CITING SOURCES
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CITING SOURCES
The class will be divided into five groups, each group will be given their own copy of famous lines from the movie that they need to deliver. The class will be given 7 minutes to prepare on how will they deliver it in class. Deliver it just like how the actors said the following lines in
the movieNow, the task of the other group is to guess who said
the famous line, the title of the movie and what year is it.
“Am I not enough? Pangit ba ako? Kapalit-palit ba ako?… Then, why?!”
Liza Soberano (My Ex’s and Why’s)
2017
"Huwag mo akong mahalin dahil mahal kita. Mahalin mo ako dahil mahal mo ako because that is what I deserve."
Kathryn Bernardo Barcelona: A Love Untold
2016
“Syinota mo ‘ko eh! Syinota mo ang best
friend mo!”
Kim Chiu Paano na Kaya?
2010
“She loved me at my worst. You had me at my best, but binalewala mo
lang ang lahat … and you chose to break my heart.”
John Lloyd Cruz One More Chance
2007
About Citation
▪Citing a source means that you show, within the body of your text, that you took words, ideas, figures, images, etc. from another place. ▪Citations are a short way to uniquely identify a published work ▪They are found in bibliographies and reference lists and are also collected in article and book databases.
Necessary Information in Citation
▪author name(s) ▪titles of books, articles, and journals ▪date of publication ▪page numbers ▪volume and issue numbers (for articles)
Citations may look different, depending on what is being cited and which style was used
to create them.
Style Guide DisciplineAPA Psychology, education, hotel and restaurant
management, business, economics, and other social sciences.
MLA Literature, arts, and humanities.
IEEE Engineering
AMA Medicine, health sciences, and other natural sciences.
Chicago Reference books, non-academic periodicals (e.g., newspapers, magazines, journals, among others).
What to cite?
▪ Facts, figures, ideas, or other information that is not common knowledge
▪Ideas, words, theories, or exact language that another person used in other publication.When in doubt, be
safe and cite your source!
What to cite?
▪ books, book chapters, articles, web pages, theses, etc.
▪Another person's exact words should be quoted and cited to show proper credit
When in doubt, be safe and cite your
source!
Why citing is
important?
▪To show your reader you've done proper research
▪To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas.
Why citing is
important?
▪To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors
▪To allow your reader to track down the sources you used.
Avoiding plagiarism
▪Plagiarism occurs when you borrow another's words (or ideas) and do not acknowledge that you have done so.
▪Plagiarism is a very serious offense.
Avoiding plagiarism
▪If it is found that you have plagiarized -- deliberately or inadvertently -- you may face serious consequences.
▪In some instances, plagiarism has meant that students have had to leave the institutions where they were studying.
Forms of Citation
In-text citation Requires the writer to cite the details of the reference used in a certain part of his/her essay. The format of in-text citations vary per style.
Reference citation Refers to the complete bibliographic entries of all references used by the writer. This appears in the reference list found at the last part of the paper.
These two forms of citations are dependent on each other. Once source is cited in-text it should also appear in the reference list or else it may be
considered a form of plagiarism.
APA Referencing Basics: In-Text Citation
• Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarise, paraphrase, or
quote from another source. • For every in-text citation in your
paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.
APA Referencing Basics: In-Text Citation
Direct Quote: The citation must follow the quote directly and contain a page number after the date, for example (Mitchell, 2017, p.104). This rule holds for all of the variations listed. Parenthetical: The page number is not needed.
✓These citations include the surname of the author and date of publication only. Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes the form:
Mitchell (2017) states… Or …(Mitchell, 2017).
Two AuthorsThe surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand (&) between. For example:
Mitchell and Smith (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell & Smith, 2017).
• For the first cite, all names should be listed: Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) state…
Or …(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, 2017).
• Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s name followed by et al:
Mitchell et al (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell et al, 2017).
Three, Four or Five Authors
Six or more Authors• Only the first author’s surname
should be stated followed by et al.
No Authors• If the author is unknown, the first few words of
the reference should be used. This is usually the title of the source.
• If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or report, is should be italicised. For example: (A guide to citation, 2017).
• If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, it should be in quotation marks. For example: (“APA Citation”, 2017).
Independence of source
Text Reference list
Treatment Example Treatment Example
Stands alone (e.g., book, e-book, report [technical, government, etc.], dissertation, thesis, film, video, television series, podcast, YouTube video, artwork, map, music album, unpublished manuscript)
Italic, title case
Gone With the Wind
Italic, sente-nce case
Gone with the wind
Part of a greater whole (e.g., journal article, book chapter, e-book chapter, newspaper article, magazine article, blog post, television episode, webisode, webpage, tweet, Facebook update, encyclopedia entry, Wikipedia entry, dictionary entry, song)
Inside double quotation marks, title case
“Longitudinal Impact of Parental and Adolescent Personality on Parenting”
Not inside any quotation marks, sentence case
Longitudinal impact of parental and adolescent personality on parenting
Citing Authors With Multiple Works From One Year
• Works should be cited with a, b, c etc following the date.
