Civics 610 1 LHSCC, P.O. Box 2751, Baton Rouge, LA 70821-2751 Civics 610 Civics 610 ½ Semester Course Textbook: Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and You published by Glencoe, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-874574-4 This textbook was carefully selected to provide you with a course that follows the Civics Comprehensive Curriculum and Grade Level Expectations for the State of Louisiana. A copy of these guidelines may be found on the Department of Education website. As soon as you purchase the textbook, refer to the table of contents. Notice the help sections beginning with Previewing your Textbook. You should scan these sections before starting the course. Also, in the appendix of the book (page 633), you will find additional materials that you may find helpful when taking the course. Finally, Glencoe provides a website with additional resources that you may find helpful. The web address is on the front cover of your textbook (www.civ.glencoe.com ). Preparation of Lesson Assignments: There are eleven graded lessons in this course as well as two exams. Each lesson contains 50 objective style questions that you will answer based on your reading assignment. Throughout the lesson assignment, there will be questions marked DBQ. These questions are to be answered using the chart, graph or cartoon that is given with the question. Lesson Assignment Submission: Lesson Assignments Lesson assignment sheets have been provided for you, in a PDF format. You can type your answers directly onto the lesson assignment sheet and email it back. Follow the directions below: 1. Go to, www.LHSCC.org log into your account to access your course materials. 2. Open the appropriate lesson assignment sheet. 3. Fill in your answers for each of the blanks. Be sure that you are marking your answers in the correct blank. 4. After you have entered all of the answers, save a copy. You will give each lesson a different name (Lesson 1, Lesson 2, etc.)
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____ 25. In a dictatorship, where does the ultimate power come from?
a. the dictator c. the people
b. the police d. representatives
President Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address expressed the rationale for the North’s cause in
the Civil War--the preservation of the United States. Here is how Lincoln ended this great and
historic speech:
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
____ 26. Which famous phrase from the last sentence of the Gettysburg Address refers to the purpose
of the American government?
a. of the people c. for the people
b. by the people d. all of the above
The National Origins Act of 1924, passed by Congress and signed by President Coolidge, limited
the number of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Louis Marshall of the American
Jewish Relief Committee protested the Act in a letter to the President, excerpted here.
This is the first time in the history of American legislation that there has been an attempt to discriminate in respect to European immigration between those who come from different parts of the continent. It is not only a differentiation as to countries of origin, but also of racial stocks and of religious beliefs. Those coming from Northern and Western Europe are supposed to be Anglo-Saxon or mythical Nordics, and to a large extent Protestant. Those coming from Southern and Eastern Europe are of different racial stocks and of a different faith. There are today in this country millions of citizens, both native-born and naturalized, descended from those racial stocks and entertaining those religious beliefs against which this bill deliberately discriminates. There is no mincing of the matter.
____ 27. What does Marshall claim is unique about the National Origins Act?
a. It is the first time Congress has sought to regulate immigration.
b. It is the first time Congress has sought to limit immigration.
c. It specifically mentions excluding members of religious groups.
d. It is the first time a law has been passed that discriminates among European nationalities.
By the late 1970s, as many as 10 million illegal aliens lived in the U.S. President Carter offered
them a limited amnesty (forgiveness). He explained why in a message to Congress.
These aliens entered the U.S. illegally and have willfully remained here in violation of the immigration laws. On the other hand many of them have been law-abiding residents who are looking for a new life and are productive members of their communities. I have concluded that an adjustment of status is necessary to avoid having a permanent 'underclass' of millions of persons who have not been and cannot practicably be deported, and who would continue living here in perpetual fear of immigration authorities, the local police, employers and neighbors. Their entire existence would continue to be predicated on staying outside the reach of government authorities and the law's protections.
