CITY BLUEPRINTS Improving Implementation Capacities of Cities and Regions by sharing best practices on Urban Water Cycle Services.

CITY BLUEPRINTS Improving Implementation Capacities of Cities and Regions by sharing best practices on Urban

Water Cycle Services

STATEMENT “The water crisis is a crisis in governance. We will promote better water governance arrangements and transparency, building on stronger partnerships between governments, civil society and the private sector.”

Former Commission President Romano Prodi at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development

“The world is walking towards a crisis that it barely recognises.In scale and significance, it dwarfs all the others it is intricatelyconnected with. This issue is water. As unbelievable as itsounds, we are running out of it and the window we have tosolve this issue is narrow and rapidly closing. We will fail tofeed the world until we fix the water crisis”

Peter Brabeck-Letmathe,Chairman of the Board at Nestlé S.A.

THEME

URGENCY

Competing demands for scarce waterresources may lead to an estimated 40% supply shortage by 2030 (2030 Water Resources Group 2009).

2030 Water Resources Group (2009) Charting our water future. Economic framework to inform decision-making. West Perth, USA.

http://www.mckinsey.com/App_Media/Reports/Water/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Full_Report_001.pdf.

1. WHY CITIES?

Cities are concentrated centers of production,consumption, and waste disposal that drive landchange and a host of global environmental problemsand are highly dependent on other cities andhinterlands to supply materials (including water), energy, and to dispose waste.

Grimm et al., 2008. Science 319 (5864), 756-760.Bai, 2007. Journal of Industrial Ecology 11, 1-6.Engel et al., 2011. World Wildlife Fund, Germany.

URBANISATIONUrban areas of the world are expectedto absorb all the population growthexpected over the next four decades.By 2050, urban dwellers will likelyaccount for 86 % of the population inthe more developed regions and for 64% of that in the less developed regions

CLIMATE CHANGEClimate change may worsen waterservices and quality of life in cities.

WATER USE AND WATER SCARCITYWater withdrawals have tripled overthe last 50 years. In 2030, there willbe a 40% supply shortage of water.

SANITATIONCurrently, 2.5 billion people are without improved sanitation facilities.

HUMAN HEALTHCurrently, 3.4 million people - mostlychildren – die from water-bornediseases every year.

HAZARDSWater-related hazards account for90% of all natural hazards.

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2013)

Recently, the World Economic Forum identified thewater supply crisis as one of the top five globalrisks for both the impact and likelihood. This iscaused by the decline in the quality and quantity offresh water combined with increased competitionamong resource-intensive systems, such as foodand energy production (World Economic Forum2013).

MAKE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES MORE SUSTAINABLE TO HELP DRIVE A GREEN ECONOMY

An estimated US$ 41 trillion is required to refurbish the old and build new urban infrastructures over the period 2005–2030:• $22.6 trillion for water systems• $9 trillion for energy• $7.8 trillion for road and rail infrastructure• $1.6 trillion for air- and sea-ports1 trillion means 1 thousand billions (1012)

(Source: UNEP City-level decoupling, 2013)

GOVERNANCE: PEOPLE MATTER

Governance has emerged as a concept in political science, sustainability science and other fields as a response to the growing awareness that governments are no longer the only relevant actors when it comes to the management of societal issues (Lange et al., 2013)As stated in the report of the European Green City Index (2009) about three-quarters of the existing technological changes that would help London to meet its long-term carbon reduction targets depended on the decisions of citizens or companies, not of governments.Public participation, i.e. the engagement of individuals with societies around them — or the strength of civil society in a city — has a strong link to environmental performance (see next slide).

