132 kVa Cable laying .

Cable Laying P

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Cable Laying P

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Cable Laying P

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Cable Laying ⓒ David H Moloney

Cable Drum Stand Cable pulled on rollersCable Winch

Cable Drum Unloading Cable on rollers Cable Testing prior to Backfilling

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Pipe Spools FabricationP

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Brief Description

Spools are fabricated from pipes and fittings .

Spool Fabrication on site P

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Pipe Spool Fabrication Workshop P

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Spool Fabrication - Pipe Rolling & Cutting Table P

ipe

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Spool Fabrication Spool Rolling P

ipe

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W. Soule & Company USA

Spool Fabrication - Automatic Welding with Pipe RollingP

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W. Soule & Company USA

Post Weld Heat Treatment

Non Destructive Testing

Cut

Bevel

Fit-up

Weld

NDT

PWHT

Blasting

Painting

Spool Fabrication StepsP

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Spool Fabrication Examples of Application P

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Expansion Loop on Piperack

Slug Catcher

Structural Steel & Miscellaneous

Steel Building Multi-storey

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Sequence to erect a structural steel multi storey

building.

Steel Building Multi-storey

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Structural Steel Building Multi Storey

ⓒ David H Moloney

Step 1 Set-out Grid Lines Step 2 Holding Down Bolts Step 3 Erect 1st level use core for stability

Step 4 Complete 1st Level Step 5 Erect following Levels Step 6 Plumb & Align Structure

3D images to show Construction Sequence.

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Steel Building Single Storey

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Sequence to erect a structural

steel single storey portal building.

Steel Building Single Storey

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Structural Steel Building Single Storey

3D images to show Construction Sequence.

ⓒ David H Moloney

Step 1 Set-out Grid Lines Step 2 Holding Down Bolts Step 3 Erect 1st Bay

Step 4 Erect 2nd Bay Step 5 Erect following Bays

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Steel Storage Tank

ⓒ David H Moloney

Str

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Brief Description

Sequence and methods to construct a

steel circular tank.

Steel Storage Tank

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Steel Circular Storage Tank – Construction ⓒ David H MoloneyS

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Pipe Rack

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Sequence, methods and plant to construct a steel pipe rack

that carriers the pipework and cables between the different

processes in a gas / oil refinery.

Pipe Rack

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Airport Roof Truss

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Brief Description

Roof Truss 190 tonne in weight. Sections welded together on

trestles and the truss is lifted into position.

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Roof Truss Sections Roof Truss Sections assembled on trestles

Trusses weigh 190 tonnes Crane Demag CC 8800

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Airport Roof TrussS

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Piling

Piling Construction - Plant & Methods

Brief Description

Piling Plant, Equipment and Material;

Crawler Crane, Piling Hammer, Temporary Casing,

Piling Rig, Concrete Pump, Concrete Mixer Trucks,

Tremie Pipe and Reinforcement Cage

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Piling Construction - Plant, Methods & SequenceP

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Piling Construction - Plant & MethodsP

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Piling Construction - Vertical PilesP

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Piling Construction - Raking PilesP

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Secant Pile Wall Construction - Sequence, Plant & Methods

ⓒ David H Moloney

Pili

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Brief Description

Sequence, methods and plant to construct a

secant pile underground wall.

Ground anchors or Bracing used to prevent wall collapsing inwardsGround anchors Bracing

Secant Pile Construction - Sequence, Plant & Methods

ⓒ David H Moloney

Pili

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Pile Load Test

ⓒ David H Moloney

Pili

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Brief Description

A jack is used to load the pile in steps and

gauges measure any settlement.

Pile Load Test

ⓒ David H Moloney

Pili

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Roads & Pavings

Asphalt Batching YardR

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Brief Description

Asphalt Batching Yard .


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Road Construction

Brief Description

Sequence, methods and plant to construct a

motorway on a high embankment

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Road ConstructionR

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Road ConstructionR

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Runway Asphalt PavementR

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Brief Description

Sequence, plant and methods to construct a runway


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Runway Asphalt Pavement - MarkingR

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Asphalt Pavement - 4 Pavers in EchelonR

oads &

Pavin

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Brief Description

4 pavers used to minimise lengths of cold joints

Asphalt Pavement - 4 Pavers in EchelonR

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Pavin

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Concrete Slipform PavingR

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Pavin

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Brief Description

Slipform Airport Concrete paving.

