Civil Affairs Assessment Methodology

USCINCPAC J32 LTC G. E. MILLERUNCLASSIFIED

Civil Affairs Civil Affairs Assessment Assessment MethodologyMethodology


Currency and ProficiencyCurrency and Proficiency

• Generalist/specialist certifications

• Regional orientation

• Language


Review Mission Related Review Mission Related MaterialMaterial

• Identify specified/implied tasks

• Extract task organization

• Identify administrative and logistic

relationships

• Identify command and signal

requirements


Collect CA/CMO Related Collect CA/CMO Related InformationInformation

• Preliminary assessment

• CA database

• Status of non-military organizations and agencies

• Identify possible SMEs for reachback support (to include non-traditional sources)


MethodologyMethodologyMethodologyMethodology

• AssessAssess - Conduct initial assessment (CA-SCOPE) - Conduct initial assessment (CA-SCOPE)• EstimateEstimate - Develop/wargame COAs - Develop/wargame COAs• DecideDecide - Best COA; Develop the CMO plan - Best COA; Develop the CMO plan

((logicallogical Lines of Operations) Lines of Operations) • DetectDetect - Employ CA assets; CMOCs - Employ CA assets; CMOCs• DeliverDeliver - Engage CMO hasty and programmed - Engage CMO hasty and programmed

“targets”“targets”• EvaluateEvaluate - CA/CMO MOEs (BDAs) - CA/CMO MOEs (BDAs)• TransitionTransition - Terminate or transition civil-military - Terminate or transition civil-military

tasks.tasks.


ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCOPE-SCOPE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCOPE-SCOPE))

• AreasAreas of Operation (include key aspects of Operation (include key aspects of the commander’s battlespace)of the commander’s battlespace)- Political boundariesPolitical boundaries- Centers of governmentCenters of government- Open areas for possible temporary Open areas for possible temporary

settlementsettlement- Agricultural and mining regionsAgricultural and mining regions- Other significant geographic and economic Other significant geographic and economic

featuresfeatures


• StructuresStructures include not only traditional include not only traditional HPTs butHPTs but- Cultural sitesCultural sites- Facilities with practical applications-jails, Facilities with practical applications-jails,

warehouses, and schoolswarehouses, and schools- Power plantsPower plants- Water purification plants w/water and sewage Water purification plants w/water and sewage

treatment systemstreatment systems- Radio/TV antennas with the size and listening Radio/TV antennas with the size and listening

area, and times of operationarea, and times of operation

ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA--SSCOPECOPE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA--SSCOPECOPE))


• CapabilitiesCapabilities, , an ally’s or aggressor’s an ally’s or aggressor’s ability to provide servicesability to provide services- Indicators of policingIndicators of policing- Emergency routine/medical servicesEmergency routine/medical services- Temporary sheltersTemporary shelters- Public administrationPublic administration- Re-establishing industrial and agricultural Re-establishing industrial and agricultural

capabilitycapability

ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-S-SCCOPEOPE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-S-SCCOPEOPE))


• OrganizationsOrganizations, , locations and meeting locations and meeting cyclescycles- Key IOs/NGOs (UNHCR, WFP, OFDA…)Key IOs/NGOs (UNHCR, WFP, OFDA…)- Governing bodiesGoverning bodies- Health servicesHealth services- Legal and law enforcementLegal and law enforcement- Religious, fraternal groupsReligious, fraternal groups- Transnational corporationsTransnational corporations- Community watch organizationsCommunity watch organizations

ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SC-SCOOPEPE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SC-SCOOPEPE))


• PeoplePeople, , include key personnel and include key personnel and linkage to the populationlinkage to the population- All the civilians in and outside the AOAll the civilians in and outside the AO- Leaders, figureheads, clericsLeaders, figureheads, clerics- SMEs (Computer and communications SMEs (Computer and communications

specialists, sewage plant operator)specialists, sewage plant operator)- CA force structure CA force structure - Demobilized soldiersDemobilized soldiers

ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCO-SCOPPEE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCO-SCOPPEE))


• EventsEvents, , cycles and seasonscycles and seasons- Harvest and planting seasonsHarvest and planting seasons- Significant weather events (floods)Significant weather events (floods)- ElectionsElections- School year, fiscal yearSchool year, fiscal year- Holidays (religious periods, traditional Holidays (religious periods, traditional

vacation time)vacation time)

ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCOP-SCOPEE))ASSESS (ASSESS (CCAA-SCOP-SCOPEE))


ESTIMATEESTIMATE: : Alternative COAsAlternative COAs

• Participate in collaborative planning

• Develop/war-game COAs

• Prepare mission planning products

• Maintain vertical and lateral communications


Mission Planning ProductsMission Planning Products

• Strive for input from indigenous institutions

• Seek input from International Organizations

and Non-Governmental Organizations

• Provide input and coordinate with related

annexes, such as engineers, logistics,

Information Operations, and interagency

• CA execution matrix


DECIDE:DECIDE: Best COA Best COA

• Develop the CMO plan (Develop the CMO plan (logicallogical Lines of Lines of

Operations)Operations)

• Finalize mission planning products


Civilian Centers of Gravity Civilian Centers of Gravity Civilian Centers of Gravity Civilian Centers of Gravity

Those locations, capabilities, institutions/ people, Those locations, capabilities, institutions/ people, or events from which a threat derives its freedom or events from which a threat derives its freedom of action, physical strength, or will to fight. of action, physical strength, or will to fight. Destruction, neutralization or enhancement of Destruction, neutralization or enhancement of the center of gravity is the most direct path to the center of gravity is the most direct path to victory.victory.


DecisiveDecisive Civil Engagement Point Civil Engagement Point

DecisiveDecisive Civil Engagement Point Civil Engagement Point

A decisive “civil” engagement point is a geographic A decisive “civil” engagement point is a geographic place, specific key event, or enabling system that place, specific key event, or enabling system that allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over the effected populace and greatly influence the the effected populace and greatly influence the outcome of an engagement…Operational art consists outcome of an engagement…Operational art consists in part of selecting from all possible decisive points in part of selecting from all possible decisive points the ones that will enhance the civil center of gravity the ones that will enhance the civil center of gravity the most quickly and efficiently.the most quickly and efficiently.


NCI’s/TCI’sNCI’s/TCI’sNCI’s/TCI’sNCI’s/TCI’s

• Named Civil Interest – An area, structure, capability, Named Civil Interest – An area, structure, capability, organization, person, or event of the effected population organization, person, or event of the effected population upon which activity is expected. Activity or lack of activity upon which activity is expected. Activity or lack of activity within an NCI will help to confirm or deny a particular civil within an NCI will help to confirm or deny a particular civil course of action.course of action.

• Targeted Civil Interest – The area, structure, capability, Targeted Civil Interest – The area, structure, capability, organization, person, or event of the effected population organization, person, or event of the effected population successful interdiction will cause the populace to either successful interdiction will cause the populace to either abandon a particular course of action or require him to use abandon a particular course of action or require him to use specialized support to continue, where he can be acquired specialized support to continue, where he can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Not all TCIs will form part and engaged by friendly forces. Not all TCIs will form part of the friendly course of action; only TCIs associated with of the friendly course of action; only TCIs associated with high-payoff targets are of interest to the staff.high-payoff targets are of interest to the staff.


Disseminate the PlanDisseminate the Plan

• Brief synchronization matrix• Brief aspects to supporting and supported

IO/NGOs


DETECT:DETECT: Establish CMOCsEstablish CMOCs

• First steps: plan and coordinate with non-military First steps: plan and coordinate with non-military organizations organizations

• Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops- Time, Civil Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops- Time, Civil Considerations (METT-TC)Considerations (METT-TC)

• Establish at Multiple Levels (Strategic to Tactical)Establish at Multiple Levels (Strategic to Tactical)


Commander Coalition / Combined

Task Force(CCTF)