____ 28. Why, according to Carter, was amnesty for illegal aliens a good idea?
a. because many illegal aliens had contributed to America
b. because it would be impossible to deport them all
c. because a permanent “underclass” is bad for the nation
d. all of these reasons
In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt worked out a secret “gentlemen’s agreement” with Japan to
limit the immigration of Japanese workers to California. An influx of Japanese labor had worried
American workers, who disliked the competition for jobs. Here is the crux of the agreement:
TO SECTION 1 OF THE IMMIGRATION ACT approved February 20, 1907, a proviso was attached reading as follows:
That whenever the President shall be satisfied that passports issued by any foreign government to its citizens to go to any other country than the United States or to any insular possession of the United States or to the Canal Zone are being used for the purpose of enabling the holders to come to the continental territory of the United States to the detriment of labor conditions therein, the President may refuse to permit such citizens of the country issuing such passports to enter the continental territory of the United States from such other country or from such insular possessions or from the Canal Zone.
____ 29. Under what circumstances was the President empowered to refuse entry to immigrants?
a. when foreign governments requested him to
b. when the number of immigrants adversely affected American workers
c. when the immigrant population exceeded a certain number
d. all of the above
President Harry S Truman vetoed an immigration bill in 1952. In his veto message, he
compared it to the National Origins Act of 1924.
The greatest vice of the present quota system . . . is that it discriminates, deliberately and intentionally, against many of the peoples of the world. The purpose behind it was to cut down and virtually eliminate immigration to this country from southern and eastern Europe. A theory was invented to rationalize this objective. The theory was that in order to be readily assimilable, European immigrants should be admitted in proportion to the numbers of persons of their respective national stocks already here... The idea behind this discriminatory policy was, to put it baldly, that Americans with English or Irish names were better people and better citizens than Americans with Italian or Greek or Polish names. It was thought that people of west European origin made better citizens than Rumanians or Yugoslavs or Ukrainians or Hungarians or Balts or Austrians. Such a concept is utterly unworthy of our traditions and our ideals.
____ 30. Truman felt that the 1924 Act had been ____
a. acceptable in its time, but now outdated.
b. deliberately discriminatory.
c. consistent with American values.
d. all of the above
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. illegal aliens f. terrorism
b. budget g. citizens
c. government h. E pluribus unum
d. free elections i. immigrants
e. deportation j. popular sovereignty
____ 31. community members protected by the government
____ 32. the ruling authority for a community
____ 33. the government’s plan for collecting and spending money
____ 34. people who move permanently to a new country
____ 35. people living in a country without permission
____ 36. term for sending aliens back to their own country
____ 27. What action by Great Britain set off the chain of events that led to the Boston Tea Party?
a. It imposed taxes on tea sent to America.
b. It imposed taxes on tea bought from America.
c. It announced a boycott of American tea.
d. It refused to send tea to America.
The Magna Carta, meaning "Great Charter," was signed by King John of England in 1215. The
document imposed limits on royal power and guaranteed certain rights and freedoms to the English
people. Here is an excerpt from clauses 38-40 of its 63 clauses.
...In future no official shall place a man on trial upon his own unsupported statement, without producing credible witnesses to the truth of it. ...No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.
...To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice.
____ 28. In this portion of the Magna Carta, King John grants ____
In 1765 John Adams wrote a series of articles in the Boston Gazette attacking the Stamp Act, a law
passed by the British Parliament that imposed a tax on paper and documents. At year's end, he
reflected on recent events in his diary.
That enormous engine, fabricated by the British Parliament, for battering down all the rights and liberties of America, I mean the Stamp Act, has raised and spread through the whole continent a spirit that will be recorded to our honor with all future generations. In every colony, from Georgia to New Hampshire inclusively, the stamp distributers and inspectors have been compelled by the unconquerable rage of the people to renounce their offices. Such and so universal has been the resentment of the people, that every man who has dared to speak in favor of the stamps, or to soften the detestation in which they are held, how great soever his abilities and virtues had been esteemed before, or whatever his fortune, connections, and influence had been, has been seen to sink into universal contempt and ignominy.