Slipform Concrete PaverSpreader

Texturing & Curing

Concrete Slipform Paving – Texturing MachineR

oads &

Pavin

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Concrete Slipform Paving - Slipform MachineR

oads &

Pavin

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Concrete Slipform Paving – Placer / Spreader MachineR

oads &

Pavin

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Concrete Slipform Paving R

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Pavin

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Concrete Slipform Paving – Drilling holes for dowelsR

oads &

Pavin

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Concrete Slipform Paving – Drilling holes for dowelsR

oads &

Pavin

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Runway Concrete PavementR

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Pavin

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Tunnels

TunnelsT

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Brief Description

3D animation showing underground station

and twin tunnels.

TunnelsT

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TunnelsT

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Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

Cutting Head Rotates

Excavated material removed by conveyor belt

Lifting muck to surface with skip

Placing Concrete Segments

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Brief Description

Tunnelling construction methods

Start

Graphic Programme - Timeline & 3D Schematic Tunnel Profile

Tunnel Precast Segments

Brief Description

Process to precast tunnel segments.

Cycle Time Daily

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Tunnel Precast SegmentsT

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Micro Tunnelling

Brief Description

Micro tunnelling is used to dig small tunnels

where a tunnelling boring machine is

controlled from a cabin at ground level

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Micro TunnellingT

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Micro Tunnelling Sequence David H Moloney

ⓒ David H Moloney

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Miscellaneous Works

FencingM

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Brief Description

Fencing.

Sequence of construction;

1. Clear and grade the ground.

2. Fix corner and straining posts.

3. Fix intermediate posts.

4. Fix line wire, chain-link and razor wire.

5. Construct concrete ground beam

FencingM

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FencingM

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FencingM

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FencingM

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Cranes LiftM

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Brief Description

Lifting a large column / vessel from the horizontal and rotate into the vertical using two cranes.

Cranes LiftM

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Gas Processing Facility

Erect Flares / Columns & Vessels - 3D SimulationM

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Climbing Tower CranesM

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Brief Description

A climbing tower crane lifts itself up using a climbing

attachment with hydraulic jacks that surrounds the

mast.

The climbing attachment lifts itself up off the erected

mast and inserts a new mast section.


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Airplane Wingtip ClearanceM

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Brief Description

Regulation distances shown

for wingtip clearance.

Airplane Wingtip ClearanceM

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Taxiway Reconstruction AirsideM

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Brief Description

Regulations regarding working adjacent to

a live runway.


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Airfield Ground LightsM

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Jig to Level Pot


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ILS Localiser Antenna & Approach LightsM

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Approach LightsM

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Approach LightsM

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ILS Glide Path AntennaM

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Progress Monitoring & Administration

Progress Monitoring & Reporting - Dashboard

ⓒ David H Moloney

Brief Description

Dashboard is a single page, graphical representation of current progress and historical trends

Histogram Charts for Resources & Outputs

Manpower per Discipline

Concrete per Location

Man-hours for each month of the Project

Quantity for each month of the Project

ⓒ David H Moloney

Brief Description

Histograms shows resources etc. for each month of a project.

Plant & Equipment List & Worker’s Job Titles

ⓒ David H Moloney

Daily Work Record

Brief Description

Daily Work Records showing the

allocation of resources, materials and

work activities carried out daily.

Organogram

Brief Description

Shown are the line and

lateral relationships

between the various team

members and their relative

position in the site

organisation.

Staff Directory

Brief Description

List of staff and their

contact details

Time Chainage Diagram

Brief Description

The chart has two axis: one for time and the other for location

A legend explains meaning of the colours, symbols and line types

Legend

Production by David H Moloney

My YouTube Channel link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJR9J7svhBd-C0ZoAH2fhQ

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJR9J7svhBd-C0ZoAH2fhQ