C1Personnel

C2Intel

C3Operations

C4Logistics

C5Plans

C6Comms

DCCTF

Personal StaffCoalition

CoordinationCenter(CCC)

Civil-MilitaryOperations

Center(CMOC)

Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination Center(CLCC) Secret – MNF REL

CTF Planning Process(PLANS, FOPS, COPS)

(MNF Top Level Classification)

Shaded Area “ Shared Top Level Classification Info Area

Special Access

Ops(SOF)

Classification:Secret – MNF REL

Classification:Case by Case

MNF REL = MULTINATIONAL RELEASABLE LIAISON & COORD =

Effective Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools)

COS

C7Civil/Mil


CMOC Definition #1CMOC Definition #1

The CMOC is an operations center The CMOC is an operations center formed from CA assets and serves as the formed from CA assets and serves as the primary interface between the US Armed primary interface between the US Armed Forces and the local population, Forces and the local population, humanitarian organizations, NGOs, IOs, the humanitarian organizations, NGOs, IOs, the UN, multinational forces, and other agencies UN, multinational forces, and other agencies of the US Government.of the US Government.

FM 41-10 Appendix H, Feb 2000FM 41-10 Appendix H, Feb 2000


DirectorDirectorDirectorDirector

InformationInformationBranchBranch

InformationInformationBranchBranch Security BranchSecurity BranchSecurity BranchSecurity Branch

AdministrativeAdministrative Section Section

AdministrativeAdministrative Section Section

LogisticsLogisticsSectionSection

LogisticsLogisticsSectionSection

OperationsOperationsOperationsOperations

Liaison OfficerLiaison OfficerFrom Military,From Military,NGO/GO/IO NGO/GO/IO

Liaison OfficerLiaison OfficerFrom Military,From Military,NGO/GO/IO NGO/GO/IO

PlansPlansPlansPlans

Basic CMOC StructureBasic CMOC Structure

Liaison Officer To Military,NGO/GO/IO


CriteriaCriteria

• The CMOC should be given a specific task and The CMOC should be given a specific task and purpose, such as a TASKORD.purpose, such as a TASKORD.

• A METT-TC analysis of this task and purpose will A METT-TC analysis of this task and purpose will determine the exact structure, equipment, manning, determine the exact structure, equipment, manning, location, and operational requirementslocation, and operational requirements

• CA Teams and CA Planning Teams at all command CA Teams and CA Planning Teams at all command levels are tasked with establishing CMOCs to levels are tasked with establishing CMOCs to support CMO at the tactical, operational, and support CMO at the tactical, operational, and strategic levelsstrategic levels..


Inside the WireInside the Wire

Supported Unit’s TOC

Civilian Parking

Military GateControlled Access

G-5

CMOC(Opns/Plans)

CMOC(Admin/Log)

Fighting Positions -


Outside the WireOutside the Wire


Civilian Parking

G-5

Military Entrance GateAccess Controlled

CMOC might be alone orco-located with the HACCor other similar organizations

CMOC(Opns/Plans)

CMOC(Admin/Log)



Mobile CMOCsMobile CMOCs


Civilian Parking

G-5 Town 1

MOBILE CMOC

CMOC(Opns/Plans)

CMOC(Admin/Log)

Military GateControlled Access



As a Coordination CenterAs a Coordination Center

• Develop CMO Annexes / Estimates, Area StudiesDevelop CMO Annexes / Estimates, Area Studies• Acts as a clearing house for all Civilian requests Acts as a clearing house for all Civilian requests

for support from US forcesfor support from US forces• Acts as a clearing house for all NGO/IO and other Acts as a clearing house for all NGO/IO and other

government agencies requesting support from US government agencies requesting support from US forcesforces

• Requests FNS from civilian organizationsRequests FNS from civilian organizations• Eliminates redundancy, prioritizes relief effortsEliminates redundancy, prioritizes relief efforts• Record, archive, and duplicate documentationRecord, archive, and duplicate documentation• Evaluating MOEs (SPHERE standards)Evaluating MOEs (SPHERE standards)• Conducts mediationConducts mediation


