Citizenship

C I T I Z E N S H I P

Pat Ray M. Dagapioso

• Citizenship

• It is the status of being a citizen possessed with all the rights and privileges.

• Accorded with full civil and political rights.• Citizens were expected of allegiance to their

mother state.

• Citizenship

• How can a person be considered a citizen of a state?

• Citizenship

• Citizens – members of a community who have associated and submitted themselves to the authority of a government for the promotion of their welfare and protection of their rights from within and outside the territory of a state.

• Four Classes of Citizens in the Philippines

• Four Classes of Philippine Citizens

• 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the adoption of the 1987 Constitution

• 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines (jus sanguinis)

• Four Classes of Philippine Citizens

• 3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship after reaching the age of majority.

• 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

• Ways of Acquiring Citizenship

• 1. Citizenship by Birth• 2. Citizenship by Naturalization• 3. Citizenship by Marriage

• Ways of Acquiring Citizenship

• Citizenship by Birth

• Citizenship by Birth

• An individual acquires citizenship at the time of birth under two general principles.

• Through: – 1. Jus Sanguinis– 2. Jus Soli

• Jus Sanguinis

• Latin, ‘right of blood’• Blood relationship is basis for the

determination of citizenship.• Practiced in the Philippines.• Citizens from birth, are called

natural-born citizens.

• Jus Sanguinis

• This is also practiced in:• Russia, Spain, Bulgaria, Japan,

Serbia, India, Italy, China, Belgium

• Jus Soli

• Latin, ‘right of place’• This principle of citizenship

pertains to acquiring of citizenship through the place of birth irrespective of the parent’s citizenship.

• Jus Soli

• Practiced and applied in the United States.

• Practiced in almost all American States

• Australia, United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, Germany

• Citizenship by Naturalization

• Citizenship by Naturalization

• This is the formal adoption of an alien into the political body of a nation vesting upon him most of the rights and privileges of a citizen.

• Citizenship by Naturalization

Types of Naturalization:1. Individual2. Group

• Citizenship by Naturalization

Types of Naturalization:1. Individual

An alien wishes to acquire citizenship of a country other than his own.2. Group

Citizens of a territory of a colonizer-state may be collectively naturalized as citizens of a colonizer-state.

• Citizenship by Naturalization

Individual NaturalizationCan be by:

1. By Judicial Process2. By Legislation

• Citizenship by Naturalization

Individual NaturalizationCan be by:

1. By Judicial ProcessA foreigner is required to possess certain prescribed

qualifications such as: age, residence, good moral character and other qualification.

2. By LegislationBy means of a statute a foreigner becomes a citizen of the

country. Either the foreigner has made a noble contribution to the state.

• Filipino Naturalization Process

• 1. Filing of declaration of intention one year prior to the Office of the Solicitor General

• 2. Filing of the petition, with affidavit of two credible Filipino citizens

• 3. Publication of the petition• 4. Actual residence in the Philippines

• Filipino Naturalization Process

• 5. Hearing of the Petition. • 6. Promulgation of the Decision.• 7. Hearing after 2 years.• 8. Oath-taking and issuance of the certificate

of naturalization.

• Citizenship by Marriage

• Citizenship by Marriage

• An acquisition of citizenship by the wife of the citizenship of his husband.

• Depends on the laws of the husband.

• Can Citizenship be Lost?

• Can a Citizenship be Lost?

YES!!!

• Can a Citizenship be Lost?

1. Naturalization in a foreign country.

2. Expressed renunciation of citizenship.

3. By service in the armed forces of another country.

• Can a Citizenship be Lost?

4. Declaration by a competent authority of being a deserter from the armed forces of his country.

5. By cancellation of the certificate of naturalization.

6. Swearing allegiance to another country by 21 years old.

‘John is a natural-born Filipino. He went to America to look for a job. He went on to work for 3 years. After 5 more years, he applied for naturalization in the US. But a year after, he wanted to revert back to being a Filipino.’

Can John reacquire his citizenship?

!!!YES!!!

• Reacquisition of Citizenship

1. This is known as repatriation.2. Lost citizenship may be

reacquired through three ways:A. By naturalizationB. By swearing of allegianceC. By legislation.

• As Citizens, what do we do after?

• Being citizens accrue responsibilities and roles…

• Roles of Citizens

• 1. Loyalty to the Country• 2. Defense of the State• 3. Participation in the Devleopment and Welfare of the

State• 4. Upholding the Constitution and Obedience to the Laws

of the Land• 5. Exercise of Suffrage and Participation in the Electoral

Process

• The End