City Gas Distribution

PNG, CNG Operation

and Distribution

CGD system – An Introduction

- History of Energy dynamism

- Challenges

- Neo energy forms and developments

- Natural Gas – The energy future

Demand Trend – Natural Gas

City Gas Distribution Concept

- PNG

- CNG

CONTENTS

CGD system – An Introduction

History of Energy dynamism

Wood and feed stock

Coal

Crude oil

Gas NCER Hydrogen Fuel

What Next ?????

CGD system – An Introduction

Challenges

• Environmental issues• Economical issues• Political issues

CGD system – An Introduction

CGD system – An Introduction

CGD system – An Introduction

CGD system – An Introduction

CGD system – An Introduction

CGD system – An Introduction

Challenges

• Environmental issues• Economical issues• Political issues

CGD system – An Introduction

• Natural Gas• Coal Gas• Bio mass• Hydrogen fuel• Wind energy• Solar Energy• Hydel Energy• Nuclear Energy

Neo energy forms and developments

….. And the search is ongoing…….

CGD system – An Introduction

• Availability• Economics

1) Processing (primary energy)

2) Distribution & Handling

3) Usage

3) Consumption• Environmental friendly• Safety

Natural Gas – The energy future

Yr. 2005 World Asia Pacific India

Energy Consumption (MTOE)

10224 3199 376 

Energy Mix (%)

Coal 27% 47% 53%

Oil 37% 34% 32%

Natural gas 24% 10% 9%

Nuclear 6% 4% 1%

Hydro 6% 5% 5%

Oil & Gas Imports (MTOE)

2467 836 98(US$30 billion)

Growth in Energy (last 10 yrs)

Total Primary Enrgy 2.1% 4.2% 4.8%

Natural Gas 2.6% 6.0% 6.8%

Comparison of Energy mix of World, Asia Pacific and India

Gas consumption pattern in Indian market

  2000 2005

Fertilizer 40% 29%

Power 38% 40%

Petrochemical & Refineries

5% 9%

LPG & other liquid HC

4% 4%

City Gas / CNG 1% 4%

Steel 6% 3%

Others 6% 11%

Total domestic gas demand (Hydro Carbon Vision 2025)

Sector Existing (bcm)

Additional (bcm)

Total (bcm)

Fertilizer 25.40 33.60 56.00

Power 28.50 148.42 176.92

Steel 3.0 7.00 10.00

Others (including Refinery and City Gas)

20.00 50.00 70.00

Development of Pipeline Network in a pre defined

geographical spread

Maintaining Different Levels of Gas Pressure to meet the Demand of various segments of gas users - Domestic, Commercial, Industrial and Automobiles.

Designing high pressure and medium pressure network such that supply to any consumer is possible from either side.

CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT

Contd….

Design gas storage for maximum survival period

Consider safety at all stages

Balance growth of all consumer sectors, specially

those cross subsidizing each other.

CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)

- AUTOMOBILES 

PIPED NATURAL GAS (PNG)

- DOMESTIC

- COMMERCIAL

- INDUSTRIAL

CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION (CGD) - Overview

Hassle free uninterrupted supply

Safe

Low operating costs

Infrastructure development – one time cost

No spillage and pilferage

Lower maintenance cost for appliances

PNG benefits

PNG SUPPLY SYSTEM

NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION PLAN

Battery

Lim

its

MA

IN T

RA

NS

MIS

SIO

N P

IPE

LIN

E

CITY GATE

CITY LIMITSEXECUTION & OPERATIONS

BYGAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

CGD - InfrastructureMajor Constituents of CGD are

City Gate station

Pipelines

Steel Pipelines

Poly Ethylene Pipelines

GI / Cu Pipes

Regulating Stations

CNG Stations

CGS is the location of Custody Transfer from Transmission

Company to Distribution Company.

CGS has following facilities with a stand by mode :

Filteration

Pressure Reduction

Metering

Odorization

CITY GATE STATION (CGS)

HIGH PRESSURE - Steel Pipeline MAOP

Class 150 # : 19 Kg/Cm2

Class 300 # : 49 Kg/Cm2

MEDIUM PRESSURE - PE Pipeline

PE 80 / PE 100

Pressure Range 4 Bar

LOW PRESSURE - GI & Copper

75 Mbar & 21 Mbar

NETWORK PRESSURE

NG Transportation & Distribution System

MDPE

Typical Piped Natural Gas Distribution Network

12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE

4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE

RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE

GROUND LEVEL

• INLET – 17-32 BAR • OUTLET – 4 BAR • FILTER• TWIN STREAM REGULATION WITH SLAMSHUT-OFF • PRESSURE RELEIF • METER

GI RISER

PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING

METER

ISOLATION VALVE

KITCHEN B / W

APPLAINCE VALVE

FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE

BURNER

• 100 MBAR X 21 mBAR

• HIGH / LOW PRESSURE SLAM SHUT CUT OFF

• RELIEF VALVE

SERVICE REGULATOR

METER REGUATOR 100 Mbar to 21 mBAR

FIELD REGULATING STATION

PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM (THREE STAGE)

PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM (TWO STAGE)

FIELD REGULATING STATION

12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE

4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE

RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE

GROUND LEVEL

• INLET – 17-32 BAR • OUTLET – 4 BAR • FILTER• TWIN STREAM REGULATION WITH SLAMSHUT-OFF • PRESSURE RELEIF • METER

GI RISER

PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING

METER

ISOLATION VALVE

KITCHEN B / W

APPLAINCE VALVE

FLEXIBLE RUBBER HOSE

BURNER

• 4 BAR X 21MBAR

• HIGH / LOW PRESSURE SLAM SHUT CUT OFF

• RELIEF VALVE

DOMESTIC REGULATOR

FIELD REGULATING STATION 

REGULATOR

METERS

METER REGULATING STATIONS

MAJOR EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS USED

FOR PNG DISTRIBUTION

FIELD REGULATING STATIONFEATURES

TYPE- TWIN STREAM ACTIVE- MONITOR REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF VALVES AND METER

INLET PRESSURE – 17 to 32 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – 4 BAR DESIGN PRESSURE- 49 BAR MAX. FLOW- 5000 / 10000 SCMH

SAFETY FEATURES- ACTIVE- MONITOR

REGULATION OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH FLOW COMPUTER

REGULATOR AND METER

DOMESTIC REGULATORS TYPE- DIRECT ACTING INLET PRESSURE – 1.0 to 4 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – 21 Mbar MAX. FLOW- 6.5 Cu.M/Hr. SAFETY FEATURES-

OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFFUNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFFRELIEF VALVE

DOMESTIC METER• TYPE – G-1.6• MAX. FLOW - 2.5 Cu.M/Hr.• MIN. FLOW – 0.016 Cu.M/Hr.• MOP- 300 mBAR• ACCURACY –

Q max TO 0.2 Q max + 2%0.2 Q max TO Q min + 3%

METERING REGULATING STATION INSTALLED AT COMMERCIAL`S

FEATURES CUSTOMISED TYPE- TWIN / SINGLE STREAM

REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF VALVES AND METER

INLET PRESSURE – 19 / 4 BAR OUT LET PRESSURE – AS REQUIRED DESIGN PRESSURE - AS REQUIRED MAX. FLOW - AS REQUIRED

SAFETY FEATURES - OVER PRESSURE SHUT-

OFF UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-

OFF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH FLOW COMPUTER

PRESSURE GAUGES

STANDARD PIPE SIZES BEING USED OD IN MM- 180, 125, 90, 63, 32, 20

ASSOCIATED FITTINGS

a. Coupler

b. Elbow

c. Tee

d. Reducer

e. Valve

f. Transition Fittings

g. Tapping Saddles

h. End Caps

MDPE PIPES AND FITTINGS

CATEGORIES OF PE FITTINGS ELECTRO FUSION FITTINGS

Injected moulded polyethylene accessories equipped with a heated element designed to transform electrical energy into heat to create self-welding

SPIGOT FITTINGS

PE fittings having smooth ends which requires electro fusion accessories to weld to other pipe / fittings

TYPES OF PE FITTINGS

PE PIPE COUPLERS

FOR JOINING PIPE TO PIPE AND PIPE TO FITTING

TAPPING SADDLE

FOR TAKING TAP-OOFS FROM LIVE LINES

REDUCERS

FOR CONNECTING PIPES OF DIFFERENT DIAMETER.

PE SHUT-OFF VALVES

FOR ISOLATING PE GAS PIPELINES

TYPES OF PE FITTINGS (Contd…) PE ELBOWS

FOR JOINING PIPES IN DIFFERENT ANGLE

TRANSITION FITTINGS

ADAPTORS FOR PE TO STEEL / GI.

END CAPS

INSTALLED AT THE END OF THE PIPELINE

EQUAL TEE

FOR BRANCHING OF PIPELINE NET WORK

CNG - History

Environmentally friendly fuel

Safe for vehicles

Low operating costs

Increases components / consumables life

Improves country economy

CNG Benefits

CNG Station Types

Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

Online Station

HVJ Line

Compressor

VehicleDispenser

Cascades

90 bar

Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

HVJ Line

Compressor

LCV

VehicleDispenser

Cascades

90 bar

Mother Station

Types of CNG Stations – Gas Supply

Daughter (Booster) Station

Cascades Booster Dispenser Vehicle

Types of CNG Stations – Filling

Types of CNG Stations – Filling

CNG Station Layout

CNG Station Layout

Dryers

CNG Station Layout

Dryers

CNG Station Layout

Compressor

CNG Station Layout

CNG Station Layout

CNG Station Layout

CNG Station Layout

Twin Hose Single Hose