• These letters are assigned within the reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author.
• For example: • (Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b).
Citing a Group or Organization• For the first cite, the full name of the
group must be used. Subsequently this can be shortened. For example:
First cite: (International Citation Association, 2015) Further Cites: (Citation Association, 2015)
Direct Quotations
▪When you use a direct quote with less than 40 words, you are required to include the pagenumber(s) enclosed in parenthesis. The page number must be preceded by 'p' or 'pp.’ for multiple pages.
Direct Quotations
▪When you use a direct quote with 40 words or more, you are still required to include the page page number/s. Start your quotation in a new line with a 12 indentation on the left margin. There is no need to enclose long quotations in quotation marks, but the parenthetical citation should be placed after the period.
How do you cite website material that has no author, no year, and no page numbers?▪A paragraph number, if provided; alternatively, you could count paragraphs down from the beginning of the document.
▪An overarching heading plus a paragraph number within that section.
▪A short title in quotation marks, in cases in which the heading is too unwieldy to cite in full.
▪Because there is no date and no author, your text citation would include the title (or short title) "n.d." for no date, and paragraph number e.g.:
("Heuristic," n.d., para. 1.)
Example paragraph with in-text citation A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who workwith non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program.
Reference Citation
▪Place the reference list on a new page separate from the text of your writing; label this page “References" and align it at the center at the top of the page. Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation marks for the title.
▪Apply hanging indentation. This simply means the lines following the first line in an entry should be indented from the left margin.
Reference Citation
▪All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of the paper.
▪Follow this sequence in writing the names of the author: Last name, First name Initial. Middle Initial.
Reference Citation
▪Arrange the references in alphabetical order based on the last names of the authors.
▪Do not cut or add to the titles.
Reference Citation
▪Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title, the first letter of the first word its subtitle after a colon, and the proper nouns.
▪For print sources, place a period at the end of the entry. . Put "n.d." (no date) for sources with no date.
Core Components of an APA Reference:
Author's name, initial(s). Date Published. Title of Source. Location of Publisher: publisher. Retrieved from URL.
Date rules: 1. Date refers to the date
of publishing 2. If the date is unknown 'n.d' is used in its place: Mendeley, J.A. (n.d.)
Multiple authors are seperated by commas
and ampersand: Mitchell
Author's rule: 1. Initials are separated and ended by a period:
Mitchell, J.A
Title rules: 1. The format of this
changes depending on what is being referenced.
Publisher rules: 1. If in the US: the city
and two letter state code must be stated:
San Francisco CA
2. If not in the US: The city and country must
be stated: Sydney, Australia.
This is used if the source is an online
source.
Reference Citation
▪A reference list is a complete list of references used in a piece of writing including the author name, date of publication, title and more. An APA reference list must:
▪Be alphabetically by name of first author (or title if the author isn’t known, in this case a, an and the should be ignored)
Reference Citation
▪If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date, if the works are in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the title and are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc) after the date
▪Contain full references for all in-text references used
How to Cite Different Source
Types
Author's surname, First name initial and Middle name initial. (Year). Title (ed.). Publisher
location: Publisher
How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in APA Format
Title Rules: 1. It is italicized
2. The first letter of the first word after ':' (colon) or '-' (dash) and the first letter of the proper nouns are
capitalized
(ed.) = editionThis is not included in first edition
books.
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My Publisher
Title of the book: Spectacular creatures: The Amazon Rainforest (2nd ed.) Authors: Jones, A.F and Wang, L. Year of Publication: 2011 Place of Publication: San Jose, Costa Rica: Name of Publisher: My Publisher
Examples:
Chapters, Short Stories, Essays, or Articles From a Book (Anthology or Collection)
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter, article, essay or short story. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed.), Title of book (edition if given and is not first edition, pp. first page number-last page number). Publication City, Province, State or Country: Publisher Name often shortened.
Stockert, P.A. & Taylor, C. (2014). Sleep. In P.A. Potter, A.G. Perry, J.C. Ross-Kerr & M.J. Wood (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (5th Cdn. ed., pp. 993-1016). Toronto, ON: Elsevier.
eBook From a Website with One Author
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition) [Name of Electronic Book Provider or Device version if any, e.g. Google Books version, Kobo version]. Retrieved from URL
Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes on nursing: What it is, and what it is not [Google Books version]. Retrieved from http://books.google.ca/books?id=YxIDAAAAQAAJ&dq=nursing&pg=PR5#v=onepage&q&f=false
eBook From a Website with Two to Seven Authors
Last Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition) [Name of Electronic Book Provider or Device version if any, e.g. Google Books version, Kobo version]. Retrieved from URL
Allen, G. M., & Tozzer, A. M. (1910). Animal figures in the Maya codices. [Project Gutenburg version]. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19042
No AuthorIf no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details.
Anonymous: If and only if an item is signed as being created by Anonymous, use "Anonymous" where you'd normally put the author's name.
Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary From a Website - Known Author
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication).Title of entry. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if given. Last Name (Ed.), Name of encyclopedia or dictionary (edition if given and is not first edition). Retrieved from URL
Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary: The Canadian Encyclopedia Authors: Beckwith, J. and Foley, D. Year of Publication: 2012 Entry Title: Music Composition URL: http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/music-composition
Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry In Print - Known Author
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of entry. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if given. Last Name (Ed.), Name of encyclopedia or dictionary (Volume number, pp. first page of entry-last page of entry). Publication City, Province, State or Country: Publisher Name often shortened.
Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry In Print - Known Author
Author: King, P.N. and Wester L. Year of Publication: 1998. Place of Publication Chicago, Illinois Name of Publisher: World Book. Title of Entry: Hawaii Title of the Book:The world book encyclopedia Volume no.: Vol. 9, Page: pp. 88-110
Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry In Print - Unknown Author
Title of entry. (Year of Publication). In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if given. Last Name (Ed.), Name of encyclopedia or dictionary(Volume number if any, pp. first page of entry-last page of entry or p. page number for one page entry). Publication City, Province, State or Country: Publisher Name often shortened.
Year of Publication: 2007 Place of Publication Edinburgh, Scotland Name of Publisher: Chambers Title of Entry: Crop circles. Title of the Book: Chambers Dictionary of the Unexplained Page: p. 27
Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry In Print - Unknown Author
Government Documents From a Website
Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Retrieved Month Day, Year that you last viewed the website, from URL
Government Documents From a WebsiteName of Government: Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services. Date of Publication: April 27, 2010. Title of Document: Your Preschool Child's Speech and Language Development. Retrieved Date: April 1, 2013 URL: http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx
Government Document In PrintName of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publication City, Province, State or Country: Publisher Name often shortened.Health Council of Canada. (2007). Canadians' experience with chronic illness care in 2007. Toronto, ON: Author.
Note: When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, put the word Author where you'd normally put the name of
the publisher.
Interviews and E-mailNote: Interviews and e-mail are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the interview or e-mail.
Interviews and E-mailExample: S. Tabiola (phone interview, November 8, 2014) argued that …
Journal Article From a Website - One AuthorAuthor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if given). Retrieved from URL
Author's name: Flachs, A. Year of Publication: 2010 Title of Article Food for thought: The Social Impact of Community Gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area. Name of Journal: Electronic Green Journal, Volume number: 1(30) URL: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4
Journal Article In Print - One AuthorAuthor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
Author's name: Jungers, W.L. Year of Publication: 2010 Title of Article: Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Name of Journal: Nature, Volume no.: 463(2) Page number: 433-434.
When You Have Eight or More Authors
Chan, S. S., Chan, W., Cheng, Y., Fung, O. M., Lai, T. H., Leung, A. K., & ... Pang, S. C. (2010). Development and evaluation of an undergraduate training course for developing international council of nurses disaster nursing competencies in China. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(4), 405-413. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01363.x
List the first six authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .), and then the last author's name.
Magazine Article In Print - One AuthorAuthor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
Hessler, P. (2012, May 21). Identity parade: Life in a police lineup. The New Yorker, 88(14), 24-28.
Magazine Article With Two to Seven AuthorsLast Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Article title: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
Kaiser, D., & Creager, A.N.H. (2012, June). The right way to get it wrong. Scientific American, 306(6), 70-75.
Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.
Magazine Article From a WebsiteAuthor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if given. Retrieved from URL
Freedman, D.H. (2012, June). The perfected self. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/the-perfected-self/8970/4/?single_page=true
Note: If no volume, issue and/or page numbers are provided, skip them in the citation.
Magazine Article In Print - Unknown AuthorArticle title: Subtitle if any. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
Outsmart your cravings. (2008, January 30). Prevention, 160(1), 45.
Magazine Article In Print – Signed AnonymousNote: If and only if the work is signed "Anonymous", use Anonymous where you'd normally put the author's name. If the work has no named author but is not signed "Anonymous", follow the example for Unknown Author.
Magazine Article In Print - Unknown Author
Article title: Subtitle if any. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
Outsmart your cravings. (2008, January 30). Prevention, 160(1), 45.
Magazine Article In Print – Signed Anonymous
Note: If and only if the work is signed "Anonymous", use Anonymous where you'd normally put the author's name. If the work has no named author but is not signed "Anonymous", follow the example for Unknown Author.
Formatting your Paper
▪Use 81⁄2 X 11 inch paper
▪12 point, New Times Roman, or similar font
▪1 inch margins, 1 and 1⁄2 inch for left-hand margin (Journal submissions call for 1 inch margins all around)
▪Double-space your text
▪Number pages consecutively
▪Use a “running header”
Formatting your Paper
▪Abstract (summary) on page two, if required by instructor
▪Next page: center full title, followed by the main body of the text on the next line
▪Indent the first line of each paragraph by five spaces (tab button)
▪Figures, tables, charts may be incorporated into the body of the text
Formatting your Paper
▪Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e.g., 4, not IV) in the upper right-hand corner (Rule 8.03, p. 230).
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