SOURCE: EUROPEAN GREEN CITY INDEX 2009

EARLY INVOLVEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS

SOURCE: ICLEI/SWITCH

WHY CITIES? THINK GLOBALLY, ACT LOCALLY

1. Cities are the major problem holders

2. Active civil societies incl. the private sector with visionarylocal government can cope with water challenges

3. It requires a bottom-up approach and collaboration amongcities and regions by sharing best practices (communicationon implementation)

2. GOAL?

TOWARDS TRANSITIONS OF CITIES

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT TRANSITIONS FRAMEWORK (SOURCE: BROWN ET AL. 2009)

3. HOW?

PLANNING CYCLE ACCORDING TO SWITCH(MANAGING WATER IN THE CITY OF THE FUTURE)

ICLEI/SWITCH

PROPOSED EIP WATER ACTION: FACILITATE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

1. Baseline assessment (City Blueprint)2. Inventory of best practices of cities3. Blue City Website for sharing best practices andstate-of-the art technologies applied in cities4. Blue City Award (annual ceremony hosted by the European

Commission)5. Blue Friend labels for industries and their products

contributing to cost-effective improvements in UWCS

ENERGY NEUTRAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITY IN THE CITY OF HAMBURG (GERMANY)

4. THE BASELINE ASSESSMENT

Dar es Salaam (4.01)

Bucharest (5.18)

Reggio Emilia (6.60)

Hamburg (7.72)

There is a positive relation between the Blue City Index(BCI) and the:

• Voluntary Participation Index (r = 0.727)• UWCS ambitions and measures (r = 0.904)• GDP according to IMF (r = 0.927)• Government effectiveness – World Bank (r = 0.927)• Number of Happy Life Years - Erasmus Univ. (r = 0.950)

Where, r is the Pearson correlation coefficient

RESULTS FOR 11 CITIES/REGIONS

Algarve (ALG; Portugal) Amsterdam (AMS; the Netherlands)

Athens (ATH; Greece)

Bucharest (BUC; Romania)

Dar es Salaam (DAR;Tanzania)

Hamburg (HAM; Germany)

Kilamba Kiaxi (KIL; Angola)

Oslo (OSL; Norway)

Rotterdam (ROT; theNetherlands)

Reggio Emilia (REG; Italy)

Cities of Scotland (SCO;United Kingdom)

Venlo (NL)

Maastricht (NL)

Melbourne (Australia)

15 CITIES HAVE PARTICIPATED SO FAR (1ST OF JULY, 2013)

Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)

5. THE MOST IMPORTANT CONCLUSION:THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF SHARING BEST PRACTICES AMONG CITIES

IMPLEMENTATION MATTERS: THE RESULT OF COMBINING BEST PRACTICES IN 11 CITIES – BLUE CITIES

1. Megatrends (e.g. population growth, pollution, climate change) pose urgent water challenges in cities.

2. The City Blueprint is a quick scan to benchmark UWCS.

3. City Blueprints can be used to communicate a city’s UWCS and select:• appropriate supply and sanitation strategies.• (non) technological options as future alternatives.• measures for short-term and long-term investments.

4. The BCI correlates positively with the VPI, GDP, UWCS ambitions in cities, Government Effectiveness and Happy Life Years.

5. Cities are problem holders; they can learn from each other and become part of the UWCS solutions.

6. Blue friend labels for industries and their technologies and products that contribute to the improvement of UWCS.

7. Need for an EIP Action on Cities

CONCLUSIONS

1. EIP-Water action on governance (City Blueprints)

2. Extension of work on European Cities (assessment of least another 10 cities in 2013)

3. Sharing best practices among cities

4. Workshop with EIP stakeholders (November)

5. Setting up a Blue City Website

NEXT STEPS

CITY BLUEPRINTS Improving Implementation Capacities of Cities and Regions by sharing best practices on

Urban Water Cycle Services

EIP WATER ACTION GROUP PARTNERS

NETWERC H2O (EU) – KWR WATER CYCLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (THE NETHERLANDS) – FUNDACIÓ CTM CENTRE TECNOLÒGIC (SPAIN) - ADVENTECH (PORTUGAL) – COPERNICUS INSTITUTE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT) – SIEMENS (THE NETHERLANDS) – ERRIN (EU) – RED ARAGON 7 PM (SPAIN) – ZINNAE (SPAIN) – AMGA (ITALY) – PARAGON EUROPE (MALTA) – USBMA (MOROCCO) – REGIONE PUGLIA (ITALY) – ACQUEDOTTO PUGLIESE (ITALY) – AUTORITA’ IDRICA PUGLIESE (ITALY) – DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY (UNITED KINGDOM) –WITTEVEEN EN BOS (THE NETHERLANDS) – DELTARES (THE NETHERLANDS) – ENEA (ITALY) – REDINN (ITALY) - LEITAT (SPAIN) – DEMOWARE CONSORTIUM (EU) – WORLD BANK (THE USA) – REGIONE TOSCANA (ITALY) – MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER (STATE OF ISRAEL) – EASTON WATER CONSULTING (BELGIUM)

