-
SYMBOLS ANDABBREVIATIONS
Standardized abbreviations and symbols for the various trades
have been developed by numerous professionalorganizations. These
standard abbreviations and symbols are generally used by architects
and engineers; how-ever, architects and engineers sometimes create
their own symbols and abbreviations to represent materials
andequipment on drawings. If symbols and abbreviations are not
standard, they are usually noted on the drawing.
Some abbreviations for materials, equipment, and titles are
called acronyms. An acronym is an abbreviationformed by using the
first letter of each word. Some examples of acronyms are CFM (cubic
feet per minute),FPM (feet per minute), BTU (British thermal unit),
and GPM (gallons per minute). ASHRAE is an acronym forthe American
Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Engineers.
VARIATIONS IN ABBREVIATIONSSome single letter abbreviations are
used to represent several different words. The letter R stands for
radius,Rankine, road, room, and thermal resistance. Generally
speaking, the location of the single letter abbreviation indi-cates
what that particular abbreviation stands for.
Some words have more than one abbreviation. The word DOWN can be
written as DWN or DN. Eitherabbreviation is correct, but the
drafter should choose one and then use it throughout the
drawing.
Some abbreviations (single letter or several letters) have a
period after the last letter to eliminate confusionfor the reader.
It is not necessary to place a period after an acronym.
VARIATIONS IN SYMBOLSWhen symbols are drawn by hand, templates
are usually used. Templates are commercially prepared patternsmade
of sheets of plastic with the shapes of various symbols cut out of
the plastic. To insert a symbol at theproper place on the drawing,
the drafter draws around the cut-out portion of the template. If
the symbol is acomplicated one, two or more templates may be
required.
Computer-aided design (CAD) systems have a library of symbols
from which the exact symbol can beselected and plotted on the
drawing. This library contains symbols for various materials and
pieces of equip-ment in each section of drawings (architectural,
plumbing, mechanical, and electrical sections).
In some cases, there is no standard symbol for a material or
piece of equipment. For example, there is nostandard symbol for
EARTH when shown on the plan view of a drawing. When there is no
standard symbol,the drafter notes on the drawing what the material
or equipment is.
Some symbols for the same material are shown differently on
different drawings. For example, when brickis shown on the
elevation views of a building, the drafter usually shows the
brickwork as it will look whenthe wall is complete. The mortar
joints and the brick are shown in true perspective. When drawn on
the floorplan, this brick wall is shown with crosshatching
(parallel lines drawn close together at a 45-degree angle).It is
important for the reader of the drawings to keep these variations
in mind.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 129
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LEGEND AND SYMBOL SCHEDULESIn most cases, the architect and
engineer include a listing of symbols used on the drawings called
the Legendand Symbol Schedule. It is usually placed on the first
drawing of each section of the set of drawings (archi-tectural,
mechanical, plumbing, and electrical). When this schedule is
present, each symbol used in that sec-tion is shown on the schedule
whether it is a standard symbol or one created by the drafter.
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED TOGETHERAbbreviations and symbols
are combined on working drawings to relate information to the
builder.Abbreviations and symbols are used jointly to describe the
sidewall supply register. The arrow indicates thedischarge of
supply air from the register. The air quantity is shown on the
arrow with the abbreviation CFM(cubic feet per minute). A circle,
square, or other symbol is placed at the arrowhead to indicate
which registerto look for in the Register and Grille Schedule. This
kind of combination of symbols and abbreviations is oftenfound on
mechanical plans.
Equipment Schedulesseveral equipment schedules are always
provided on construction jobs, includingthe following:
a. Door scheduleshows all doors used on the job. The door
schedule shows the door size (dimensions),door type, materials used
to construct the door, hardware (hinges and door locks), door
finish, door frames,and other information needed for ordering
doors.
b. Window schedulelike the door schedule, information required
for ordering the windows includes thesize, type of glass, type of
window, information as to the window frame, and so forth.
c. Room finish scheduleeach room in the building is included on
this schedule. Such items are listed as thetype of ceiling,
baseboard, wall treatment (paint or wall covering), and floor
finish (hardwood, treated,painted, carpet, etc.). Special notations
give instructions on the finishes in each room.
d. Symbol scheduleshows symbols and describes them.e.
Abbreviations schedulelists the abbreviations used in the general
construction area along with an
explanation of each abbreviation.f. Other schedulesinclude
kitchen equipment, hospital equipment, laundry equipment, and
special equip-
ment installed in the building under the general construction
contract.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 130
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SYMBOLSWithout the use of symbols, architects cannot showall
necessary information regarding materials, meth-ods, and location
of components.
Types of SymbolsThe types of symbols used include those used in
ele-vation views and those in sectional views. Elevationsymbols are
easily recognized, as they look very muchlike the actual material
or object. An elevation view isa vertical picture of an object
showing the front, side,or rear view of an object, room, or
structure as onewould view it while facing it.
The materials shown in an elevation view appear dif-ferently in
a sectional view. A sectional view shows theobject as if it were
sliced vertically, showing of what theobject would be composed. For
example, a sectionalview of a masonry wall would show the thickness
ofthe joints and the units, how the wall ties are installed,and,
many times, the exact height of the wall.
The mason should be familiar with some of themore common symbols
for the mechanical trades, asthey may affect the work when building
in or aroundcertain equipment. For example, it may be necessary
for the mason to provide for electrical switch boxes,heating
units, or built-in plumbing fixtures. Symbolsand Abbreviations
Figure 3 shows typical electricaland plumbing symbols.
SCHEDULESA schedule, in a set of plans, is a list added
separatelyto the plans that describes such items as windows,doors,
floors, and wall finishes. The mason must beable to recognize and
interpret schedules correctly, orgreat expense could result from
necessary changesmade at the conclusion of the job so that the job
con-forms to the finished schedule.
As mentioned before, windows and doors aredesignated by a number
or letter on plans. The sameletter or number is duplicated in the
schedule, witha brief description of the item. Typical door
andwindow schedules must show their relationship tothe floor
plan.
It should be remembered that schedules consist ofbrief
descriptions; workers must also consult thedrawings and
specifications to obtain all the necessaryinformation. Schedules
help greatly in estimating thecost of a job.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 131
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 132
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 1. Elevation masonry symbols.
Notice both materials used andconstruction details.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 133
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 2. Architectural symbols
showing materials in the sectional view.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 134
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 3. Typical electrical and
plumbing symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 135
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 4. Schedule for a small job,
including information on windows, doors,and lintels.
-
WORDING NOTATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION PRINTSThe architect,
engineer, and drafter are responsible for relaying design
information to the workman or installer.Plans show where the work
is to be performed and what materials are to be used, but
additional instructionsare often needed. This information is
covered by notes. To save space and keep the plan from becoming
clut-tered, notes must be written in precise language.
It is also important to locate the notation in a logical place
on the drawing. The note should be close to thearea where it
applies. Notes are written instructions that tell the types of
materials, sequence of installation,how different members fit
together, equipment usage, how to operate the equipment, and other
pertinentinformation.
To link the note to the object it is referred to, a thin line
called a leader is extended from the beginning orthe end of the
notation to the place where the note applies. The leader usually
starts near the notation andextends to the reference object,
terminating with an arrowhead. The leader is usually drawn straight
out fromthe note and then turned at an angle to the reference
object and arrowhead. Notes should always be located sothat the
leader lines do not cross. Some architects and engineers draw a
freehand leader.
In some cases, notes are too long to place in the location where
they are needed. In that case, the drafter willinsert brief
instructions such as See Note No. 1. These long notes are then
lettered on a blank space on theplan so that the floor plan is not
cluttered.
Most notes are lettered horizontally, but sometimes it is
advantageous to letter the note vertically. Whenvertical notes are
used, they should be readable from the right-hand side of the plan
(Symbols andAbbreviations Figure 5).
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 136
WH
EN N
OTES
ARE
REQ
UIRE
D TO
BE
VERT
ICAL
O
N TH
E PL
AN, T
HEY
ARE
LETT
ERED
SO
THE
Y CA
N BE
REA
D FR
OM
THE
RIG
HT H
AND
END
OF
THE
PLAN
. (THI
S NO
TE IS
AN
EXAM
PLE.
)
TOP BORDER OF PLAN
BOTTOM BORDER OF PLAN
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 5. A vertical note on a
plan.
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OFA NOTE AND A LEADER
Typical note with leader
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MATERIALS SYMBOLSThe drawing of an object shows its shape and
loca-tion. The outline of the drawing may be filled in witha
material symbol to show what the object is made of,Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 9. Many materi-als are represented by one
symbol in elevations andanother symbol in sections. Examples of
such sym-bols are concrete block and brick. Other materialslook
pretty much the same when viewed from anydirection, so their
symbols are drawn the same insections and elevations.
