Citing References & Avoiding PlagiarismIn academic community, plagiarism is considered unethical and dishonest. HKIEd General Academic Policies and Regulations: “Any alleged cases

Library Workshop

Citing References amp Avoiding Plagiarism

2

What is Plagiarism bull Plagiarism is ldquothe action or practice of taking someone elses work

idea etc and passing it off as ones own literary theftrdquo

ndash Oxford English Dictionary

bull Plagiarism is not only mere copying of text it also refers to using anothers ideas as ones own regardless of the specific words or constructs used to express that idea

bull You will commit plagiarism if fail to include quotations or acknowledge the sources in your paper

bull Articles increasingly available as electronic text in Internet has made the physical act of copying the work of others much easier imply increasing risk of plagiarism

3

Examples of Plagiarism Word-to-word Copy bull Original

bull Your Text The concept of identity construction is crucial in second

language learning English learning at the tertiary level is both a process of acquiring language skills and a process of understanding who the learners are and how they are related to the learning community the national sociocultural context and the imagined global community

Plagiarized

4

Using otherrsquos words and ideas without acknowledgment

bull Original

bull Your Text

The concept of identity construction is crucial in second language learning Post-secondary level English learning not only represents a process of acquiring language skills but also helps the learners to understand own identities and their relationship with the learning community

Plagiarized

Examples of Plagiarism

5

More about Plagiarism bull Is it plagiarism if I just copy a few words from otherrsquos work

Yes The quantity of words being copied is not the main concern The important point is that you have copied otherrsquos work and made no acknowledgement

bull Is it an act of plagiarism if I copy from an unpublished work

Yes It doesnt matter whether the work which is copied has been published or not The key point is that it was copied from someone else without making acknowledgement

6

More about Plagiarism bull What is the result if you found commit plagiarism

In academic community plagiarism is considered unethical and dishonest

HKIEd General Academic Policies and Regulations ldquoAny alleged cases of academic misconduct will be handled by the

Head of the academic department concerned who shall then conduct a thorough investigationhellip Any proven acts of academic misconduct may result in dismissal from the Institute

httpwwwiededuhkregstudent_handbookchap_en9html

bull Is plagiarism the same as copyright infringement

They are closely related but not exactly the same Plagiarism is an act of academic dishonesty while copyright infringement is legal offence

7

Resources Avoiding Plagiarism bull Academic Integrity Princeton University

httpwwwprincetoneduprpubintegrity08intro

bull Purdue Online Writing Lab httpowlenglishpurdueeduowlresource58901

Intellectual Property amp Copyright bull Intellectual Property in Hong Kong

httpwwwipdgovhkengintellectual_propertyip_hkhtm

bull Copyright in Hong Kong httpwwwipdgovhkengpub_presspublicationshkhtm

bull Legitimate Use of Copyright Works in Education httpsintranetiededuhkcoursepackspdfCircular20on20Legitimate20Use2

0of20Copyright20Works20under20the20Copyright20Ordinancepdf

8

How to Avoid Plagiarism bull Use Quotations to show clearly the extent of otherrsquos work

1 Direct quotation When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources Straw

warned that Preservation and security concerns will also arise in putting together digital

partnerships Proper professional handling of archival original fragile unique and sometimes rare items during the digitization process should be taken seriously (Straw 2009 p109)

2 Quoting short part of sentence When discussing potential problems in building collaborative digital resources Straw

pointed out the critical issues of ldquopreservation and security concernsrdquo Safe handling of materials during digitization must be assured among digital partners (Straw 2009)

bull Paraphrasing (re-writing in your own words)

bull Cite amp list your sources

9

Citing References bull Allows you to use other peoplersquos work by giving credit to the original

author without plagiarizing

bull Provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not common knowledge

bull Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your arguments

bull Provides the source information for others who wants to find out more about your ideas

bull Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher

bull Out of orderincomplete citations cause inaccurate citation network indexing

10

Whatrsquos the difference between reference list and bibliography

A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper listed alphabetically by authorrsquos surname A bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one Bibliographies may be organized chronologically or by subject rather than alphabetically

11

Citation Styles

APA Style Walser R D amp Westrup D (2009) The mindful couple How acceptance and

mindfulness can lead you to the love you want Oakland CA New Harbinger Publications

Chicago Style Walser Robyn D and Darrah Westrup 2009 The mindful couple How acceptance and

mindfulness can lead you to the love you want Oakland CA New Harbinger Publications

MLA Style Walser Robyn D and Darrah Westrup The Mindful Couple How Acceptance and

Mindfulness Can Lead You to the Love You Want Oakland CA New Harbinger Publications 2009 Print

Harvard Style Walser RD amp Westrup D 2009 The mindful couple how acceptance and mindfulness

can lead you to the love you want Oakland CA New Harbinger Publications

12

APA Style httpwwwapastyleorg

bull Developed by the American Psychological Association

bull Widely used in Psychology amp Social Sciences journals

bull Latest edition (6th ed) released in July 2009

bull Manuscripts submitted to APA journals must conform to the 6th

edition

bull Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their reference list or bibliography unless otherwise stated

13

Resources of APA Style (6th ed) American Psychological Association (2010) Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (6th ed) Washington DC Author APA Style Home Page httpwwwapastyleorg bull Online Tutorials

bull Supplemental Materials

bull Sample Papers

Update on APA Style bull APA Style Blog httpblogapastyleorg

bull Facebook httpwwwfacebookcomAPAStyle

bull Twitter httptwittercomAPA_Style

14

APA Style Citing References in Text

bull References are cited in text with author-date system and listed alphabetically in the reference list

bull Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list

bull Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text

bull Two kinds of material are cited only in text 1 Classical works Bible Qursquoran Dao De Jing etc eg (2 Cor 517 New International Version) (Qurrsquoan 53-4) 2 Personal communications (non-recoverable data) eg B H Philips (personal communication May 11 2001)