PLEASE PARTICIPATE AND CONTACT US

Richard ElelmanHead of Public Administrations at Fundació CTM Centre Tecnològic and Administrative Director of NETWERC H2OAv. Bases de Manresa, 1. 08242 Manresa, SpainT +34 93 877 7373F +34 93 877 73 74M +34 608 54 55 28E [email protected] www.ctm.com.es / www.netwerch2o.euSkype: richardelelman

Cornelis Johannes (Kees) van LeeuwenChair Water Management and Urban DevelopmentPrincipal Scientist at KWR Watercycle Research InstituteP.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB NieuwegeinThe NetherlandsT +31 30 6069617F +31 30 6061165M +31 652041795E [email protected] W www.kwrwater.nlSkype: leeuwke47

CITY BLUEPRINTS Improving Implementation Capacities of Cities and Regions by sharing

best practices on Urban Water Cycle Services

POLITICAL COORDINATOR TECHNICAL COORDINATOR

Most of the work has been carried out within the EU Research Project TRUST(Transitions to the Urban Water Services of Tomorrow). We would like to thank allcollaborative teams involved the assessment of cities by completing thequestionnaire for the baseline assessment and their feedback on earlier versionsof this document: Helena Lucas, José Gascão, Joaquim Freire, Maria JoãoFreitas, António Jorge Monteiro, Christos Makropoulos, Vittorio Di Federico,Thomas Giese, Kim Augustin, Niles-Peter Bertram,Ingrid Heemskerk, PaulienHartog, Brian Sewbaks, Jadranka Milina, Rita Ugarelli, Paul Jeffrey, HeatherSmith, George Ponton, Colin O’Neill,Gabriela Mercore, Daniel Goedbloed,António Jorge Monteiro and Philipo Chandy. I would also like to thank Mariellevan de Zouwen, Jos Frijns, Theo van de Hoven, Peter Dane, Merijn Schriks,Nicoline Scholman, Rui Cunha Marques, Sveinung Sagrov, and the projectleader of TRUST, i.e. David Schwesig for their major contributions to the workdescribed in this manuscript. The European Commission is acknowledged forfunding TRUST in the 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No.265122.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• Brown, R.R., Keath, N., Wong, T.H.F. ,2009. Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes. Water Sci. Technol. 59,847–855.

• European Green City Index 2009., Assessing the environmental impact of Europe’s major cities. A research project conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit. Siemens München, Germany.

• Fleming, N., 2008. Understanding ‘what’s really going on’ as a basis for transforming thinking, action and our cities. Paper presented at Enviro 08 Australasia’s Environmental & Sustainability Conference & Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia.

• Lange et al., 2013. Governing towards sustainability—Conceptualizing modes of Governance. J. Environmental Policy & Planning 15.3:403-425.

• TRUST: http://www.trust-i.net/ and http://www.trust-i.net/downloads/index.php?iddesc=68• SWITCH: http://www.switchurbanwater.eu/• Van Leeuwen, C.J., Frijns, J., van Wezel, A., van de Ven, F.H.M. 2012. Water Resources

Management 26:2177-2197.• Van Leeuwen, C.J., Chandy, P.C. 2013. The city blueprint: experiences with the implementation of

24 indicators to assess the sustainability of the urban water cycle Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply 13.3: 769-781.

REFERENCES

PHOTOGRAPHS: Philip, R. et al., Module 1 - Strategic Planning & Anton, B. et al., Module 2 - Stakeholders, SWITCH Training Kit: IUWM in the City of the Future, published by ICLEI European Secretariat (2011) - www. switchtraining.eu.