When a large area is made up of one material, it iscommon to
only draw the symbol in a part of thearea, Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 10. Somedrafters simplify this even further by
using a note toindicate what material is used and omitting
thesymbol altogether.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 137
ELECTRICAL ANDMECHANICAL SYMBOLSThe electrical and mechanical
systems in a buildinginclude wiring, electrical devices, piping,
pipe fit-tings, plumbing fixtures, registers, and heating andair
conditioning ducts. It is not practical to drawthese items as they
would actually appear, so stan-dard symbols have been devised to
indicate them.
The electrical system in a house includes wiring aswell as
devices such as switches, receptacles, light fix-tures, and
appliances. Wiring is indicated by lines thatshow how devices are
connected. These lines are notshown in their actual position. They
simply indicatewhich switches control which lights, for
example.Outlets (receptacles) and switches are usually shownin
their approximate positions. Major fixtures andappliances are shown
in their actual positions. A fewof the most common electrical
symbols are shown inSymbols and Abbreviations Figure 11.
Mechanical systemsplumbing and HVAC (heat-ing, ventilating, and
air conditioning)are notusually shown in much detail on drawings
for single-family homes. However, some of the most
importantfeatures may be shown. Piping is shown by lines;
dif-ferent types of lines represent different kinds of pip-ing.
Symbols for pipe fittings are the same basic shapeas the fittings
they represent. A short line, or hashmark, represents the joint
between the pipe and thefitting. Plumbing fixtures are drawn pretty
much asthe actual fixture appears. A few plumbing symbolsare shown
in Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 12.
REFERENCE MARKSA set of drawings for a complex building may
includeseveral sheets of section and detail drawings. Thesesections
and details do not have much meaning with-out some way of knowing
what part of the buildingthey are meant to show. Callouts, called
referencemarks, on plans and elevations indicate where detailsor
sections of important features have been drawn. Tobe able to use
these reference marks for coordinatingdrawings, you must first
understand the numberingsystem used on the drawings. The simplest
numberingsystem for drawings consists of numbering the draw-ing
sheets and naming each of the views. For example,Sheet 1 might
include a site plan and foundation plan;Sheet 2, floor plans; and
Sheet 3, elevations.
On large, complex sets of drawings the sheets arenumbered
according to the kind of drawings shown.Architectural drawing
sheets are numbered A-1, A-2,and so on for all the sheets.
Electrical drawings arenumbered E-1, E-2, and E-3. A view number
identi-fies each separate drawing or view on the sheet.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 6. Types ofdoors and their plan
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 138
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 7. Window symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 139
PLYWOOD
EARTH ROCK STONEFILL
REINFORCINGBARS
STRUCTURALCONCRETE
LT. WEIGHTCONCRETE
BLOCK
EARTH ETC.
STEEL, IRON ALUMINUM STRUCTURALSTEEL
FINISH ROUGH STUD WALL &PARTITION
METAL
STONE
CUT STONE RUBBLE CAST STONE(CONCRETE)
SLATE,BLUESTONESOAPSTONE
COMMON FACE FIRE BRICKON COMMON
GYPSUM INSULATION
PLASTER ONMASONRY
BLOCK METAL STUD& PLASTERPARTITION
PLASTER BOARD& PLASTERPARTITION
LOOSE FILLOR BATTS
BOARDSOR QUILTS
SHEET &PLATE
GLASS
RUBBLESTONE
SQUAREDSTONE
RUNNING BONDMASONRY
STACK BONDMASONRY
SHEETMETAL
GLASS CONCRETEPLASTER
SHINGLES BRICK CERAMIC
PLAN AND SECTION SYMBOLSCONCRETE
ELEVATION SYMBOLS
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 8. Windows and doors can be
measured in several ways.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 9. Material symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 140
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 10. Only part of the area is
covered by the brick symbol, although theentire building will be
brick.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 11. Some common electrical
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 141
SYMBOLS AND ABBRVIATIONS Figure 12. Some common plumbing
symbols.
-
Electric symbols are used to simplify thedrafting and later the
interpreting of the draw-ings. Electrical symbols are not
standardizedthroughout the industry. Most drawings willhave a
symbol legend or list. You must beknowledgeable of the symbols
specifically usedon each project, since designers modify
basicsymbols to suit their own needs. Many symbolsare similar
(circle, square, etc.). The addition ofa line, dot, shading,
letters, numbers, and soforth gives the specific meaning to the
symbol.Learning the basic form of the various symbolsis the best
starting point in developing the abil-ity to interpret the drawings
and their relatedsymbol meanings. Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure
14 lists the most common and recom-mended electrical symbols.
The School Addition drawing E-1, SymbolLegend A-4 contains an
electrical symbol list forthe project. From the symbol list, it can
be seenthat there are duplex receptacles, switches, tele-phone
outlets, special purpose outlets, and firealarm devices mounted at
various heights. Thenthere is the General Note in the Symbol
Legendthat specifies that all mounting heights are to beverified
and modified as directed. This is anexample of why the installer
must becomefamiliar with the drawings and specifications farin
advance of the installation scheduled time.The installer must
request clarification or direc-tion and give the designers
reasonable time toclarify the questionable specified
instructions.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 142
CIRCUITING
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 13. Circuitingsymbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 143
Electrical Reference Symbols
ELECTRICAL ABBREVIATIONS(Apply only when adjacent to an
electrical symbol.)Central Switch Panel CSP
Dimmer Control Panel DCP
Dust Tight DT
Emergency Switch Panel ESP
Empty MT
Explosion Proof EP
Grounded G
Night Light NL
Pull Chain PC
Rain Tight RT
Recessed R
Transfer XFER
Transformer XFRMR
Vapor Tight VT
Water Tight WT
Weather Proof WP
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
Switch Outlets
Single-Pole Switch S
Double-Pole Switch S2
Three-Way Switch S3
Four-Way Switch S4
Key-Operated Switch SK
Switch and Fusestat Holder SFH
Switch and Pilot Lamp SP
Fan Switch SF
Switch for Low-VoltageSwitching System SL
Master Switch for Low-VoltageSwitching System SLM
Switch and Single Receptacle S
Switch and Duplex Receptacle S
Door Switch SD
Time Switch ST
Momentary Contact Switch SMC
Ceiling Pull Switch S
Hand-Off-Auto Control Switch HOA
Multi-Speed Control Switch M
Push Button
Receptacle Outlets
Where weather proof, explosion proof, orother specific types of
devices are to berequired, use the upper-case subscript letters.For
example, weather proof single or duplexreceptacles would have the
uppercase WPsubscript letters noted alongside of the symbol.All
outlets should be grounded.
Single Receptacle Outlet
Duplex Receptacle Outlet
Triplex Receptacle Outlet
Quadruplex Receptacle Outlet
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14. Recommended electrical
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 144
Duplex Receptacle Outlet(Split Wired)
Triplex Receptacle Outlet(Split Wired)
250-V Receptacle Single Phase.Use Subscript Letter to
IndicateFunction (DWDishwasher,RARange, CDClothes Dryer) orNumeral
(with explanation insymbol schedule).
250-V Receptacle Three Phase
Clock Receptacle C
Fan Receptacle F
Floor Single Receptacle Outlet
Floor Duplex Receptacle Outlet
Floor Special-Purpose Outlet
Floor Telephone Outlet (Public)Floor Telephone Outlet
(Private)Example of the use of several floor outlet symbols
to identify a 2, 3, or more gang flow outlet.
Underfloor duct and junction boxfor triple, double, or
singleduct system as indicated bythe number of parallel lines.
Example of use of various symbols to identifylocation of
different types of outlets or connec-tions for underfloor duct or
cellular floor systems.
Cellular FloorHeader Duct
*Use numeral keyed to explanation in drawing list ofsymbols to
indicate usage.
Circuiting
Wiring Exposed (Not in Conduit) EWiring Concealed in Ceiling
or Wall
Wiring Concealed in Floor
Wiring Existing*
Wiring Turned Up
Wiring Turned Down
Branch Circuit Home Runto Panel Board
Number of arrows indicates number of circuits.(A number of each
arrow may be used toidentify circuit number.)
Bus Ducts and Wireways
Trolley Duct
Busway (Service, Feeder, orPlug-in)
Cable Trough Ladder orChannels
Wireway
Panelboards, Switchboards,and Related Equipment
Flush-Mounted Panelboardand Cabinet
Surface-Mounted Panelboardand Cabinet
Switchboard, Power ControlCanter, Unit Substations(Should be
drawn to scale.)
Flush-Mounted Terminal Cabinet(In small scale drawings theTC may
be indicated alongsidethe symbol.)
