civil engineer

Fundamentals of GIS

GIS Applications in Civil Engineering

BY

B. RAMBABU

IV B.TECH (CIVIL) II SEM 2009-10H.T. No: 06J61A0119

MCET, KONDAPAK, SIDDIPET, MEDAK (D.T.); A.P. (AFFILIATED TO JNTU, KUKATPALLY, HYDERABAD, A.P.)

Fundamentals of GIS

INTRODUCTIONThere are many fields in Civil Engg where GIS is being employed as a tool to analyze, design and implement effective and efficient solutions.

GIS functionalities have been used in assist in the analysis, selection prioritization and implementation in Civil Engg projects.

Many GIS applications have been developed in Hydrology, Hydraulics, Surveying, Environmental, water resources, Transportation, Geotechnics and other fields in Civil Engg.

Fundamentals of GIS

FRAME WORK FOR GIS IN CIVIL ENGG CURRICULUM

• GIS has been used in the areas of land

management, Transportation system analysis,

planning, travel demand forecasting, Highway

design, infrastructure evaluation, hydrologic/

hydraulic analysis, and modeling, utilities and

infrastructure management, environmental

monitoring, assessment analysis and modeling,

and site selection etc.

Fundamentals of GIS

GIS EDUCATION IN CIVIL ENGG SHOULD INVOLVE

1.Scientific fundamentals of GIS specially geographic and cartographic basis. GIS concepts are such as spacial models, topography, spacial reference, data resolution, data scale cartographic analysis/design/ modeling, regional analysis, network analysis, stastical analysis etc.

2. GIS curriculum in engg needs to address GIS technologies and its IS framework such as database theory and practice, relational and object oriented model, data management queries, spacial index and others etc.

Fundamentals of GIS

GIS uses in Civil engineering1. Data quality issues are one of the major

concerns in civil engg. In this respect data accuracy and precision are critical factors to consider when using the data for civil engg projects.

2. Analytical results cannot have a meaning unless a certain standard for minimum quality of data is met.

3. Accuracy is defined as the degree to which the information on a map or digital data base matches true, real or acceptable values.

4. Accuracy pertains the number of errors in the dataset. Precision refers to the level of measurement and the exactness of attribute descriptions.

Fundamentals of GIS

Civil

Engineerin

g Application

s

• Transportation• Watershed analysis

Fundamentals of GIS

Location-Allocation• Finding a subset of locations from a set of

potential or candidate locations that best serve some existing demand so as minimize some cost• Locate sites to best serve allocated demand• Application areas are warehouse location,

fast food locations, fire stations, schools

Fundamentals of GIS

Other Transportation Applications

• Planning & locating new roadway corridors

(from NCRST-E)

Fundamentals of GIS

Transportation – Emergency Operations

• Transportation maps are critical

• Disaster response plans can be developed

• Outside computer models used for advance warnings

• Land use maps enhance emergency operations

Fundamentals of GIS

Mean Household Evacuation

Time

Standard Deviation in Household Evacuation

Time

Mean Household Evacuation

Time

Standard Deviation in Household Evacuation

Time

(1 exit route) (2 exit routes)

(from NCRST-H)

Evacuation scenario

Fundamentals of GIS

Watershed Characterization

• Relate physical characteristics to water quality & quantity

• Data – land use & land cover, geology, soils, hydrographs & topography – related to hydrological properties

Fundamentals of GIS

Watershed Applications

• Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the probability of low-flow events

• Determine flood zones

• Identify high-potential erosion areas

• For example, BASINS, HEC-RAS, MIKE11 models integrated with GIS

Watersheds Land use

Soils types

DEM with drainage network

Hydrologic modelsHydrologic models

USGS empirical method

TR55

Area- Discharge method

ADAPT model

Portage River Basin, Ohio

ADAPT's Hydrological Output for Needles Creek at County Line Rd for 2001

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Days

To

tal d

aily

ru

no

ff (

in)

ADAPT

Pressure Transducer

Fundamentals of GIS

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