Citizenship and American Government

Unit III - Citizenship and American Government

Chapter 3 – National Defense

Section 2 – The Navy, Army and Air Force

What You Will Learn to Do

Explain the defense structure of the United States

Objectives

1. Describe the organization of the US Navy

2. Discuss the roles of the US Army and Air Force

radio signalsbuoys, beacons, lanterns and A general term for lighthouses,

Aid -Navigational

sabotageagainst crime, espionage orharbor or other marine facility Measures taken to protect a Port Security -

of the armed servicessenior officer from each branch A committee made up of the

of Staff -Joint Chiefs

Key Terms

somethingpreventing the passage of The blocking, intercepting , orInterdiction -

advantageEmploy to the greatest possibleExploit -

Key Terms

The Commander, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (COMLANTFLT), is located in Norfolk, Virginia.

The U.S. 2nd Fleet is responsible for this area.

The Navy, Army, and Air Force

Located in Yokosuka, Japan, the 7th Fleet is responsible for the western Pacific.

The 3rd Fleet is located at San Diego, CA, and responsible for the eastern Pacific Ocean.

The Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT), is located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.


As a result of renumbering following World War II, some fleet numbers are missing.


Ships are categorized by their functional “type…”

Type commands control ships during training cycles, but operational control of the ship goes to Fleet Commander during missions.

Navy Ships Type Commands

Navy Ships Type Commands

Provides ocean transportation of equipment, fuel, supplies and ammunition to American forces worldwide - peacetime or wartime

Other Operating Forces – Military Sealift Command

Inspects and assesses new systems

Operational Test and Evaluation Forces

• Called upon to serve with the active operating forces in time of war or national emergency

• COMNAVRESFOR is headquartered in NewOrleans, Louisiana

U.S. Navy Reserve Forces

Provides special forces (SEALS) personnel and equipment for fleet operations

Naval Special Warfare Command (NSW)

• Primary responsibility is to support the operating forces

• Responsibilities fall into seven major areas…..

The Shore Establishment

2. Naval communication stations to provide secure and reliable communication for the fleet

1. Repair and maintenance of ships, submarines, aircraft and related equipment


3. Recruitingand trainingof naval personnel


5. Storage areas and procurement of repair parts, fuel and munitions

4. Intelligence and meteorological support


7. Maintenance and operation of air bases

6. Medical and dental health care to naval personnel


Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC)

CNO

SECNAV

Relationship with the Marine Corps

Who is the current Commandant of the USMC?

Senior military officer in the USMC who directs operations of:

• 3 combat divisions• 3 aircraft wings• Other supporting units

Commandant of the Marine Corps

Organized into two major commands:

• Fleet Marine Force Pacific – Honolulu, HI• Fleet Marine Force Atlantic – Norfolk, VA

Works collaboratively with the Navy; the two support each other in a variety of ways

US Marine Corps

US Coast Guard serves under the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime, but in wartime it becomes part of the Navy.

Peacetime Wartime

US Coast Guard

• Smallest of U.S. armed forces• Responsibilities:

• Law enforcement of U.S. waters• Port security• Safety and maintenance of navigational aids• Search and rescue at sea• Interdiction of illegal drugs at sea• Pollution control of ecological contamination• Immigration control

US Coast Guard

• Functions under the Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration

• Regulates rates and practices of ocean shipping lines

• Operates ocean-going vessels

• Though not part of the Navy, during wartime Merchant Marine carries the military supplies and people needed by our armed forces

US Merchant Marine

• Oldest branch of US armed services

• Second Continental Congress adopted existing Continental Army in 1775, and formed committee to draft rules and regulations

• After Constitution ratified, Department of War established as part of President’s cabinet

• Department of War became Department of Defense in 1947

The U.S. Army

• Ready to defend vital national interests at home and overseas

• Similar to U.S. Air Force mission, though methods vary greatly

To provide forces able to conduct prompt, sustained combat on land as well as stability

and reconstruction operations as required

The Mission of the U.S. Army

• Organizes, trains, equips for offense, defense or reconnaissance in skies or space

• Began in the early 20th century as the Army Air Corps

• National Security Act of 1947 created an independent department with its own funding and broader mission

The U.S. Air Force

• Defend by controlling and exploiting air and space over hostile nations

• Maintain security of vital areas of national interest• Interdict potentially hostile aircraft• Operate U.S. military satellites• Support U.S. ground forces through bombing and

air defenses

The Mission of the U.S. Air Force

Army 496,362 Soldiers

Marine Corps 178,923 Marines

Navy 353,496 Sailors

Air Force 352,620 Airmen

TOTAL 1,381,401

June 2006

U.S. Military Forces

The President

• The U.S. armed forces answer to the will of the people through elected civilian leaders.

• The Constitution authorizes Congress to “raise and support” the Army, and “provide and maintain” the Navy.

• Congress enacts rules and provides funding.

• is the Commander-in Chief.


Commander-in-Chief

Department of Defense

Secretary of the Air Force

Secretary of the Army

Secretary of the Navy

CNO & Commandant USMC

(CMC)

Army Chief of Staff

Air Force Chief of Staff


Joint Chiefs of Staff

(JCS)

Chairman

Commandant of the

Marine Corps

Air Force Chief of

Staff

Chief of Naval

Operations

Army Chief of

Staff

Vice Chairman

JCS provides professional military advice to the President, the National Security Council and the Secretary of Defense.


Mission of the U.S. Navy

Maintain, train and equip combat-ready naval forces capable of winning

wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom f the seas


Operating Forces:• Win wars• Deter aggression• Maintain freedom of seas

Shore Establishments:• Maintain• Train• Equip forces for combat


Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC)

CNO

SECNAV

Two service chiefs report to the Secretary of the Navy.


Missions differ…

…but the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Merchant Marine, Army and Air Force defend the _______ of every American.liberties


Questions?

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