Surface-Mounted Terminal Cabinet(In small scale drawings theTC
may be indicated alongsidethe symbol.)
J
2 1
*
T T
B B
C C
W W
TC
TC
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued). Recommended
electrical symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 145
Pull Box (Identify in Relation toWiring System Section and
Size.)
Motor or Other Power Controller(May Be a Starter or
Contactor.)
Externally-Operated DisconnectionSwitch
Combination Controller andDisconnection Means
Power Equipment
Electric Motor (hp As Indicated) 1/4Power Transformer
Pothead (Cable Termination)Circuit Element CB
(e.g., Circuit Breaker)Circuit Breaker
Fusible Element
Single-Throw Knife Switch
Double-Throw Knife Switch
Ground
Battery
Contactor C
Photoeletric Cell PE
Voltage Cycles, Phase Ex: 480/60/3
Relay R
Equipment Connection (As Noted) *Note: Use heavy weight line to
identify service and leaders.Indicate empty conduit by notation CO
(conduit only). Note: any circuit without further identification
indicates two-wirecircuit for a greater number of wires, indicate
with cross lines, e.g.:
Neutral wire may be shown longer. Unless indicated otherwise,
thewire size of the circuit is the minimum size required by
thespecification. Identify different functions of wiring system,
e.g.signaling system by notation or other means. Identify by
notation or schedule.
Remote Control Stations for Motorsor Other Equipment
Push Button Station PB
Float Switch (Mechanical) FLimit Switch (Mechanical) LPneumatic
Switch (Mechanical) PElectric Eye (Beam Source)Electric Eye
(Relay)Temperature Control Relay R 3Connection (3 Denotes
Quantity.)Solenoid Control Valve Connection S
Pressure Switch Connection P
Aquastat Connection A
Vacuum Switch Connection V
Gas Solenoid Valve Connection G
Flow Switch Connection F
Timer Connection T
Limit Switch Connection L
LightingCeiling Wall
Surface or Pendant TYPE SWITCHIncandescent Fixture
(PC = Pull Chain)Surface or Pendant Exit Light
Blanked Outlet B B
Junction Box J J3 wires 4 wires
WATTSPC
CIRCUIT
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued). Recommended
electrical symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 146
Recessed Incandescent Fixtures
Surface or Pendant IndividualFluorescent Fixture
Surface or Pendant Continuous-Row Fluorescent Fixture(Letter
Indicating Controlling Switch)
Bare-Lamp Fluorescent Strip*
*In the case of continuous-row bare-lamp flourescent stripabove
an area-wide diffusing means, show each fixture runusing the
standard symbol; indicate area of diffusing meansand type by light
shading and/or by light shading and/ordrawing notation.
Electric Distribution or LightingSystem, Aerial
Pole
Steel or Parking Lot Lightand Bracket
Transformer
Primary Circuit
Secondary Circuit
Down Guy
Head Guy
Sidewalk Guy
Service Weather Head
Electric Distribution orLighting System, Underground
Manhole M
Handhole H
Transformer Manhole TMor Vault
Transformer Pad TP
Underground Direct, Burial Cable(Indicate type, size, and
numberof conductors by notationor schedule.)
Underground Duct Line(Indicate type, size, andnumber of ducts by
cross-section identification of eachrun by notation or
schedule.Indicate type, size, and numberof conductors by notation
orschedule.)
Street Light Standard Feed FromUnderground Circuit
Identify by notation or schedule.
Signaling System Outlets
Institutional, Commercial, andIndustrial Occupancies
I. Nurse Call System Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Nurses Annunciator 1(Adding a number after itindicates number of
lamps,e.g., + 1 24.)
Call Station, Single Cord, 2Pilot Light
Call Station, Double Cord, 3Microphone Speaker
Corridor Dome Light, 1 Lamp 4
Transformer 5
Any Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.) 6
II.Paging System Devices(Any Type)
Basic Symbol
A
Fixture No.Wattage
1100
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued). Recommended
electrical symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 147
Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Master Clock 1
12" Secondary (Flush) 212" Double Dial (Wall Mounted) 318"
Skeleton Dial 4
Any Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.) 5
VI. Public Telephone System Devices
Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Switchboard
Desk Phone
Any Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.)
VII. Private Telephone System Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Switchboard
Wall Phone
Any Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.)
VIII. System Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
1
2
3
1
2
3
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Keyboard 1
Flush Annunciator 2
Two-Face Annunciator 3
Any Other Item on Same System 4(Use Numbers as Required.)
III. Fire Alarm System Devices(Any Type) Including Smoke
andSprinkler Alarm Devices
Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Control Panel 1
Station 2
10" Gong 3
Presignal Chime 4
Any Other Item on Same System 5(Use Numbers as Required.)
IV. Staff Register System Devices (Any Type)Basic Symbol
(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)
Phone Operators Register 1
Entrance Register (Flush) 2Staff Room Register 3
Transformer 4
Any Other Item on Same System(Use Number as Required.) 5
V. Electric Clock System Devices(Any Type)
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (concluded). Recommended
electrical symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 148
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 15. Common plumbing
symbols.
CHECK VALVE (ARROW INDICATES FLOW DIRECTION)
GATE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)
GLOBE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)
BALL VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)
TEE UP (PLAN VIEW)
TEE DOWN (PLAN VIEW)
90 DEGREE FITTING UP (PLAN VIEW)
90 DEGREE FITTING DOWN (PLAN VIEW)
45 DEGREE OFFSET (PLAN VIEW)
P-TRAP (PLAN VIEW)
ALL PIPING RELATED SYMBOLS ARE GENERIC AND DO NOT REPRESENT A
CONNECTION ORMATERIAL TYPE. MANY PLAN VIEWS ARE ALSO USED ON
SECTION AND SIDE VIEW DRAWINGS
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 149
COLD WATER (SINGLE DOT)
HOT WATER (DOUBLE DOT)
HOT WATER RETURN (TRIPLE DOT)
VENT (CONTINUOUS DOTTED LINE)
TANK TYPE TOILET (WATER CLOSET)
BATHTUB
LAVATORY
KITCHEN SINK
SHOWER
URINAL
HOSE FAUCET
CAP
REDUCER
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 16. Common plumbing
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 150
M
J
WP
R
S
S3
CONDUCTOR OR WIRE
CROSSING CONDUCTORS (NOT CONNECTED)
CROSSING CONDUCTORS (CONNECTED)
TERMINAL OR BINDING POST
SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW (SPST) SWITCH
MOTOR
GROUND
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CEILING OUTLET
CEILING OUTLET, RECESSED FIXTURE
JUNCTION BOX
DUPLEX RECEPTACLE
WEATHERPROOF RECEPTACLE
RANGE RECEPTACLE
FLOOR RECEPTACLE
SINGLE POLE SWITCH
THREE-WAY SWITCH
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 17. Common electrical
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 151
or
S
+
-
L
T
P
COMBINATION SWITCH AND RECEPTACLE
DISTRIBUTION PANEL
SERVICE PANEL
SWITCH, DOUBLE THROW (GENERAL)
FUSE
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
LAMP
2 POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (TERMINALS SHOWN)
SINGLE RECEPTACLE
FAN (MOTOR)
HOMERUN
EXIT SIGN
PULL CHAIN
THERMOSTAT
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 18. Common electrical
symbols.
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 152
20
WP
EF
SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER
RETURN AIR DIFFUSER
FLEXIBLE DUCT
90 ELBOW WITH TURNING VALVES
SQUARE TO ROUND TRANSISTION
EXHAUST FAN
PNEUMATIC THERMOSTAT
ELECTRICAL THERMOSTAT
HUMIDISTAT
4' 2' (1.22 M 60.96 CM) TROFFER DIFFUSER
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 20. Common HVAC symbols.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 19. Common electrical
symbols.
SYMBOLS FOR RECEPTACLES HAVING AN ATTACHED ABBREVIATIONINDICATE
DESIGNATION OF RECEPTACLE
WP = WEATHERPROOF GF = GROUND FAULT REF = REFRIGERATORW =
WASHING MACHINE R = RANGE D = DRYER
AMPERAGE RATING MAY ALSO BE ATTACHED TO RECEPTACLE
SYMBOLS.EXAMPLE: 20 = 20 AMPS AND WP = WEATHERPROOF
THIS SYMBOL INDICATES A 20 AMP WEATHERPROOF DUPLEX
RECEPTACLE
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 153
BD
DD
MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER
SUPPLY BRANCH TAKE OFF WITH MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER
DUCT MOUNTED SMOKE DAMPER
BOTTOM FLAT TRANSITION
TOP FLAT TRANSITION
TWO-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER
FOUR-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 21. Common HVAC symbols.