Request for AssistanceRequest for Assistance(RFA) Flow(RFA) Flow

IO/NGO/GOIO/NGO/GOIO/NGO/GOIO/NGO/GO

CMOCCMOCCMOCCMOC

SUPPORTEDSUPPORTEDUNITUNIT

SUPPORTEDSUPPORTEDUNITUNIT

CMOCMOSECTION*SECTION*

CMOCMOSECTION*SECTION*

G3/S3G3/S3G3/S3G3/S3

VALID RFAVALID RFAVALID RFAVALID RFA

RFA APPROVAL/RFA APPROVAL/DISAPPROVALDISAPPROVAL

RFA APPROVAL/RFA APPROVAL/DISAPPROVALDISAPPROVAL

IF YES-FRAGOIF YES-FRAGOIF YES-FRAGOIF YES-FRAGO

* * Coordinates, Coordinates, validates, and validates, and prepares FRAGOs for prepares FRAGOs for RFAsRFAs

* * Coordinates, Coordinates, validates, and validates, and prepares FRAGOs for prepares FRAGOs for RFAsRFAs

LOCAL LOCAL NATIONALSNATIONALS

LOCAL LOCAL NATIONALSNATIONALS

HOST NATION,HOST NATION,ALLIESALLIES

HOST NATION,HOST NATION,ALLIESALLIES


Accomplishing the MissionAccomplishing the Mission

• The CMOC continues to monitor the civil The CMOC continues to monitor the civil component of the OAcomponent of the OA

• The CMOC maintains maps/overlaysThe CMOC maintains maps/overlays- Current Friendly/Enemy situationsCurrent Friendly/Enemy situations- Current/Planned DC OperationCurrent/Planned DC Operation- Status of Arts, Monuments, and ArchivesStatus of Arts, Monuments, and Archives

• Charts on-going work requests, logistics, DC Charts on-going work requests, logistics, DC statistics, SITREPSstatistics, SITREPS

• Tracks MOEs and TransitionTracks MOEs and Transition


Items to Maintain the CMOCItems to Maintain the CMOC

• Digital and Video Digital and Video CamerasCameras

• Voice RecordersVoice Recorders• TV/VCR/Satellite TVTV/VCR/Satellite TV• Document ScannersDocument Scanners• Copy MachinesCopy Machines• OE-254 antennaOE-254 antenna• Telephones/answering Telephones/answering

machinemachine• GeneratorGenerator

• Handheld metal Handheld metal detectordetector

• TypewriterTypewriter• Butcher Block EaselsButcher Block Easels• Dry-Erase BoardsDry-Erase Boards• Conference TableConference Table• Mailbox SystemMailbox System• CorkboardCorkboard• Field Safe/DeskField Safe/Desk


Various CMOC MeetingsVarious CMOC Meetings

• A CMOC may sponsor various types of meetingsA CMOC may sponsor various types of meetings

• Information Meetings – CMOC representatives Information Meetings – CMOC representatives provide information to attendees on security provide information to attendees on security environment, status of RFAsenvironment, status of RFAs

• Coordination Meetings – Participants have Coordination Meetings – Participants have decision making authority to coordinate decision making authority to coordinate operations and resources for their particular operations and resources for their particular agencyagency

• Negotiations – CMOC personnel mediate Negotiations – CMOC personnel mediate agreementsagreements


Weekly CMOC ActivitiesWeekly CMOC Activities(Example)(Example)

• Mon – Town Hall Meeting held every Monday at 1400 hours in Mon – Town Hall Meeting held every Monday at 1400 hours in the local church/school to discuss local the local church/school to discuss local

issues/complaintsissues/complaints

• Tue – Radio Iliria Weekly Meeting, 0900 for station staff and the Tue – Radio Iliria Weekly Meeting, 0900 for station staff and the S5 to ensure TF CDR and radio show host are S5 to ensure TF CDR and radio show host are

prepared prepared for possible issue that may arise for possible issue that may arise