____ 29. According to Adams, officials employed to administer the Stamp Act have all ____
a. carried out their duties. c. closed their offices early.
b. moved to England. d. resigned their positions.
_____ 30. A written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments is called a ____.
a. constitution c. purchase agreement
b. charter d. writ
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. constitution f. Articles of Confederation
b. Boston Tea Party g. Magna Carta
c. Glorious Revolution h. Stamp Act
d. Declaratory Act i. First Continental Congress
e. Mayflower Compact j. common law
____ 31. document that protected English nobles’ privileges and authority
____ 32. peaceful transfer of power that changed the idea of government in England
____ 33. system of law based on precedent and customs
____ 34. established a tradition of direct democracy still visible in New England today
____ 35. protest that caused Parliament to pass the Coercive Acts
____ 36. formed in response to the Intolerable Acts
____ 37. a detailed, written plan for government
____ 38. the first constitution of the United States of America
____ 39. required colonists to attach tax stamps to newspapers and legal documents
____ 40. stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the American colonies
Missouri asked to be admitted to the Union in 1819 as a slave state. A debate followed in Congress.
Senator Rufus King of New York argued against extending slavery in the territory. In his
arguments, he brought up the three-fifths compromise that delegates to the Constitutional
Convention devised. Selections from Senator King’s speeches follow.
The present House of Representatives consists of 181 members, which are apportioned among the states in a ratio of 1 representative for every 35,000 federal members, which are ascertained by adding to the whole number of free persons three-fifths of the slaves. According to the last census, the whole number of slaves within the United States was 1,191,364, which entitled the states possessing the same to 20 representatives and 20 presidential electors, more than they would be entitled to were the slaves excluded. By the last census, Virginia contained 582,104 free persons and 392,518 slaves. In any of the states where slavery is excluded, 582,104 free persons would be entitled to elect only 16 representatives, while in Virginia, 582,104 free persons, by the addition of three-fifths of her slaves, become entitled to elect, and do in fact elect, 23 representatives, being 7 additional ones on account of her slaves...
The equality of rights, which includes an equality of burdens, is a vital principle in our theory of government...;the departure from this principle in the disproportionate power and influence, allowed to the slaveholding states, was a necessary sacrifice to the establishment of the Constitution. The effect of this Constitution has been obvious to the preponderance it has given to the slaveholding states over the other states....It is an ancient settlement, and faith and honor stand pledged not to disturb it. But the extension of this disproportionate power to the new states would be unjust and odious.
____ 37. Senator King’s primary argument against admitting Missouri as a slave state is ____
a. that slavery is immoral.
b. that the three-fifths compromise should never have been made.
c. that admitting new states as slave states gives them disproportionate power.
d. that “ancient settlements” should be overturned.
The leaders who drafted the Constitution during the summer of 1787 compromised on many issues
and framed a document that has remained in effect for more than 200 years. Ratified in 1789, it is
the oldest written constitution in the world. In Article I, Section 7, the Constitution describes how a
bill becomes a law.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senates shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve; he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law.
____ 38. If the president refuses to sign a bill passed by Congress into law, ____
a. that bill cannot become law.
b. the bill can become law if two-thirds of the members of both houses approve it.
c. the same bill can be resent to the president for approval by the House where it originated.
d. the same bill can be sent to the president for approval by the House that did not originally
send it.
As a result of a landmark Supreme Court decision, the slave Dred Scott was denied the right to sue
for his freedom. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney's majority opinion outraged the North and widened
sectional differences. The following excerpt from Taney's opinion focuses mainly on the Missouri
Compromise.
The Act of Congress, upon which the plaintiff relies, [the Missouri compromise] declares that slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, shall be forever prohibited in all that part of the territory ceded by France, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes north latitude, and not included within the limits of Missouri. And the difficulty which meets us at the threshold of this part of the inquiry is, whether Congress was authorized to pass this law under any of the powers granted to it by the Constitution; for if the authority is not given by that instrument, it is the duty of this court to declare it void and inoperative, and incapable of conferring freedom upon any one who is held as a slave under the laws of any one of the States.
