Cityasbiotope A1 Laurave

GROWING GREEN VEINSIN THE GREY STREETSCAPEm a l m ø

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l a u r a _ v eCITY AS BIOTOPEl a u r a @ v e . n o+ 4 7 9 1 3 0 5 1 7 5

m a l m øtrans f o rm ing :

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1 situation one :Møllevångstorget, the marketplaceImportant location in Malmø due to many layers of activity.Main traffik lane; several bus-lines passes. Close by is the second most important bus-connecting sta-tion, after the central station.Meltingpot; the experience of the cultur-al diversity of Malmø is very accessable here.

situation2 :Møllevångens skola, childrens school close to the most important park in Malmø.A location suitable for introducing a neighbourhood urban garden project where neighbours and the children in the school together with the passersby can share a daily experience and interaction in a “garden of delight”-environment.

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3 situation3 :Large parkingspace behind Triangelen shop-pingmall. Becomes a new square and a very important location in Malmø when the city-line (fastrail underground connection be-tween Centralstation and Øresunds bridge is finished. Situation today pays little honour to the church situated here.

3 situation3 :Large parkingspace behind Triangelen shop-pingmall. Becomes a new square and a very important location in Malmø when the city-line (fastrail underground connection be-tween Centralstation and Øresunds bridge is finished. Situation today pays little honour to the church situated here.

situation2 :Møllevångens skola, childrens school close to the most important park in Malmø.A location suitable for introducing a neigh-bourhood urban garden project where neigh-bours and the children in the school to-gether with the passersby can share a daily experience and interaction in a “garden of delight”-environment.

2

1 situation one :Møllevångstorget, the marketplace. Impor-tant location in Malmø due to many layers of activity.Main traffic- lane; several bus-lines passes. Close by is the second most important bus-connecting station, after the central station.Meltingpot; the experience of the cultural diversity of Malmø is very accessible here.

2 sit.two:The today empty space betweenthe school of Møllevången and an apartment building is trans-formed into an urban garden project. An urban space for interaction between residents,children and people passing by. A different place that changes caracter through the day and seasons.The water is cleaned in pools and waterstairs that shoots out be-tween the parcels,filled with dif-ferent sediments and plants that remove pollutants and nutrients washed of the city surface.A long stairway crosses the aera.

1 sit.one:Exstrusive green roofing on all buildings surrounding the marketplace.Water and bike-/pedestrian paths pass the square. All the runoff is cleaned locally around thebuildings (small private projects)and then pass through a medium sized pond, with a fountain to keep sirculation in the water, surrounded by trees for sunshelter in the summer.The trees and fountainmakes a nice space to gather around in the today quietcorner of the square.

3 sit.three:With new significancethis space is trans-formed into a large green square with a pond and waterstair to clean the water running through. Arriving with the new cityline one enters a untraditional public space where water is given a new role.The backside of the mall suddenly becomesthe new frontside and the church is suddenlylocated in spacious surroundings.

Turning the mentality around from the exist-ing pricing system of the realestate market and domination of the pri-vate carpark, to a sys-tem based on the thoughts of use and valuation of land in a broader specter, bringing in cost of loss of nature-services like cleaning water, food pro-duction, cleaning air and holding Co2, habitats and biodiversity; change can happen, Slowly Malmø is transforming from beeing a car-dominated city into beeing a city for people.Undeveloped spaces, car-parking, broad streets (f.ex existing 4 laned streets), existing parks and small green urban rooms becomes a part of this blue-green web.Richer neighbourhoods de-velope and attracts people to the streets

THE RAINWATER WASHES ALL THE CITY SURFACES. THIS MUST BE CLEANED BE-FORE IT CAN BE LET INTO THE OCEAN. HANDELING MALMØ´S RUNOFF ON THE SURFACE USING VARIATION IN VEGETATION AND SOIL TO CLEANSE THE RAINWATER BE-FORE IT WASHES INTO THE ØRESUND CAN BENEFIT THE INHABITANTS IN SEVERAL WAYS.

TREATING RUNOFF ON THE CITY SURFACE AND USING THIS AS TRAVELING CORRI-DORS WHERE UNEXPECTED SOCIAL EXPE-RIENCES CAN HAPPEN IN THE NEW URBAN ROOMS

BIODIVERSITY AND THE VALUATION OF LAND; THE SELECTION OF SPIECIES IN THE CITY WILL INCREASE WITH THE USE OF GREEN ROOFS AND BLUE-GREEN CORRIDORS.NATURE EXEEDS TECHNOLOGY IN PRO-DUCTION. A BIE-COLONY CAN POLLINATE HUNDRED-THOUSANDS OF FLOWERS ON A SUMMER DAY, ONE WETLAND AERA OR POND CAN CLEANSE SEVERAL CUBIC LITERS ON ONE DAY ; COST FREE.

FIGTHING THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND- EF-FECT; RISING TEMPERATURE IN THE CITIES IN SUMMERTIME IS CAUSED BY THE EX-TENSIVE USE OF HARD AND GREY SURFAC-ES; USE OF TARMAC AND STONE IN THE STREETS, METAL AND STONE ON ROOFS ETC. TREATING RUNOFF ON THE SURFACE WITH VEGETATION AND EXPOSING THE WATER, THE BLUE-GREEN WEB WILL FIGHT THE UHI-EFFECT