15

Citing Works by Multiple Authors bull 2 Authors Cite both authors every time Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system hellip The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith amp Johnson 1998)

bull 3-5 Authors First citation Cheung Li Searle Chan and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of hellip Subsequent citations Cheung et al (1996) further developed a measuring system hellip bull 6 or more Authors Use et al (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations Kohn et al (2007) suggested the possible causes hellip

16

DO NOT use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list

In text include URL in parentheses avoid ending a sentence with a URL Example

The APA (httpwwwapaorg) has updated the rules of publication style

in July 2009 with expanded discussions on ethics hellip

Horton M (2009 September 9) H1N1 prevention tips by Dr Mark Horton [Video

file] Retrieved from httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=UT2BGE_XyIY

Writing Style

17

Reference List bull Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order bull Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list bull Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text

Entire Book Damrosch D (2003) What is world literature Princeton NJ Princeton University

Press Edited Book Ercikan K amp Roth W-M (Eds) (2009) Generalizing from educational research Beyond

qualitative and quantitative polarization New York NY Routledge

Book Chapter Tian C (2009) Development of dialectical materialism in China In B Mou (Ed) History of

Chinese philosophy (pp512-538) London England Routledge

18

Publication Place

bull Include the state abbreviation (eg New York NY) for all cities of United States

bull Include the Country for all locations outside United States

Coles-Ritchie M (2009) Inciting change in secondary English language programs The case of Cherry High School New York NY Palgrave Macmillan

Haughey J C (2009) Where is knowing going The horizons of the knowing subject Washington DC Georgetown University Press

Hardman A E amp Stensel D J (2009) Physical activity and health the evidence explained (2nd ed) London England Routledge

Aw T (2009) Map of the invisible world Toronto Canada McClelland amp Stewart

19

Non-English Publications bull Give original title and translate title into English with

brackets

Sack F (2006) Das offene Haus fuumlr eine neue Architektur [Open house towards a new] Berlin Germany Jovis

Ye Q Li B amp Cheng J (2006) 20世纪西方人生哲学 [The western philosophy of life of 20th century] Beijing China Remin Chubanshe

or

Ye Q Li B amp Cheng J (2006) 20 shiji xifang rensheng zhexue [The western philosophy of life of 20th century] Beijing China Remin Chubanshe

20

Journal Articles

Author A A Author B B amp Author C C (year) Title of article Title of journal vol (issue) pp-pp

bull Retain the hyphen if the authorrsquos first name is hyphenated

Hue M-T (2009) Promotion of spiritual development exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of Chinese calligraphy Pastoral Care in Education 27 63-76

bull Include the issue no if the journal is paginated by issue Bill M amp Emmy M (2008) Writing tutors in the economics classroom A

case study The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 38(3) 21-36

21

Publications by Multiple Authors bull Up to 7 Authors List all authors Tiihonen J Loumlnnqvist J Wahlbeck K Klaukka T Niskanen L Tanskanen

A amp Haukka J (2009) 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study) Lancet 374 620-627

bull More than 7 Authors 1 List the first six authors 2 Omit all subsequent authors except the last amp replaced with hellip 3 List the last author

22

Seedat S Scott K M Angermeyer M C Berglund P Bromet E J Brugha T S Kessler R C (2009) Cross-National Associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys Archives of General Psychiatry 66 785-795

List the first 6 and the last author

An article with 21 authors

23

References of Electronic Resources bull Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) when available to replace as

persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print amp electronic sources)

bull If DOI unavailable use home page URL of the journal

bull If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source use the full document URL (eg blog)

bull Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (eg Wikis)

bull Database information not required unless the item is only available in the database

24

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

bull Unique identification of electronic publication bull An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency bull Persistent link to its location on the Internet bull Format 10xxxxxxxx (eg 10108002607470903220398)

bull Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency eg CrossReforg

25

DOI

26

DOI Resolver Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver

1 Crossreforg httpwwwcrossreforg

2 Append the doi string to httpdxdoiorg eg httpdxdoiorg10108002607470903220497 3 中文DOI httpwwwchinadoicn

27

Try it out

Find the article with DOI 101007s11516-010-0007-0

Steps 1 Go to the Crossref web site httpwwwcrossreforg

2 Enter the DOI in the DOI Resolver Search Box

28

Electronic Journal Articles bull Journal article with DOI Bore A amp Wright N (2009) The wicked and complex in education developing a

transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation implementation and professional practice Journal of Education for Teaching 35 241-256 doi10108002607470903091286

bull Journal article without DOI Dresser R (2007) The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts

classroom Teacher Education Quarterly 34(3) 53-66 Retrieved from httpwwwteqjournalorg

bull Advance online publication with DOI Guerra S (2009) Colonizing bodies Corporate power and biotechnology in young

adult science fiction Journal Childrenlsquos Literature in Education Advanced online publication doi101007s10583-009-9086-z

29

Electronic Journal Articles bull Journal article with DOI Bore A amp Wright N (2009) The wicked and complex in education developing a

transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation implementation and professional practice Journal of Education for Teaching 35 241-256 doi10108002607470903091286

bull Journal article without DOI Dresser R (2007) The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts

classroom Teacher Education Quarterly 34(3) 53-66 Retrieved from httpwwwteqjournalorg

bull Advance online publication with DOI Guerra S (2009) Colonizing bodies Corporate power and biotechnology in young

adult science fiction Journal Childrenlsquos Literature in Education Advanced online publication doi101007s10583-009-9086-z

30

httpblogapastyleorgapastyle200909a-doi-and-url-flowcharthtml