Upon these considerations, it is the opinion of the court that the Act of Congress [the Missouri compromise] which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of the line therein mentioned, is not warranted by the Constitution, and is therefore void.
____ 39. In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was ____
In the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, the U.S. Supreme Court established the "separate but equal"
doctrine as the basis for public facilities, including schools, in the South. Excerpts appear here from
the majority opinion written by Justice Henry B. Brown.
We think the enforced separation of the races, as applied to the internal commerce of the State, neither abridges the privileges or immunities of the colored man, deprives him of his property without due process of law, nor denies him the equal protection of the laws, within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment.
We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.
____ 40. Justice Brown argues that enforced segregation does not ____
a. abridge the privileges or immunities of African Americans.
b. deprive African Americans of property without due process of law.
c. deny African Americans due process of law.
d. all of the above
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. Anti-Federalists f. Benjamin Franklin
b. Bill of Rights g. checks and balances
c. Roger Sherman h. Article I
d. concurrent powers i. Rhode Island
e. Electoral College j. popular sovereignty
____ 41. famous diplomat, writer, inventor, and scientist who attended the Constitutional Convention
____ 42. opposed a stronger central government and chose not to attend the Constitutional Convention
____ 43. headed the committee that came up with the Great Compromise
____ 44. a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
____ 45. objected to the new Constitution’s lack of a bill of rights
____ 46. part of the Constitution that deals with the legislative branch
____ 47. the first 10 amendments to the Constitution
____ 48. the idea that power lies with the people
____ 49. keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful
____ 50. shared by the state and federal governments
Following the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the states in rebellion after January 1, 1863.
Lincoln did not have constitutional power to end slavery in states loyal to the Union.
Whereas, on the twenty-second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever, free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.
____ 32. The Emancipation Proclamation ____
a. granted freedom to all slaves in the United States.
b. granted freedom to all slaves in the Union states.
c. granted freedom to all slaves in the Confederacy.
d. was the Thirteenth Amendment.
With its decision Plessy vs. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court established the "separate but equal"
doctrine as the basis for public facilities, including schools, in the South. Excerpts appear here from
the lone dissenting opinion, by Justice John Harlan.
We have before us a state enactment that compels, under penalties, the separation of the two races in railroad passenger coaches, and makes it a crime for a citizen of either race to enter a coach that has been assigned to citizens of the other race. . . .
The white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country. . . . But in view of the Constitution, in the eye of the law, there is in this country no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens. There is no caste here. Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. . . . It is, therefore, to be regretted that this high tribunal...has reached the conclusion that it is competent for a State to regulate the enjoyment by citizens of their civil rights solely upon the basis of race.
In my opinion, the judgment this day rendered will, in time, prove to be quite as pernicious as the decision made by this tribunal in the Dred Scott case. . . .
____ 33. In his dissent, Justice Harlan predicts that someday the majority decision ____
a. will be compared favorably to the Dred Scott decision.
b. will be compared unfavorably to the Dred Scott decision.
c. will be seen as correct, as the Dred Scott decision is by most in 1896.
d. will be seen as incorrect, as the Dred Scott decision is by most in 1896.
In May 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that segregation in public schools violated the
Fourteenth Amendment. The historic ruling, reversed judicial decisions supporting school
segregation. A portion of the decision follows.