-
WELDING SYMBOLA standard welding symbol and weld symbols have
been developed by the American Welding Society. The sym-bols
developed by the American welding Society are covered in detail in
the units that follow. The standardwelding symbol Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 22 consists of reference line, an arrow, and a
tail. Each
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 154
component has a particular function. The ref-erence line is used
to apply weld symbols andother data, and the arrow connects the
refer-ence line to the joint or area to be welded. Thetail is added
only when needed for the purposeof including a specification
process or otherreference.
The phrase welding symbol refers to thetotal symbol including
all information addedto it to specify the weld(s) required.
Weldsymbol on the other hand, refers to the sym-bol for a specific
type of weld. The weldsymbol is only part of the total
informationthat may be contained in the welding symbol.
The arrow of the welding symbol may beshown with or without a
break. When shownwith a break, the break is made toward themember
of the joint that is to be prepared orshaped, Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 23.Note that if there is no preference as to
whichjoint member is to be prepared, or it is obviouswhich member
is to be prepared, the arrowneed not be shown with a break. The
arrow isalways drawn at an angle to the reference line.It is never
drawn parallel (horizontal) to or inthe same plane as the reference
line.
Multiple arrows may be added to the refer-ence line to show the
same weld required inseveral different locations, as in the case of
agroup of spot or fillet welds, Symbols andAbbreviations Figure
23.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 22. Standardwelding symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 23. Variations inthe
application of the arrow.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 24. Arrow side,other side
locations.
The reference line of the welding symbol also has a particular
significance that remains the same regardlessof the elements added
to it, and it is always drawn horizontal to the bottom of the
print. The lower side of thereference line is termed the arrow side
and the upper side is termed the other side, Symbols and
AbbreviationsFigure 24. It should be noted that the terms, arrow
side and other side apply to the location of the weldwith respect
to the joint. The direction of the arrow has no bearing on the
significance of the reference line(refer to Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 25(a)). The arrow simply indicates a point to
which the signifi-cance of the reference line and its elements are
applied.
-
Multiple reference lines may also be used within the basic
welding symbol, Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure 25(b). Additional
information on multiple reference lines is presented later in this
unit.
LOCATION OF WELD SYMBOLWhen a weld symbol is placed on the
reference line on the lower side of the line, the weld must be made
onthe arrow side of the joint.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 155
(b)
ARROW LINE AND REFERENCE
LINE DRAWN INCORRECTLY
ARROW LINE AND REFERENCE
LINE DRAWN INCORRECTLY
(a)
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 26(a)illustrates the
application of a welding symbol.The element shown on he reference
line is theweld symbol for fillet or . The symbol islocated within
the length or the reference line.In this case, the weld is to be
made on the arrowside of the joint. The significance of the
symbolis illustrated in Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure 26(b). Note
that the vertical leg of thefillet weld symbol is always shown
drawn to theleft of the slanted side of the symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 26. Fillet weld,arrow side.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 27. Filletweld, other side.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 29. Filletweld, other side.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 30. Filletweld, both sides.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 28. Filletweld, arrow side.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 25.Application of multiple
reference lines to thestandard welding symbol.
If the fillet weld symbol is placed on the other side of
reference line, the welding symbol is made as shown inSymbols and
Abbreviations Figure 27(a). Its significance is shown in Symbols
and Abbreviations Figure 27(b).
To summarize, Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 28(a) and Symbols
and Abbreviations Figure 29(a) illus-trate the alternate positions
of the weld symbol on the reference line. The significance of the
welding symbol ineach case is illustrated by Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 28(b) and Symbols and Abbreviations Figure
29(b).
When weld symbols are placed on both sides of the reference
line, the welds must be made on both sides ofthe joint Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 30 and Symbols and Abbreviations Figure
31.
-
ADDITIONAL WELDING SYMBOL ELEMENTSA knowledge of the other
elements added to the welding symbol and their placement is
required before weld-ing symbols on prints can be interpreted
properly.
Each element applied to the basic welding symbol has a standard
location with reference to the componentsof the welding symbol and
to the other elements that are added to it. Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 32illustrates the different elements that may
be added to the welding symbols and where they are located
withrespect to the arrow tail and reference lines.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 156
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 31. Two-joint fillet weld (both
sides of joints).
FINISH SYMBOL
CONTOUR SYMBOL
GROOVE WELD SIZE
DEPTH OF BEVEL; SIZEOR STRENGTH FORCERTAIN WELDS
SPECIFICATION,PROCESS, OROTHER REFERENCE
TAIL (MAY BE OMITTEDWHEN REFERENCEIS NOT USED)
WELD SYMBOL
GROOVE ANGLE; INCLUDED ANGLEOF COUNTERSINK FOR PLUG WELDS
ROOT OPENING; DEPTH OF FILLINGFOR PLUG AND SLOT WELDS
LENGTH OF WELD
PITCH (CENTER-TO-CENTERSPACING) OF WELDS
FIELD WELDSYMBOL
WELD-ALL-AROUNDSYMBOL
SIDE
SBO
TH
ARRO
WSI
DEOT
HER
SIDE
REFERENCELINE
NUMBER OF SPOT, SEAM,STUD, PLUG, SLOT,OR PROJECTION WELDS
ELEMENTS IN THIS AREAREMAIN AS SHOWN WHEN TAIL
AND ARROW ARE REVERSED
WELD SYMBOLS SHALL BE CONTAINED WITHINTHE LENGTH OF THE
REFERENCE LINE
ARROWCONNECTINGREFERENCE LINETO ARROW SIDEMEMBER OFJOINT OR
ARROWSIDE OF JOINT
FAR
S(E)T
L-P
(N)
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 32. The welding symbol, its
elements, and their locations.
-
The specific elements to be applied to the welding symbol to
denote the types of welds are illustrated inSymbols and
Abbreviations Figure 33.
A standard set of supplementary symbols may also be added to the
basic welding symbols, Symbols andAbbreviations Figure 34.
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 35 shows the kinds of basic
weld symbols applied to a welding symboland their location with
respect to the reference line of the basic welding symbol. Note
that all symbols do nothave an arrow side, other side, or both
sides application. Also note that an arrow with a break is
generally nec-essary with bevel and J-groove symbols. In cases
where it is obvious which joint member is to be prepared, anarrow
with a break is not required.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 157
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 33. Basic weld symbols.
R
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 34. Supplementary symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 158
SYM
BO
LS A
ND A
BBRE
VIAT
IONS
Fig
ure
35.B
asic
wel
d sy
mbo
ls an
d th
eir l
ocat
ion
signi
fican
ce o
n th
e re
fere
nce
line.
-
OBSOLETE WELD SYMBOLSWeld symbols are periodically revised to
simplify the shape of the symbol, to consolidate several symbols
intoone, or to create a symbol to specify a newlydeveloped welding
technique.
The weld symbols illustrated in Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure
36 are called obso-lete symbols because they have been replacedby
new symbols. These symbols are not usedon current prints; however,
they are includedfor reference in older prints.
PREFERREDSYMBOLS
Field Weld, Weld-All-Around SymbolsWelds extending continuously
around the jointare indicated by placing the weld-all-aroundsymbol
at the break of the reference arrowline, Symbols and Abbreviations
Figure 37.
Welds not made in the shop are identified asfield welds and are
indicated by placing thefield weld symbol or at the break inthe
reference arrow line. Note that the flag ofthe field weld symbol
may point in eitherdirection with respect to the arrow of the
weld-ing symbol, Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure 38. A field weld
symbol and the weld-all-around symbol may be used together,Symbols
and Abbreviations Figure 38.
CONTOUR AND FINISH SYMBOLSSupplementary contour symbols are used
with the weld symbols to indicate how the face of the weld is to
befinished, Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 39. In addition finish
symbols may be used with contour symbolsto indicate the method to
be used for forming the contour of the weld. Letter designations
are used for thispurpose: C for chipping, G for grinding, M for
machining, R for rolling, H for hammering, and Ufor unspecified.
Applying the letter U to a contour symbol signifies any method of
finish may be used. A stan-dard finish mark or may be applied to
thecontour symbol with a numerical degree of fin-ish shown above
the finish mark, Symbols andAbbreviations Figure 40.
Note that contour and finish symbols areplaced on the same side
of the reference line as the weld symbol. They are located
directlyabove the weld symbol when the weld symbolis on the other
side of the reference line, anddirectly below the weld symbol when
it islocated on the arrow side of the referenceline.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 159
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 36. Obsolete weldsymbols.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 37. Application
ofweld-all-around symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 38. Weld-all-aroundand field
weld symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 39. Contour symbols.
-
The finish symbols commonly used are shown inSymbols and
Abbreviations Figure 40 and Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 41.
