Civics: Government and Economics in Action 1 Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile Justice.

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

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Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile

Justice


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Chapter Links

Section 1“Crime in American Society”

Section 2“The Criminal Justice System”

Section 3“The Juvenile Justice System”


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Section Outline:I. The Problem of Crime

II. The Types of Crimes

III. The Causes of Crime

Main Idea:

Thousands of crimes are committed in the United States each year. The crimes, their causes, and what people think the system should do about crime vary.

Key Terms:•Assault•Battery•Burglary•Embezzlement•Treason•Terrorism

Section 1“Crime in American Society”


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The Problem of Crime

• Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Statistics, 2000– More than 10 million property crimes– Nearly 1.5 million violent crimes

• There is generally more crime in urban areas– There is more crime in poor neighborhoods

• Crime makes people afraid


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The Types of Crimes• Crimes against people

– Acts that threaten, hurt, or end a person’s life– Assault: placing someone in fear without actual

physical contact – Battery: placing someone in fear with physical

contact

• Crimes against property– Crimes against property; mostly stealing– Burglary: the illegal breaking into a building– Arson, Vandalism, Robbery, and Larceny


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The Types of Crimes (cont.)• White-collar crime

– Non-violent crimes, often committed by office workers for business or financial gain

– Embezzlement: stealing money that has been entrusted to your care

• Victimless crimes– Examples: drug use, or gambling.

• Crimes against the government– Treason: betrayal of one’s country– Terrorism: use of violence in order to get what they

want from the government or society


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The Causes of Crime

• Poverty• Social Change and Changing Values• Poor Parenting• Drug Abuse• Permissive Courts• Not Enough Money for Police• Violence in the Media• THERE IS NO SINGLE CAUSE!


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2010 Crime Statistics

Location Violent Murder Property Population

Georgia Metro areas

32,383 507 294,205 7,922,112

Non-metro cities

4,098 24 33,555 659,535

Rural Counties

2,591 27 24,919 1,106,006

Wyoming 1,104 8 13,874 563,626

California 164,133 1,809 981,939 37,253,956


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Crime Prevention

• Choose a crime or cause of crime

• Create a poster advertising the prevention of this crime or cause

• Work with 1 partner

• Your group will turn in an illustration and 1 paragraph explaining the advertisement


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Main Idea:

When an adult is arrested, he or she goes through a specific process. The process includes arraignment, indictment, trial, and sentencing or acquittal.

Key Terms:•Probable Cause•Warrant•Bail•Indictment•Arraigning •Plea Bargain•Parole

Section 2“The Criminal Justice System”

Section Outline:I. The Arrest and Pretrial

Process

II. Going to Trial

III. Correctional Institutions

IV. Challenges Facing the System

V. Proposals for Fighting Crime


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The Arrest and Pretrial Process

• The Arrest– Probable Cause: good reason to believe that a

suspect has been involved in a crime.– Warrant: a legal paper, issued by a court, giving

permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search.

• The Preliminary Hearing– Before there is a trial, the prosecutor must show a

judge that there is enough evidence to go ahead with the case.

– Bail is set


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The Arrest and Pretrial Process (cont.)

• Grand Jury– Indictment: a formal charge against the accused– Arraignment: a court hearing in which the defendant

is formally charged with a crime, and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.

– Usually deals with more serious crimes

• Pretrial Motions– Usually concerns evidence that may be used

• Plea Bargaining– Agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser

charge or a lighter sentence.


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Going to Trial• Jury Selection

– Citizens are called to serve on juries– Must decide if the defendant is innocent or guilty

• The Trial– The defendant has the right to a speedy and public

trial. Defendants are also entitled to a lawyer. – Witnesses may be called by the defense or

prosecution attorneys.

• Sentencing– The judge selects a sentence between the maximum

and minimum for that crime.


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Correctional Institutions

• Convicts enter the corrections system– This term is meant to imply that the system will

“correct” the criminal, teaching him not to commit said crime again.

• Parole– Letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or

her sentence outside of a prison.


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Proposals for Fighting Crime

1. Preventing Crime• “Neighborhood Watch” and more police to patrol

2. Being Tougher on Criminals• Mandatory sentences and capital punishment

(death-penalty)

3. Rehabilitation• Trying to teach inmates to live productive lives

when they are released


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Main Idea:

The juvenile justice system was specially designed for troubled youths younger than 18. This system involves a different process and different penalties from those in the adult criminal justice system.

Key Terms:•Delinquent•Status Offender

Section 3“The Juvenile Justice System”

Section Outline:I. Juvenile Courts

II. Juvenile Court Procedure

III. Strengthening Juvenile Justice


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Juvenile Courts

• Juvenile Courts

– Established in Illinois, 1899

– Courts set aside for young people

– Delinquent: a juvenile found guilty of a crime

– Status Offender: a youth who is found guilty with running away, truancy, or disobedience.


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Juvenile Court Procedure

1. Arrest and Intake

2. The Initial Hearing

3. The Adjudicatory Hearing• Takes the place of a trial

4. The Dispositional Hearing• Judge decides on a sentence

5. Aftercare• Each youth is assigned a parole officer


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Strengthening Juvenile Justice

• Community Based Programs

• Diversion Programs

• Preventing Juvenile Crime

Civics: Government and Economics in Action 1 Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile Justice.

Documents

cause of crime

fighting crime

crime prevention

types of crimes crimes

government treason

poor neighborhoods crime

advertisement civics

property crimes