In the first cases in this Court construing the Fourteenth Amendment, decided shortly after its adoption, the Court interpreted it as proscribing all state-imposed discriminations against the Negro race. The doctrine of "separate but equal" did not make its appearance in this Court until 1896 in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, supra, involving not education but transportation. American courts have since labored with the doctrine for over half a century. In this Court, there have been six cases involving the "separate but equal" doctrine in the field of public education. In Cumming vs. County Board of Education, 175 U.S. 528, and Gong Lum vs. Rice, 275 U.S. 78, the validity of the doctrine itself was not challenged. In more recent cases...inequality was found in that specific benefits enjoyed by white students were denied to Negro students of the same educational qualifications. Missouri ex rel. Gaines vs. Canada, 305 U.S. 337; Sipuel vs. Oklahoma, 332 U.S. 631; Sweatt vs. Painter, 339 U.S. 629; McLaurin vs. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637....And in Sweatt vs. Painter, supra, the Court expressly reserved decision on the question whether Plessy vs. Ferguson should be held inapplicable to public education.
____ 34. In this paragraph of Brown v. Board of Education, the Justices ____
a. rule that “separate but equal” is unconstitutional.
b. examine relevant past cases.
c. repeal the Fourteenth Amendment.
d. overturn Plessy.
____ 35. ____ are things we are required to do as citizens.
a. Options c. Responsibilities
b. Exemptions d. Duties
____ 36. Good citizens are concerned about the ____ of all members of the community.
a. status c. welfare
b. opinion d. wealth
____ 37. Americans must be ____ participants if people want their communities to thrive.
a. active c. passive
b. unwilling d. legal
____ 38. What is the practice of offering time and services to others without payment?
a. bureaucracy c. volunteerism
b. impressment d. draft work
____ 39. ____ was launched in 1961 to help people in the poorest corners of the world.
With the American colonies already at war with Britain, Congress felt the need to declare their
independence formally. These are some of the most famous sentences in the Declaration of
Independence.
We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government
____ 40. In this passage, “deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed” most nearly
means ____
a. the power of government comes from the Creator.
b. government is derived from the laws of nature.
c. the people are the source of their government’s power.
d. if the people are strong enough to overthrow the government, they have the right to do so.
Matching: : Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. f. Fourth Amendment
b. bail g. racial profiling
c. civil liberties h. poll tax
d. Nineteenth Amendment i. indictment
e. eminent domain j. petition
____ 41. freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment
____ 42. a formal request
____ 43. protects Americans “against unreasonable searches and seizures”
____ 44. a formal charge by a grand jury, accusing a person of a crime
____ 45. right of the government to take away private property for public use
____ 46. money forfeited if the accused person fails to appear in court
____ 47. money paid before casting a ballot
____ 48. organized boycotts, marches, and demonstrations to promote the civil rights movement
____ 49. being singled out as a suspect because of one’s race or ethnicity
____ 50. protected the right of women to vote in all national and state elections
The leaders who drafted the Constitution during the summer of 1787 compromised on many issues
and framed a document that has remained in effect for more than 200 years. Ratified in 1789, it is
the oldest written constitution in the world. The passage that follows concerns the composition of
the Senate.
Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year; so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
____ 28. Which of the following points is NOT made in the excerpt from the Constitution?
a. Senators must be at least 30 years old.
b. Senators are directly elected by the citizens of their states.
c. Senators will have six-year terms.
d. Senators must be inhabitants of the state that they represent.
In the 1790s, the boundaries of the new republic stretched west to the Mississippi River, north to
the Great Lakes, and south to the Gulf of Mexico. The government worked out a plan for
administering this large territory and providing for its future development into states. Here is an
excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance.
Sec. 3 Be it ordained . . . That there shall be appointed . . . by Congress, a governor, whose commission shall continue in force for the term of three years . . .; he shall reside in the district, and have a freehold estate therein in one thousand acres of land, while in the exercise of his office.
Sec. 4. There shall be appointed . . ., by Congress, a secretary, whose commission shall continue in force for four years . . .; he shall reside in the district, and have a freehold estate therein, in five hundred acres of land, while in the exercise of his office. . . . There shall also be appointed a court, to consist of three judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall have a common-law jurisdiction, and reside in the district, and have each therein a freehold estate, in five hundred acres of land, while in the exercise of their offices.