However, manufactur-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 160
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 40. Finishsymbols.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 41.Application of finish
symbols.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 42.Specifying more than one
weld.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 43.Designation of weld on
chamfered or beveled members.
ers may use their own designations for finishing. Although the
degree of finish is not included in the AWS stan-dards, many
manufacturers do indicate a desired finish, particularly in the
case of flush welds. An example ofsuch a specification is the
250-microinch finishrequirement shown in Symbols and
AbbreviationsFigure 40. The method of obtaining this finish mayor
may not be indicated.
MULTIPLE WELD SYMBOLSWhen more than one weld is required for a
joint,a symbols is shown for each weld, Symbols andAbbreviations
Figure 42.
DESIGNATION OFMEMBER TO BEBEVELEDCertain welds require that one
of the members of thejoint be beveled before the weld in actually
made. To beprecise, a bevel describes an edge preparation with
a
sharp or feather edge ( ), or with a root face or
land ( ), Machinists make a clear distinctionbetween bevel and
chamfer, but weld fabricators oftensimply apply the term bevel to
both. When a bevel orJ-groove weld symbol (either single or double)
is used,the arrow will point with a definite break toward themember
to be shaped. In Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure 43(a) and (c), the
break in the arrow indicatesthat the upper member of the joint is
to be beveled. InSymbols and Abbreviations Figure 43(b), the
right-hand member of the joint is to be prenared.
DIMENSIONS ONWELDING SYMBOLSThere are definite locations on the
welding symbol for designations of size or strength of the weld,
length of theweld, pitch (center-to-center-spacing), and the number
of welds (in the case of plug, slot, spot, or projectionwelds).
These locations are determined by the side of the reference line on
which the weld symbol is placed,
-
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 44(a) and (b). The location for
the number of spot or projection welds maybe either above or below
the symbol since there may be no arrow side or other side
significance for these symbols.
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 45 shows how dimensions are
applied to symbols. A detailed explana-tion of their application is
presented in later units which refer to specific welds.
DESIGNATION OF SEPCIAL INFORMATIONCertain operations require a
specific welding process, a particular type of electrode, or other
information nec-essary to complete the weld. In this case, a note
can be placed in the tail of the reference line (using
standardwelding abbreviations), Symbols and Abbreviations Figure
46.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 161
(b) LOCATION OF DIMENSIONSWHEN WELD SYMBOL IS ONARROW SIDE OF
REFERENCE LINE
S(E) L-PRA
(N)
GROOVE ANGLE; INCLUDED ANGLE OF COUTERSINK FOR PLUG WELDS
ROOT OPENING OR DEPTH OF FILLING FOR PLUG AND SLOT WELDS
DEPTH OF PREPARATION SIZE OR STRENGTH FOR CERTAIN WELDS
(a) LOCATION OF DIMENSION WHEN WELD SYMBOL IS ON OTHER SIDE OF
REFERENCE LINE
GROOVE WELD SIZE
AR
LENGTH OF WELD
PITCH (CENTER-TO-CENTER SPACING) OF WELDS
NUMBER OF SPOT, SEAMSTUD, PLUG, OR PROJECTIONWELDS
REFERENCE LINE
S(E)
(B
OTH
SID
ES)
AR
RO
WSI
DE
OTH
ER
SID
E
(N)
L-P
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 44. Location of dimensions.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 45. Size dimensions applied to
weld symbols.
-
Note that the term back gouge indicatesremoval of weld metal and
base metal from theother side of a partially welded joint.
Thisensures complete joint penetration when weld-ing the gouged
side of the joint.
There are circumstances when weld symbolsare not added to the
reference line of a weldingsymbol. This may occur when the drawing
per-mits optional joint preparation with only com-plete penetration
specified. This is so indicatedby placing the letters CJP in the
tail of thearrow and omitting the weld symbol, Symbolsand
Abbreviations Figure 46B. A note is addedto the print that
signifies this option.
It should be noted that when the letters CJPare found in the
tail of the arrow, a completejoint penetration weld is required
regardless ofthe type of weld or joint preparation that is
used.
The welding symbol may not always be ade-quate to denote the
weld required, such as forskewed joints (joints that deviate from
astraight line). When this is the case, a cross sec-tion or detail
drawing of the joint and shape ofthe weld is shown on the print.
Data, in theform of notes, may be added to the drawing tofurther
clarify the joint or weld required.Reference is made to the detail
or section draw-ing by a note or notes added to the referenceline
of the welding symbol with an arrow side,other side, or both sides
significance, Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 46B and Symbols
andAbbreviations Figure 46C. In such cases, aweld-symbol is not
shown on the reference line.
A weld symbol may be omitted form the ref-erence line if the
type of joint preparation is notspecified. The weld size is
indicated on thedesired side(s) of the reference line, Symbolsand
Abbreviations Figure 46D.
LOCATION OFTHE WELDINGSYMBOL ONORTHOGRAPHICVIEWSThe welding
symbol can be placed on any of theorthographic views, but is
generally shown onthe view that best illustrates the joint. The
loca-tion of the welding symbol on each view is illus-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 162
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 46A. Specifyingadditional
information in the tail of the welding symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 46B. SpecifyingComplete Joint
Penetration (CJP) in the tail of the weldingsymbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 46C. Applicationof information
to reference line of welding symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 46D. Size ofgroove weld applied
to welding symbol without reference to aweld symbol.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 47. Symbol maybe placed in any
view in the orthographic projection.
trated in Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 47. However, when the
symbol is shown on one view, it is not nec-essary to include it on
any of the other views. In Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 47,
note that the front viewgives the best indication of the joint;
therefore, the symbol should be added to this view.
-
DUPLICATE WELDSTo save drafting time and to reduce drafting
costs, it is common practice to designate similar welds by
additional (multiple) arrows, Symbols andAbbreviations Figure
48(a), or by an indicationplaced in the tail or the symbol, Symbols
andAbbreviations Figure 48(b). It should be noted, how-ever, that
any indication such as 4 places must referto obvious welds. If
there is any doubt where these 4places are on the print, separate
symbols for eachweld should be applied, Note that the
abbreviationTYP for typical may be used to indicate a repetitionof
identical welds and is shown in the tail of thewelding symbol.
MULTIPLE REFERENCE LINESAND THEIR APPLICATIONSAdditional
reference lines may be applied to the basicwelding symbol to show:
(1) a sequence of weldingoperations where the first operation must
be com-pleted before the next can be performed and (2)
sup-plementary data applicable to the weld symbolshown on the first
reference line. Note that the firstreference line is the one
located closest to the arrow,Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 48(a,
b, and c).
When multiple reference lines are applied to thebasic welding
symbol, the weld-all-around and fieldweld symbols may be added to
one or all of the ref-erence lines. Tails may be added similarly,
Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 49.
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 163
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 48A.Sequence of operations
signified by multiple referencelines.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 48B.Application of weld symbols
to multiple reference lines.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 48C.Application of
supplementary data to second referenceline.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 48. Duplicatewelds.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 49.Application of field weld
symbol and tails to multiple ref-erence line.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 164
WELD SYMBOL DIMENSION TOLERANCEA tolerance applicable to a weld
may be shown as a dimension within the tail of the welding symbol,
Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 50AD.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50A. Finishabbreviations, also
called finish symbols.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50B. LetterA used for
identification.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure50C. Suffixes indicating method
of applyingwelding process.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50D. Applicationof weld symbol
dimension tolerance.
Note: AW ARC welding processMA Method used to do welding
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 165
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51. Electrical symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 166
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51 (continued). Electrical
symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 167
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51 (continued). Electrical
symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 168
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51 (continued). Electrical
symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 169
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51 (concluded). Electrical
symbols.
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 170
Material Symbols in Sections
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 171
Plumbing Symbols
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 172
Electrical Symbols
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 173
EARTH
BRICK
CONCRETE
CONCRETE BLOCK
WOODSTUD
STUDSIDING STUD
OR
GLASS OR
GLASS BLOCK
INSULATION OR
Elevation Plan Section
ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS
NOTE: The following are architectural symbols that are
frequently used on construction drawings. Note that
thearchitectural symbols for the same material are often different
in the elevation view, plan view, and section view.