On background of the slightly sloping landscape of the city, surface runoff wants to travel towards the sea. The urban runoff is the rainwater washing all surfaces in the city and this makes the water polluted and it needs to be rinsed before it can enter the seawater in Øresund. On the roofs (now covered with extrusive greenery) and in the transformed small squares and former parking-spaces the urban runoff is treated for all pollution and contamination with variation in planting, with cleansing abilities, and with different types of soil and gravel the water will floate through on its way. With differentiation in size, planting, still or running, variation (depending on amount of rainwater falling in a day/period/season), hidden or open use of water; the blue-green structure can create unike urban rooms and streets that can attract people to spend more time outside. The new urban spaces can be a good background to developing neighbourhoods with stronger and more differantiated cartacters that can give the traveler many new experiences on the way to school or work.Valuation of land: Treating runoff on the surface and taking advantage of nature-service in the streets and spaces today occupied by the enormous private carpark can be seen as unvise dis-posing and use of space and public wealth as the same space can provide so much more to the city.Pinpointing this subject is the raport from the study “The Economics of Eco-systems and Biodiversity” (TEEB) by Pavan Sukhdevfor the for the German Federal Ministry for the Environment and the European Commission. The intention is that it will sharpen awareness of the value of bio-diversity and ecosystem services, and facilitate the development of cost-effective policy responses, notably by preparing a ‘valuation toolkit’. In the future landvalue will no longer be set by the market-value in the real-estate market like we do today. The valuation is more likely to be measured by the nature-service abilities an aera can provide, and the cost of the loss of this the city will suffer...In urban planning for the future the proffesional and the politician needs to develope knowledge on the economy of developing and sustaining the forces nature can provide. We need to change our attitude on how we manage our cities...

: The grow-ing blue green corridors and transforming

squares

: points of im-portance

: bus-connecting stations

: recipients of runoff downtown: new cityline

: important buffer situa-tion for cleansing runoff

: spaces in the city ideal for transformation

: wide alley ideal for bufferzone

: wide car-streets ideal for transformation

On background of analyses on Malmø and investigationes on the city through walking, reading, talking, googling etc a blue-green web has developed.

The blue-green web strategically developed to better dealig with a wetter future, handeling the increasing amount of urban runoff in a more sustainable economical way.

However the most important issue of this structure is the experiences it creates for people moving through the streets and neighbourhoods on their way to their everyday destination. Connecting urban public and semi-public rooms by a mentally easy remembered and physically inviting and easy oriented structure. It brings unexpected and new experiences to both the visitor and the inhabitant.Imagine walking along a small stream, with trees, straws, insects, flowers, birds and more living things and all the different smells and sounds they bring with them through the seasons.It might turn into a really refreshing start of the day on your way to work...

trees :

-shadow-decrease wind-rain shelter-evaporation-Co2 binding-fighting UHI-effect-absorbes water from runoff-zoning-elements/ creates space

waterways/ponds :

-movement-collecting runoff-holding water-play-cleansing

bikepaths/lanes :

to ensurequicktravel

industrial/lagre warehouse sites:

-use of green roofing, gravel pits with vegetation and connecting runoff stream to waterways-use of trees and bushery to fight UHI-effect-penetratable surfaces for water to “disappare”

urban “furnishing” :

-attractors/ background for social encoun ters-relaxation-reflection-play

public gardens :

-brings action in to space-education-time in space-sosial encoun- ters-fighting UHI- effect

bikepaths/pedestrian lanes :

to ensurequicktravel

waterways/ponds :

-movement-collecting run off-holding water-play-cleansing

trees :

-shadow-decrease wind-rain shelter-evaporation-Co2 binding-fighting UHI-effect-absorbes water from runoff-zoneing-elements/ creates space

accesiblebus-stops/prioritized bus-lanes :

to ensurequick and easytravel

broad side-walks :

space for interactionand play

As the City of Malmø already has established guidelines and directives to manage run-off in a sustainable way, taking the use of rainwater (and maybe greywater?) to the next level is much closer in time than in other cities as the political currage is of high standard, and the bureaucracy prosesses and cooperation between departments in the city is alrady established. Taking this to any desired level of good management with nature seems possible.Repeating the most important goals regarding SUR-management of the City of Malmø: The natural water balance shall not be af-fected by the urbanization: Pollutants shall be kept away from the ur-ban runoff (source control of pollutants), and part of the pollutants in the runoff re-moved along its way to the receiving waters.: The drainage system shall be designed to avoid harmful backing up of water in the ex-isting drainage system.: Stormwater shall wherever possible be looked upon as a positive resource in the urban landscape (from the document “BlueGreenFingerprints” by Peter Stahre)

not like this.... but maybe like this....

S T R E E T - S C A P E - D E L I G H T S

The importance we give our sensesThree factors defines landscape :(in Ian Thompson´s theory)Ecology

Community

Delight

It is obvious that delights have a key role in giving identity to the urban landscape. This assumption means that landscape aestetic and its enhancement should be considered beyond its visual aspects, in combination with other di-mentions of the urban environment. The balance between natural environment and human societies has always existed in societies; and searching for delight and asthet-ics, delight and balance of human tasks and their environmental relationship, has always been considered in such a way that man can live comfortably with nature. (From Thompson´s point of view “Ecology” is one of the effective ele-ments in landscape).

Changing from private to public transportationAssuming fuels for private car use will be unattrac-tively expencive in the future and that this will make the use of private transportation less impor-tant, I fokus on alternative use of space in the street-scape regarding amount of space for carpark-ing, number of lanes needed for cars in a street etc.

Using this space to recive, treat and experience wa-ter gives a city and its inahabitans and wisitors a lot more back.It brings life into the streets on a hole new level.

The two main water-streams and SURP projects in Malmø:

Existing green structure (parks, golf, churchyards) in Malmø:

Outer and inner ringroad, exist-ing bikeroutes, old and new rail:

The two main water-streams and SURP projects in Malmø:

vegetated roofingand surfaces

fountains and water-streams rinsing water

ponds / recipient variation in waterways

slow water background for activity and reflection

BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTUREA U T U M 2 0 0 9CITY AS BIOTOPE :