____ 29. According to the Northwest Ordinance, Congress was to appoint what official(s) for each
new territory?
a. a governor c. judges
b. a secretary d. all of the above
Hoping to stop the British from forcing seamen from American merchant ships into service in the
British Navy, President Jefferson urged Congress to pass an embargo prohibiting all American
export trade. The law proved to be ineffective and harmful to American trade.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That an embargo be, and hereby is laid on all ships and vessels in the ports and places within the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, cleared or not cleared, bound to any foreign port or place; and that no clearance be furnished to any ship or vessel bound to such foreign port or place, except vessels under the immediate direction of the President of the United States: and that the President be authorized to give such instructions to the officers of the revenue, and of the navy and revenue cutters of the United States, as shall appear best adapted for carrying the same into full effect:
____ 30. According to the Embargo Act, which vessels were exempted from the Act?
a. those headed for nations friendly to the United States
b. those under the immediate direction of the president
c. vessels within the jurisdiction of the United States
d. ships carrying food or medicine
Matching: Match each item with the correct statement below.
Prior to the adoption of the Constitution, many people spoke out for or against its adoption. George
Mason was one of these people. Below are excerpts from a pamphlet written by Mason.
There is no declaration of rights: and the laws of the general government being paramount to the laws and constitutions of the several states, the declarations of rights, in the separate states, are no security. Nor are the people secured even in the enjoyment of the benefit of the common law, which stands here upon no other foundation than its having been adopted by the respective acts forming the constitutions of the several states.
In the House of Representatives there is not the substance, but the shadow only of representation; which can never produce proper information in the legislature, or inspire confidence in the people.—The laws will, therefore, be generally made by men little concerned in, and unacquainted with their effects and consequences.
The Senate have the power of altering all moneybills, and of originating appropriations of money, and the salaries of the officers of their appointment, in conjunction with the President of the United States—Although they are not the representatives of the people, or amenable to them. These, with their other great powers, (viz. their powers in the appointment of ambassadors, and all public officers, in making treaties, and in trying all impeachments) their influence upon, and connection with, the supreme executive from these causes, their duration of office, and their being a constant existing body, almost continually sitting, joined with their being one complete branch of the legislature, will destroy any balance in the government, and enable them to accomplish what usurpations they please, upon the rights and liberties of the people.
____ 26. In the passage, George Mason argues that ____
a. the Constitution should not be adopted.
b. the Constitution protected the rights of the states.
c. the Constitution should be ratified.
d. the Constitution would provide for a balance in government.
____ 27. According to Mason, what serious defect did the Constitution have?
a. It lacked a provision for a House of Representatives.
b. It lacked a provision for a Senate.
c. It lacked a declaration of rights.
d. It lacked rules for the appointment of ambassadors.
____ 28. Why was Mason concerned about the House of Representatives as set up by the
Constitution?
a. He thought the House had too much power.
b. He thought the House had too little power.
c. He thought the House would not be truly representative of the people.
d. He thought the Constitution gave too little information about the House.
Here are Sections 1 and 2 of Article 1 of the United States Constitution, which was ratified in
1789,.
ARTICLE I. Sect. 1. ALL legislative powers, herein granted, shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every
second year by all the people of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of
twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be appointed among the several States which
may be included within this Union, according to the respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxes, three fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New-Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantation one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New-Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North-Carolina five, South-Carolina five, and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and
shall have the sole power of impeachment.
____ 29. According to Article I, a representative must ____
a. have been a citizen of the United States for five years.
b. be at least 30 years old.
c. live in the state from which he or she is chosen.
d. be appointed by the president.
____ 30. Article I, Section 2 states that ____
a. the people of each state shall choose members of the House.
b. the governor of each state selects members of the House.
c. each state will have an equal number of representatives.
d. each state will have at least two representatives.