Building Materials
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 174
Elevation Plan Section
FACE BRICKON RUBBLE
FACE BRICK
RUBBLE
FACE BRICK ON CONCRETE BLOCKS
FACE BRICK
CONCRETE BLOCK
FACE BRICK ON STUD WALL
FACE BRICK
SHEET ROCK
STUD SPACE
PLASTER ON MASONRY
MASONRY
PLASTER
METAL STUD WALL STUD
WALL FINISH
STUD PARTITION WALL WOOD STUD
Exterior Walls
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 175
NORTH ARROW N
GRADE POINT
FIRE HYDRANT
MANHOLE MH
TREE
WALK
PROPERTY LINE
FUEL GAS LINE G
CONTOUR LINE
POWER POLEWITH GUY
ELECTRICALSERVICE LINE E
WATER LINE W
FIRE LINE F
Description Symbol Description Symbol
NATURAL GRADE(CONTOUR LINE)NUMBER INDICATESELEVATION IN FEET
ABOVE SEA LEVEL
06
FINISHEDGRADE LINE
06
SITE PLAN SYMBOLS
MECHANICAL SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description Symbol
RECTANGULAR OR SQUARESUPPLY DUCT TURNED UP
RECTANGULAR OR SQUARESUPPLY DUCT TURNED DOWN
RECTANGULAR OR SQUAREEXHAUST DUCT TURNED UP
RECTANGUALR OR SQUAREEXHAUST DUCT TURNED DOWN
ROUND SUPPLY DUCT TURNED UP
ROUND SUPPLY DUCT TURNED DOWN
RECTANGULAR CEILING DIFFUSER
ROUND CEILING DIFFUSER
FLEXIBLE CONNECTION
TRANSITION:FOT = FLAT ON TOP FOT
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 176
Description Symbol Description Symbol
ELECTRIC OPERATEDDAMPER
E.O.D.
FIRE DAMPER
F.D.
SMOKE DAMPER
S.D.
ELECTRIC HEATERIN DUCT
SUPPLY OUTLET WITH SIZE AND AIR QUANTITY SHOWN
12 X 8
200 CFM
DEFLECTOR IN DUCT BEHIND REGISTER OR GRILLE (ARROW INDICATES
DIRECTION OF FLOW)
TURNING VANES IN A SQUARE THROAT ELBOW
TURNING VANES IN A ROUNDTHROAT ELBOW
PLAN VIEW OF TRANSITION
OFF-SET UP IN DIRECTION OF ARROW
DUCT DIMENSIONSFIRST FIGUREIS THE SIDE OF DUCT SHOWN (12 X
10)
ACCOUSTICAL LININGINSIDE INSULATION
BRANCH TAP IN DUCT
SPLITTER FITTING WITH DAMPER
S.D.
VOLUME-DAMPER
V.D.
BACKDRAFT DAMPER
BDD
ACCESS DOOR IN DUCT 10"X 10" SIZE
A.D.10 x 10
PNEUMATIC OPERATEDDAMPER
P.O.D.
THREE-WAY VALVE
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVEOR SAFETY VALVE
SOLENOID VALVE
PIPE TURNED UP (ELBOW)
PIPE TURNED DOWN (ELBOW)
TEE (OUTLET UP)
MECHANICAL SYMBOLS (CONTINUED)
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 177
TEE (OUTLET DOWN)
Description Symbol Description Symbol
BACKFLOW PREVENTER B.F.P.
UNION
REDUCER
CHECK VALVEFLOW
GATE VALVE OR
GLOBE VALVE OR
BALL VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
ANGLE GATE VALVE
ANGLE GLOBE VALVE
PLUG VALVE
FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR
FLOW SWITCH
PRESSURE GAUGE AND COCK
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PLUG
STRAINER, BLOW DOWN
THERMOMETER
THERMOMETER WELL
MECHANICAL SYMBOLS (CONCLUDED)
PIPING SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description Symbol
LOW PRESSURE STEAM LPS
LOW PRESSURE CONDENSATE LPC
PUMPED CONDENSATE PC
FUEL OIL SUPPLY FOS
FUEL OIL RETURN FOR
HOT WATER SUPPLY HWS
HOT WATER RETURN HWR
COMPRESSED AIR A
REFRIGERANT SUCTION RS
REFRIGERANT LIQUID RL
REFRIGERANT HOT GAS RHG
CONDENSATE DRAIN CD
FUEL GAS G
CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CWS
CHILLED WATER RETURN CWR
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 178
Description Symbol Description Symbol
WALL HYDRANT
YARD HYDRANTY.H.
FLUSH VALVE WATER CLOSET
COUNTER-TYPE LAVATORY
METER M
SPRINKLER PIPING S
SPRINKLER HEAD
FLOOR DRAIN F.D.
CLEAN-OUTC.O.
TUB
TANK-TYPE WATER CLOSET
WALL-MOUNTED LAVATORY
URINAL
SHOWER
WATER HEATER WH
MANHOLE MH
KITCHEN SINK (DOUBLE BOWL)
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
PLUMBING PIPE SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description Symbol
PLUMBING VENT LINE
COLD WATER (DOMESTIC)
HOT WATER (DOMESTIC)
HOT WATER RETURN (DOMESTIC)FIRE LINE F
FUEL GAS LINE G
ACID WASTE LINE AW
VACUUM LINE V
COMPRESSED AIR LINE A
BACKFLOW PREVENTER BFP
GATE VALVE OR
GLOBE VALVE OR
CHECK VALVE (ARROW INDICATES DIRECTIONOF FLOW)
SOIL, WASTE OR DRAIN LINE
-
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 179
UNION
PIPE TURNED DOWN
PIPE TURNED UP
TEE OUTLET UP
TEE OUTLET DOWN
TEE OUTLET TO SIDE
REDUCER
PIPE SLEEVE
Description Symbol Description Symbol
PLUMBING PIPE SYMBOLS (CONCLUDED)
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description Symbol
SINGLE CONVENIENCE OUTLET
1
DOUBLE CONVENIENCE OUTLET
CONVENIENCE OUTLETOTHER THAN DUPLEX,TRIPLEX, OR DOUBLEDUPLEX,
ETC.
3, 4
SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET (DESCRIBE INSPECIFICATIONS)
FLOOR OUTLET
FAN OUTLET F
GENERATOR G
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH
DOUBLE-POLE SWITCH 2
THREE-WAY SWITCH 3
FOUR-WAY SWITCH 4
KEY-OPERATED SWITCH K
SWITCH WITH PILOT LIGHT P
WATERPROOF SWITCH
PW
FUSED SWITCH F
GANG OUTLET
R
SWITCH AND CONVENIENCE OUTLET
S
JUNCTION BOX J
LAMP HOLDER L
WALL-MOUNTEDLAMP HOLDER L
CLOCK OUTLET C
LIGHTING PANEL
POWER PANEL
BRANCH CIRCUIT
HOME RUN TO PANEL(NUMBER INDICATES THE NUMBER OF THE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS IN PANEL)
1
BRANCH CIRCUIT(HASH MARKS INDICATENUMBER OF WIRES)
MOTOR OR M
ISOLATING SWITCH
BELL
OUTSIDE TELEPHONE OUTLET
FIRE ALARM BELL F
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SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 180
Description Symbol Description Symbol
FIRE ALARM STATION F
TRANSFORMER T
INSIDE TELEPHONE OUTLET
TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD
BATTERY
GROUND POINTFUSED ISOLATING SWITCH
F
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS (CONCLUDED)
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ABBREVIATION
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 181
Abbreviation Description
C Celsius or DegreesCentigrade
F Degrees FahrenheitA AreaAAC Air Carbon Arc CuttingAAW Air
Acetylene WeldingAB Arc Brazing or Anchor BeltABS Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
StyreneAC Air Conditioning, Arc
Cutting, or AlternatingCurrent
AD Access Door or Area DrainADA Americans with
Disabilities ActADD AddendumAFF Above Finished FloorAG
AbovegroundAGA American Gas AssociationAGGR AggregateAHU Air
Handling UnitAHW Atomic Hydrogen WeldingAIEE American Institute
of
Electrical EngineersAIR COND Air ConditioningAISI American Iron
and Steel
InstituteAL or ALUM AluminumALM AlarmAMP AmpereAOC Oxygen Arc
CuttingAP Access PanelAPI American Petroleum
InstituteAPPD ApprovedAPPROX ApproximateARCH Architect,
ArchitecturalASA American Standards
AssociationASB AsbestosASHRAE American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration andAir Conditioning Engineers
Abbreviation Description
ASHVE American Society ofHeating and VentilatingEngineers
ASME American Society ofMechanical Engineers
ASPH AsphaltASRE American Society of
Refrigeration EngineersASSOC Associate, AssociationASTM American
Society for