- Serb Mayor’s meeting held every Tuesday 1300 - Serb Mayor’s meeting held every Tuesday 1300 hours. Gather all six K-Serb Mayors to discuss/resolve hours. Gather all six K-Serb Mayors to discuss/resolve

issuesissues

• Wed – Four Pillars Meeting – UNHCR, UNMIK, OSCE and Wed – Four Pillars Meeting – UNHCR, UNMIK, OSCE and KDG meet for dinner at TF Dining Facility, discuss KDG meet for dinner at TF Dining Facility, discuss and resolve issues and resolve issues


Deliberate AssessmentsDeliberate Assessments

• Validate the planValidate the plan

• Develop the situationDevelop the situation

• Establish relationships and rapportEstablish relationships and rapport


Refine the Plan and Issue Refine the Plan and Issue FRAGOFRAGO

• Further develop supporting plans for civil Further develop supporting plans for civil Lines of Operations (LOs)Lines of Operations (LOs)

• Validate Measures of EffectivenessValidate Measures of Effectiveness


Execute CA Mission Execute CA Mission ActivitiesActivities

• Focus on end-state objectivesFocus on end-state objectives

• Set conditions for transition of civil-Set conditions for transition of civil-military tasksmilitary tasks


EVALUATE:EVALUATE: Effectiveness Effectiveness

• Evaluate CA mission activities against Evaluate CA mission activities against planned MOEsplanned MOEs

• If MOEs are met, prepare to transition If MOEs are met, prepare to transition CA activities according to the transition CA activities according to the transition planplan

• If MOEs not met, refine the plan and If MOEs not met, refine the plan and issue FRAGOissue FRAGO


Measuring “Civil” BDAMeasuring “Civil” BDAMeasuring “Civil” BDAMeasuring “Civil” BDA

• Engaging sources of strength:Engaging sources of strength:- International support/recognitionInternational support/recognition- Desire for independenceDesire for independence- Cultural identity/traditionCultural identity/tradition- Desire to join Western allianceDesire to join Western alliance

• Engaging sources of vulnerabilities:Engaging sources of vulnerabilities:- Deteriorated infrastructureDeteriorated infrastructure- Lack of public servicesLack of public services- Absence of rule of lawAbsence of rule of law- Lack of democratic legitimacyLack of democratic legitimacy


TRANSITION:TRANSITION: Operations Operations

• Review transition planReview transition plan• Conduct required coordinationConduct required coordination• Refine transition planRefine transition plan• Terminate or transfer CA tasksTerminate or transfer CA tasks• Evaluate results of transitionEvaluate results of transition• Conduct after action reviewConduct after action review• RedeployRedeploy• Monitor transferred tasksMonitor transferred tasks


Review Transition PlanReview Transition Plan

• Identify tasks to be transferredIdentify tasks to be transferred

• Identify transition typeIdentify transition type

- Termination- Termination

- Transfer of Authority- Transfer of Authority

- Transfer to non-military organization- Transfer to non-military organization

• Identify transition timelineIdentify transition timeline

• Identify transition MOEsIdentify transition MOEs


CA Transition Operations CA Transition Operations (continued)(continued)

• Conduct required coordinationConduct required coordination

• Refine transition planRefine transition plan

• Terminate or transfer CA tasksTerminate or transfer CA tasks

• Evaluate results of transitionEvaluate results of transition

• Conduct after action reviewConduct after action review

• RedeployRedeploy


Monitor Transferred TasksMonitor Transferred Tasks

• Check for durability of taskCheck for durability of task

• Watch for potential unintended second Watch for potential unintended second or third order effectsor third order effects

• Prepare to reengage as necessary or Prepare to reengage as necessary or directeddirected

Civil Affairs Assessment Methodology

Documents

operations uscincpac

transition uscincpac

allies uscincpac j32ltc

appendix h9 uscincpac

oathe cmoc

missionthe cmoc

civilian requests

civilian component