Testing MaterialsAT Acoustical TileAVE AverageAW Acid Waste or
Arc WeldingAWG American Wire GaugeAWWA American Water Works
AssociationB Bath, Brine, or BrazingB & S Bell and SpigotB
PL Base PlateB to B or B B Back to BackBA BathroomBB Baseboard or
Block Brazingbbl or BBL BarrelBD Balancing Damper, Board,
or Building DrainBET BetweenBF Back FeedBFP Backflow PreventerBH
Boiler HouseBID BidetBK SH Book ShelvesBKR BreakerBL or BLD LIN
Building LineBLD, BLDG BuildingBLK Black or BlockBLKG BlockingBLO
BlowerBLR BoilerBM Beam or Bench MarkBMAW Bare Metal Arc WeldingBO
Blow-OffBOD Bottom Of Duct
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Abbreviation Description
BOP Bottom of PipeBOT or BOTT BottomBP Blueprint or BypassBR
Bedroom or Boiler RoomBRK BrickBRM Broom ClosetBS Building Sewer or
Bureau
of StandardsBSMT BasementBT BathtubBTR BetterBTU British Thermal
UnitBV Ball Valve or Butterfly
Valve or Branch VentBVL BeveledBWV Back Water ValveC Centigrade,
Hundred,
Center, Courses, orThermal Conductance
C or CL Centerline, Center Line,or Closet
C to C or C C Center to CenterC to F Center to FaceC C Copper by
CopperC C C Copper by Copper by
CopperC F Copper by FemaleC M Copper by MaleC2H2 AcetyleneC4H10
ButaneCAB CabinetCAC Carbon Arc CuttingCAW Carbon Arc WeldingCAW-G
Gas Carbon Arc WeldingCAW-S Shielded Carbon Arc
WeldingCAW-T Twin Carbon Arc WeldingCB Catch Basin or Cinder
BlockCC Cubic CentimeterCEM CementCEM FL Cement FloorCEM MORT
Cement MortarCEM PLAS Cement PlasterCEW Coextrusion WeldingCF or CU
FT Cubic Foot/FeetCFLG Counter FlashingCFM Cubic Feet Per MinuteCFS
Cubic Feet Per SecondCHAN ChannelCHW Chilled WaterCHWR Chilled
Water Return
Abbreviation Description
CHWS Chilled Water SupplyCI or C. I. Cast IronCI or CU IN Cubic
InchCIR CircleCIR BKR Circuit BreakerCK Cast IronCKT CircuitCLG HT
Ceiling Height
Center Line or CenterlineCLKG CaulkingCLNG or CLG CeilingCLR
ClearCM CentimeterCMU Concrete Masonry Unit
(concrete block)CND ConduitCNTR Center or CounterCO Cleanout,
Clean-Out, or
Carbon MonoxideCO2 Carbon DioxideCOD Cleanout DoorCOL ColumnCOM
CommonCOMP Composition, Compression,
or CompanionCONC ConcreteCOND ConductorCONN ConnectionCONST
ConstructionCONT Contact or ContinuousCONTR ContractorCONV
ConvectorCONV ENCL Convector EnclosureCOP CopperCORRUG
CorrugatedCOV CoverCOV PL Cover PlateCP Cesspool, Chrome
Plated,
or Control PointCPM Cycles Per MinuteCPVC Chlorinated
Polyvinyl
ChlorideCR PL Chrome PlatedCRNRS CornersCS Cast Steel, Cast
Stone, or
Carbon SteelCSG CasingCSP Central Switch PanelCTR CenterCU
CopperCU FT Cubic FootCU IN Cubic Inch
CL
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 182
-
Abbreviation Description
CUR CurrentCV or CK V Circuit Vent or Check
ValveCW Cold Water or Cold
WeldingCWP Circulating Water PumpCY or CU YD Cubic YardCYL
Cylinderd Penny (nail size)D Diameter or DryerD S, DS DownspoutDBL
DoubleDC Direct CurrentDCP Dimmer Control PanelDEG, DegreeDET
DetailDF Drinking FountainDFB Diffusion BrazingDFU Drainage Fixture
UnitDFW Diffusion WeldingDH Double HubDIA, DIAM, or DiameterDIAG
DiagramDIF DiffuserDIM DimensionDISC DisconnectDMPR DamperDN DownDO
DittoDP Dampproofing, Deep,
Depth, or Dip BrazingD R Dining RoomDR Door, Drain, or
DrainageDS DownspoutDT Dust TightDW Dishwasher or Dry WellDWG
DrawingDWN, DN DownDWV Drainage Waste and VentE EastE to C or E C
End to CenterE to E or E E End to EndEASP Electric Arc SprayingEBC
Electron Beam CuttingEBW Electron Beam WeldingEBW-HV Electron Beam
Welding
High VacuumEBW-MV Electron Beam Welding
Medium VacuumEBW-NV Electron Beam Welding
NonvacuumECO End Cleanout
Abbreviation Description
EDR Equivalent DirectRadiation
EF Exhaust FanEGW Electrogas Weldingel or EL ElevationELEC
ElectricELEV Elevation or ElevatorEME EmergencyENCL EnclosureENGR
EngineerENT EntranceEP Explosion ProofEQ EqualEQUIP EquipmentESP
Emergency Switch PanelEST EstimateESW Electroslag WeldingEWC
Electric Water CoolerEWH Electric Water HeaterEXC ExcavateEXIST
ExistingEXP Exposed or ExpansionEXP JT Expansion JointEXT
ExteriorEXW Explosion WeldingF DR Fire DoorF EXT Fire ExtinguisherF
to F or F F Face to FaceFAB FabricateFACP Fire Alarm Control
PanelFAI Fresh Air IntakeFB Fixture Branch or
Furnace BrazingFBRK FirebrickFCAW Flux Cored Arc WeldingFCO
Floor CleanoutFCU Fan Coil UnitFD Fire Damper, Floor Drain,
or Fixture DrainFDR FeederFDT FoundationFF Finished FloorFG Fuel
GasFHY Fire HydrantFIG FigureFIN FinishFIN FL Finished FloorFIP
Female Iron PipeFL FlashingFL or FLR FloorFLB Flow BrazingFLG
Flange
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 183
-
Abbreviation Description
FLGD FlangedFLOW Flow WeldingFLR FloorFND FoundationFOB Flat On
BottomFOC Chemical Flux CuttingFOT Flat On TopFOUND or FDN
FoundationFOW Forge WeldingFP Fireplace or Full PortFPM Feet Per
MinuteFPRF FireproofFPS Feet Per SecondFR FontFRW Friction
WeldingFS Floor SinkFT, ' Feet or FootFTG Footing or FittingFU
Fixture UnitFURN FurnishFV Flush ValveFW Flash WeldingG Gas,
Ground, or GroundedGA GaugeGAL GallonGALV GalvanizedGAR GarageGFCI
Ground Fault Circuit
InterrupterGFI Ground Fault InterrupterGI Galvanized IronGL
GlassGL BL Glass BlockGMAC Gas Metal Arc CuttingGMAW Gas Metal Arc
WeldingGMAW-P Gas Metal Arc Welding
Pulsed ArcGMAW-S Gas Metal Arc Welding
Short Circuiting ArcGND GroundGP Gauge PressureGPF Gallons Per
FlushGPH Gallons Per HourGPM Gallons Per MinuteGPS Gallons Per
SecondGR or GRD GradeGT Grease TrapGTAC Gas Tungsten Arc
CuttingGTAW Gas Tungsten Arc WeldingGTAW-P Gas Tungsten Arc
WeldingPulsed ArcGTV or GV Gate Valve
Abbreviation Description
GYP BD Gypsum BoardHB Height (see HGT), Hose
Bib (Bibb), or HorizontalBranch
HC Hollow Core DoorHCW Hollow Core WoodHD Heavy Duty or Hub
DrainHDR HeaderHG MercuryHGT Height (see HB)HHW Heating Hot
WaterHHWR Heating Hot Water ReturnHHWS Heating Hot Water SupplyHM
Hollow MetalHOR or HORIZ HorizontalHP High Point, High
Pressure, or Horse Power(Horsepower)
HPW Hot Pressure WeldingHT or HGT HeightHTG Heater or
HeatingHVAC Heating Ventilation and
Air ConditioningHW Hot WaterHWH Hot Water HeaterHWM High Water
MarkHWR Hot Water ReturnI I Beam or Insulation
(see INS)IB Induction BrazingID Inside DiameterIE Invert
ElevationIN, " Inch or InchesINC IncreaserINFO InformationINS
Insulate, InsulationINSUL InsulationINT InteriorINV InvertIPC
International Plumbing
CodeIPS Iron Pipe SizeIRB Infrared BrazingIW Indirect Waste
or
Induction WeldingJ Junction BoxJCL Janitors ClosetJS Janitor
SinkJSTS JoistsJT JointK Kelvin, Kitchen, or
Kilopound (See KIP)
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 184
-
Abbreviation Description
KIP KilopoundKG KilogramKM KilometerKO Knock OutKS Kitchen
SinkKVA Kilovoltage AmperesKW KilowattKWHR Kilowatt HourL Angle,
Left, or Length
(see LGTH)L or LGTH LengthLAD LadderLAU LaundryLAV LavatoryLB
PoundLB, # PoundLB/CU/FT Pounds Per Cubic FootLBC Laser Beam
CuttingLBC-A Laser Beam CuttingAirLBC-EV Laser Beam Cutting
EvaporativeLBC-IG Laser Beam Cutting
Inert GasLBC-O Laser Beam Cutting
OxygenLBW Laser Beam WeldingLDG LandingLEV LevelLH
Left-HandedLIB LibraryLIN Linen ClosetLIN FT Linear FeetLIQ
LiquidLKR R Locker RoomLOC Oxygen Lance CuttingLP Low PressureLPG
Liquid Petroleum GasLPS Liters Per SecondLR Living RoomLT LightLV
Loop Vent, Low Voltage,
or LouverLW Light WeightLWC Light Weight ConcreteM Meter, Motor,
or
ThousandMAC Metal Arc CuttingMAINT MaintenanceMALL
MalleableMANUF ManufacturerMAS MasonryMATL Material
Abbreviation Description
MAX MaximumMECH MechanicalMED MediumMEZZ MezzanineMFG
ManufacturingMFR ManufacturerMH ManholeMI Malleable Iron and
MileMIN, ' Minimum or MinuteMISC MiscellaneousMLDG MouldingMM
MillimeterMN MainMO Masonry OpeningMOD ModularMR Marble, Mop
ReceptorMRR Mens Rest RoomMS Mop SinkMSS Manufacturers
Standardization SocietyMT Empty, Mens TolietMTG MountingMTL
MetalMV MillivoltN NorthN/F Now or FormerlyN2 NitrogenNAT NaturalNC
Normally ClosedNEC National Electric CodeNFPA National Fire
Protection
AssociationNFWH Non Freeze Wall HydrantNG Natural GasNH No
HubNIC Not In ContractNIP NippleNL Night LightNO Normally Open or
NumberNOM NominalNPS National Pipe SizeNT or NTS Not To ScaleO
OffsetO.H. Door Overhead Dooro/ Overhead or OverO2 OxygenOAW
Oxyacetylene WeldingOC On Center or Oxygen
CuttingOD Outside DiameterOFC Oxyfuel Gas CuttingOFC-A
Oxyacetylene Cutting
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 185
-
Abbreviation Description
OFC-H Oxyhydrogen CuttingOFC-N Oxynatural Gas CuttingOFC-P
Oxypropane CuttingOFF OfficeOFW Oxyfuel Gas WeldingOHW Oxyhydrogen
WeldingOPG OpeningOS&Y Outside Screw and YokeOSB Oriented
Strand BoardOVLD OverloadOZ OunceP&T Pressure and
TemperaturePAC Plasma Arc CuttingPAN, PAL PanelPAW Plasma Arc
WeldingPB LeadPC Plumbing Contractor,
Pre-cast Concrete, or PullChain
PCF Pounds Per Cubic FootPE Plain End or PolyethylenePERF
PerforatedPEW Percussion WeldingPEX Cross Linked PolyethylenePG
Pressure GaugePGW Pressure Gas WeldingPH Phase or Power HousePI
Pressure IndicatorPL PlatePLAS PlasterPLG, PLMG, or PLUMB
PlumbingPL GL Plate GlassPLYWD PlywoodPOC Point of ConnectionPORT
PortablePRCST PrecastPREFAB PrefabricatedPRES PressurePROP
ProposalPRV Pressure Reducing ValvePS Pipe ShaftPSF Pound Per
Square FootPSI Pounds Per Square InchPSIA Pounds Per Square
Inch
AbsolutePSIG Pounds Per Square Inch
GaugePT Pint or Pressure-Treated
LumberPTD PaintedPTN PartitionPVC Polyvinyl Chloride
Abbreviation Description
PW Projection WeldingPWR PowerQTY QuantityR Radius, Range,
Recessed,
or RisersR & L Right and LeftRA Return AirRAD RadiatorRAG
Return Air GrilleRB Resistance BrazingRCP Reinforced Concrete
PipeRD Road or Roof DrainRECIR, RECIRC RecirculateRED Reducing or
ReducerREF RefrigeratorREG RegisterREINF Reinforcement or
ReinforcedREM RemoveREP RepairREQ RequirementRET ReturnREV
RevisionRF Roof or Roof FlashingRGH RoughRGH OPNG Rough OpeningRH
Right-HandRI Rough-inRL Roof LeaderRM RoomROB Run of Bank
(gravel)ROW Right of Way or Roll
WeldingRPM Revolutions Per MinuteRPS Revolutions Per SecondRPZ
Reduced Pressure Zone
ValveRSEW Resistance Seam WeldingRSEW-HF Resistance Seam
WeldingHigh FrequencyRSEW-I Resistance Seam
WeldingInductionRSW Resistance Spot WeldingRT Rain Tight or
RightRTU Roof Top UnitRV Relief Vent or Relief
ValveRW Resistance WeldingRWL Rain Water LeaderS Sink, Sewer,
South, or
SwitchS&P Shelf and Pole
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 186
-
Abbreviation Description
SA Shock Absorber or SupplyAir
SAG Supply Air GrilleSAN SanitarySAW Submerged Arc WeldingSAW-S
Series Submerged Arc
WeldingSCD ScrewedSCH or SCHED ScheduleSCM Square
CentimeterSCRND ScreenedSD Split Damper or Storm
DrainSEC SecondSEW SewerSF Square Foot or Square
FeetSH Shower or Single HubSHT SheetSHTG SheathingSHR or SHWR
ShowerSIM SimilarSIN Square InchSK Sketch or SinkSL Slate or
SlidingSLD SolderSM Square MeterSMAC Shielded Metal Arc
CuttingSMACNA Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning ContractorsNational Association
SMAW Shielded Metal ArcWelding
SO Side OutletSOV Shut-Off ValveSP Soil Pipe or Static
PressureSPEC SpecificationsSPKR, SPR SprinklerSQ or SquareSQ FT
Square FootSQ IN Square InchSQ YD Square YardSS Stainless Steel
(See SST),
Sanitary Sewer, Soil Stack,or Service Sink
SST Stainless SteelSSW Solid-State WeldingSTD StandardSTL
SteelSTY Story
Abbreviation Description
SUP SupplySUPT SuperintendentSV Stack Vent, Safety
Valve, or Service WeightPipe
SW Stud Arc Welding orSwitch
SWBD SwitchboardSY Square YardSYS SystemT Toilet or
TravelT&G Tongue and GrooveT&P Temperature and PressureTB
Torch BrazingTBM Temporary Bench MarkTC Thermal CuttingTCAB Twin
Carbon Arc BrazingTD Trench DrainTEMP TemperatureTG Temperature
GaugeTH Thermostat (see TSTAT)THD ThreadedTHERM ThermometerTHK
ThickTHOLD ThresholdTI Temperature IndicatorTLT ToiletTOC Top of
ConcreteTOD Top Of DuctTP Trap Primer or Tie-in
PointTSTAT Thermostat (see TH)TW Thermit WeldingTYP TypicalUG
UndergroundUH Unit HeaterUL Underwriters LaboratoriesUNFIN
UnfinishedUNO Unless Noted OtherwiseUR UrinalUSS United States
StandardUSSG U.S. Standard GaugeUSW Ultrasonic WeldingUW Upset
WeldingUW-HF Upset WeldingHigh
FrequencyUW-I Upset Welding
InductionV Volt, Vent, or ValveVA Voltage AmperesVAC VacuumVAV
Variable Air Volume
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 187
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Abbreviation Description
VB Vacuum Breaker, Valve Box, or VaporBarrier
VCP Vitrified Clay PipeVCT Vinyl Composite TileVD Volume
DamperVEL VelocityVERT VerticalVEST VestibuleVIF Verify In FieldVOL
Volume, VoltVS Vent ShaftVT Vapor TightVTR Vent Through RoofW West,
Watt, Wire,
Width, or WashingMachine
W & D Washer and DryerWARD WardrobeWB Washer BoxWC Water
ClosetWCO Wall CleanoutWD WoodWDW WindowWH Water Heater, Wall
Hydrant, Weatherhead, or Weephole
Abbreviation Description
WI Wrought IronWM Washing Machine or
Water MeterWP Water Pump, Waterproof,
Weatherproof, orWeatherproofing
WRR Womens Rest RoomWS Waste StackW/ WithWSFU Water Supply
Fixture UnitWT Water Tight, Weight,
Womens TolietWV Wall VentWWP Water Working PressureX SECT Cross
SectionXFER TransferXFRMR TransformerXH or XHVY Extra HeavyXS Extra
StrongX-SECT Cross SectionXXH Double Extra HeavyXXS Double Extra
StrongYD YardYDI Yard Drain InletYH Yard HydrantYLW YellowYR
Year
SECTION 2 / Specifics
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 188
c o n t e n t s: