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This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is gran

print and copy this document for non-commercial distribution and exclusive usinstructors in the CCNA Discovery Designing and Supporting Computer Netwocourse as part of an official Cisco Networking Academy.


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CCNA Discovery

Designing and Supporting Computer Networks

StadiumCompany StoryThe Discovery “Designing and Supporting Computer Networks” course uses the fictional StadiumCompany

network upgrade story in the main text and media presentation and in Packet Tracer activities. StadiumCompanyis a stadium management company that manages a large sports facility.

When the sports facility was built, the network that supported its business offices and security services providedstate-of-the-art communications capabilities. Over the years, the company added new equipment and increasedthe number of connections without considering the overall business goals and long-term infrastructure design.Some projects went ahead without an understanding of the bandwidth, traffic prioritization, and otherrequirements needed to support this advanced and business-critical network. Now the StadiumCompanymanagement wants to improve the customer experience by adding high-tech features and support for concerts,but the underlying network cannot support these additions.

The StadiumCompany management understands that they do not have sufficient network expertise to support thenetwork upgrade. The StadiumCompany decides to hire network consultants to provide design, projectmanagement, and implementation support. The project will be implemented in three phases. The first phase is to

plan the project and prepare the high-level network design. The second phase is to develop the detailed networkdesign. The third phase is to implement the design.

After a few meetings, StadiumCompany hires the NetworkingCompany, a local network design and consultingfirm to support the phase 1, high-level design. NetworkingCompany is a Cisco Premier Partner employing 20network engineers who have various CCNA, CCDA, CCNP, CCDP, and CCIE certifications and significantindustry experience.

To create the high-level design, the NetworkingCompany first interviewed the staff at the stadium and developeda profile of the organization and the facility.

All contents are Copyright © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 1 of 6


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CCNA DiscoveryDesigning and Supporting Computer Networks

StadiumCompany OrganizationThe StadiumCompany provides the network infrastructure and facilities at the stadium. The StadiumCompany has170 full-time people:

• 35 managers and executives

• 135 salaried personnel

Approximately 80 additional hourly workers are hired as needed to support events in the facility and securitydepartments.

Stadium

Management

Offices

StadiumCompany Phones and PCs All the managers and executives at the StadiumCompany use PCs and phones connected to a digital voice PBX.With the exception of the full-time grounds people and the janitors, all the salaried personnel also use PCs andphones.

Fifty shared phones for the security staff are distributed throughout the stadium. There are also 12 analog

phones, some that support faxes and others that provide direct access to the police and fire stations. The securitygroup also has 30 security cameras implemented on a separate network.

Existing Facilities and SupportThe StadiumCompany provides facilities and network support for two sports teams (Team A and Team B), avisiting team, a restaurant, and a concessions vendor.



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The stadium is approximately 725 feet wide by 900 feet long (approximately 220 meters wide by 375 meterslong). There are two levels. Because of the size of the facility, multiple wiring closets connected with fiber-opticcabling are distributed throughout the stadium.

The Team A and Team B locker rooms and player lounges are on the first level of the south side of the stadium.The team offices are on the second level and measure 50 feet x 200 feet (approximately 15 meters wide by 60meters long)

The office and locker room of the visiting team are also located on the first level.

StadiumCompany offices are in the north side of the stadium on both levels. The office space on the first levelmeasures 200 feet x 60 feet (approximately 60 meters wide by 18 meters long), and measures 200 feet x 50 feet(approximately 60 meters wide by 15 meters long) on the second level.

Team A and Team B are in different sports leagues with different seasons. They both contract with theStadiumCompany for offices and services at the stadium.

Team A OrganizationTeam A has 90 people in the organization:

• 4 executives

• 12 coaches

• 14 support staff (including doctors, masseuse, secretary, assistants, finance and accounting)

• 60 players

Team A has 15 offices in the stadium to support their non-player staff. Five of these offices are shared. There are24 PCs and 28 phones installed in the offices.

Team A also has a player locker room and a large player lounge and workout room. The non-player staff uses thefacility year round. Players have access to the locker room and workout equipment both during the season and



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the off-season. There are 5 phones in the locker room, and 15 phones in the player lounge. There are rumors thatTeam A recently installed a wireless hub in the player lounge.

Team B OrganizationTeam B has 64 people in the organization:

• 4 executives• 8 coaches

• 12 support staff (including doctors, masseuse, secretary, assistants, finance and accounting)

• 40 players

Team B has 12 offices in the stadium to support their non-player staff. Three of the offices are shared. There are19 PCs and 22 phones installed in the offices. They also have a player locker room and a large player lounge.The non-player staff uses the facility year round. Players have access to the locker room and workout equipmentboth during the season and the off season. There are 5 phones in the locker room, and 15 phones in the playerlounge.

Visiting Team SupportThe visiting team locker room and lounge has 10 phones. Each visiting team requires temporary support on thegame day and for a few days before the game. The visiting teams also contract with the StadiumCompany foroffice support and services at the stadium.

Concession Vendor A concession vendor manages the concessions provided at games and events. There are five full-timeemployees. They use two private and two shared offices with five PCs and seven phones. These offices arelocated on the south side of the stadium between the Team A and Team B office space. Two part-time employeestake orders from the luxury boxes during events. The concession vendor uses seasonal hourly workers to support32 permanent concession stands and other services distributed throughout the stadium. At this time, there are nophones or PCs in the concession areas.

Luxury Restaurant OrganizationThere is one luxury restaurant at the stadium that is open year round. In addition to the customer and kitchenareas, the restaurant contracts for office space from the StadiumCompany. The four managers have privateoffices. The two salaried financial and accounting staff share an office. Six PCs and phones are supported. Twoadditional phones are used for reservations in the customer area.



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Luxury Skybox SupportThere are 20 luxury skyboxes. The StadiumCompany provides a phone in each skybox that supports local callsand calls to the luxury restaurant and the concession vendor.

Press Area Support

The StadiumCompany provides a press box with three shared areas:• The press print area typically houses 40 to 50 reporters during a game. There are 10 analog phones available

in this shared area, and two shared data ports. It is known that one newspaper intern brings in a smallwireless Access Point for games that she covers.

• The press radio area supports 15 to 20 radio announcers and has 10 analog phone lines.

• The press TV area typically supports 10 people. There are five phones available here.

Remote Site SupportThe StadiumCompany currently has two remote locations: a ticketing office located in the downtown area, and asouvenir shop in a local shopping mall. The remote locations are connected using DSL service to a local Internetservice provider (ISP).



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The stadium is connected to the local ISP using ISP1, a managed services router owned by the ISP. The tworemote sites have a connection to the same ISP supported by the ISP2 and ISP3 routers provisioned andmanaged by the ISP. This connection provides the remote sites access to the databases located on servers in theStadiumCompany management offices. The StadiumCompany also has a perimeter router named Edge Routerthat connects to the ISP1 router at the stadium.

StadiumCompany PlansThe StadiumCompany wants to add new services, such as video, to their network. They are also thinking aboutreplacing the existing digital voice PBX. They would like better access to their existing security camera network.Two new remote sites are planned in the near future:

• A film production company that has been hired to provide video during and after the sporting events andconcerts needs to connect to the stadium network to exchange files.

• Team A is expanding to a remote office location. They are requesting access to the same network resourcesthat they use on the stadium LAN.



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1.2.1 3 What Happens at the Core Layer? Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.2.3 2 Network Convergence Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.3.1 3 What Happens at the Distribution Layer? Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.3.2 2 Limiting the Scope of Network Failure Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.3.4 3 Traffic Filtering at the Distribution Layer Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.4.1 4 What Happens at the Access Layer? Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.4.2 2 Network Topologies at the Access Layer Activity - Packet Tracer - pka1.5.1 2 What is a Server Farm? Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

1.5.3 2 High Availability Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.1.1 5 Creating a Network Diagram Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.1.3 2 Developing a Modular Diagram Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.1.4 3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Existing Network Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.2.4 4 Download and Install Cisco IOS Software Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.3.3 2 Installing a New Hardware Option Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

3.4.3 3 Wireless Site Survey and Planning Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

5.2.2 3 Designing Distribution Layer Topology Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

5.3.2 2 Defining Traffic Patterns and Application Support Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

5.3.4 2 Creating the Logical Network Design for the WAN Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

5.5.3 2 Updating the Logical Network Design Documentation Activity - Packet Tracer - pka6.1.1 4 Using Hierarchical Routing and Addressing Schemes Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

6.1.2 2 Classful Subnets and Summarization Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

6.1.3 2 Using VLSM when Designing IP Addressing Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

6.2.3 4 Designating the Routing Strategy Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

6.2.5 3 Designing the Addressing Scheme Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.1.4 3 Validating LAN Technologies and Devices Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.2.2 3 Creating the Test Plan Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.2.3 2 Validating the Choice of Devices and Topologies Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.2.4 2 Validating the Choice of Routing Protocol Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.2.5 2 Validating the IP Addressing Scheme Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.3.2 3 Creating the Test Plan Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

7.3.4 3 Validating the Security Plan Activity - Packet Tracer - pka8.1.2 3 Testing WAN Connectivity with Simulation Software Activity - Packet Tracer - pka

8.2.5 4 Troubleshooting Frame Relay Operation Activity - Packet Tracer - pka


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1.2.1 Comparing Mesh Topologies

Objectives• Compare the routing tables of a partial mesh topology with a full mesh topology

• Observe the convergence of the network when an interface is shut down and brought back up

• Examine the EIGRP packets in the Simulation Mode as the network converges

Background / PreparationYou have been provided with a partial mesh and a full mesh topology to examine in this exercise. The interfaceshave been addressed and EIGRP has been configured as the routing protocol. All necessary configurationcommands have been entered into the routers and the networks are fully functional.

Required file: Comparing Mesh Topologies.pka

Step 1: Compare the routing tables of the partial mesh and fu ll mesh topology

a. Use the Inspect tool to examine the routing table on HQP and HQF.b. Notice the difference in the number of routes in each table.c. Record the routes to 192.168.0.204 network on HQP and the routes to the 172.16.3.196 network on HQF.

Routes to 192.168.0.204 _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Routes to 172.16.3.196 _______________________________________________________________________________________



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_______________________________________________________________________________________

Step 2: Examine the routing table and observe the convergence of a partial mesh topologya. Shut down the interface S0/0/1 on BR2P and observe the routing table on HQP.

b. Note that two routes to the 192.168.0.204 network were removed.c. Bring the interface S0/0/1 back up and observe the routing table on HQP.d. Observe the convergence of the network (it may take a minute for both routes to be re-installed).e. Examine the routing table on HQP again. Which interface is used to reach network 192.168.0.160?

______________________________________________________________________________________f. On router BR2P, shut down the interface S0/0/0. How will HQP get to the 192.168.0.160 network now?

______________________________________________________________________________________g. Bring interface S0/0/0 on BR2P back up and observe the convergence of the network (it may take a

minute).h. What happens to the routes to the 192.168.0.160 network that were in the routing table?

______________________________________________________________________________________i. Repeat Step 2 process in the Simulation Mode with only the EIGRP filter active. Use the Capture /Forward button to examine the EIGRP packets and routing table as the network converges.

Step 3: Examine the routing table and observe the convergence of a full mesh topologya. Shut down the interface S0/0/1 on BR2F and observe the routing table on HQF.b. Note that two routes to the 172.16.3.196 network were removed.c. Bring the interface S0/0/1 back up and observe the routing table on HQF.d. Observe the convergence of the network (it may take a minute for both routes to be re-installed).e. Examine the routing table on HQF again. Which interface is used to reach network 172.16.3.128?

_____________________________________________________________________________________f. On router BR2F, shut down the interface S0/0/0. How will HQF get to the 172.16.3.128 network now?

_____________________________________________________________________________________g. Bring interface S0/0/0 on BR2F back up and observe the convergence of the network (it may take a

minute).h. What happens to the routes to the 172.16.3.128 network that were in the routing table?

_____________________________________________________________________________________i. Repeat Step 3 process in the Simulation Mode with only the EIGRP filter active. Use the Capture /

Forward button to examine the EIGRP packets and routing table as the network converges.

Reflection1. On router BR2P, when you shut down the interface S0/0/0, why was the one original route to the

192.168.0.160 network replaced with two routes? ______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a full mesh topology?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________



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1.2.3 Observing Network Convergence

Objectives

• Connect and configure WAN connections

• Configure EIGRP to advertise specific networks

• Observe the convergence of the network through the CLI window when an interface is shut down andbrought back up

• Examine the EIGRP packets in the Simulation Mode as the network converges

Background / PreparationYou have been provided a topology in which HQ, Branch1, Branch2, and Branch3 are pre-configured. A newrouter has been added to the topology (New_Branch) that is partially configured. You will need to connectNew_Branch to HQ and Branch1, complete the configuration of the new router, and then examine theconvergence of the network.

Required file: Observing Network Convergence.pka

Step 1: Connect and configure WAN connection on New_Branch routera. Connect interface S0/0/0 on New_Branch to S0/1/1 on HQ (DCE)b. Connect interface S0/0/1 on New_Branch to S0/1/1 on Branch1 (DCE)c. Configure interface S0/0/0 with the IP address 172.16.3.218/30d. Configure interface S0/0/1 with the IP address 172.16.3.221/30

Step 2: Configure EIGRP to advertise specific network on New_Branch router



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a. Configure New_Branch with EIGRP and the autonomous system number 3b. Advertise specifically the directly connected networks

Step 3: Observe the network convergence in the Realtime modea. While in the CLI window of New_Branch, you can observe the convergence in the Realtime mode. As the

network converges you will see that EIGRP develops adjacencies.b. After the network has converged, shut down interface S0/0/0 on New_Branch.c. Observe the changes in the networkd. Bring interface S0/0/0 back up

Step 4: Observe the network convergence in the Simulation modea. Click on Simulation Mode b. Set the Event List Filters to show only EIGRP packetsc. Go to CLI interface window of New_Branchd. Shutdown the interface S0/0/1e. Click on the Auto Capture / Play button to start the simulationf. Re-open the CLI window and observe the affectsg. Allows the simulation to run for a brief period, then click the Auto Capture / Play button to pause the

simulationh. Examine some to the packets in the Event Lis t

Step 5: Observe the affects of an interface being brought upa. Re-start the simulation by clicking the Auto Capture / Play button again.b. Bring interface S0/0/1 back up and observe the convergence through the CLI window, Event List, and

topologyc. Stop the simulation

Reflection1. What output was shown in the CLI window once EIGRP had converged?

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________2. When the WAN link between HQ and New_Branch went down, what happened to the EIGRP packets on

the New LAN? _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________



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1.3.1 Demonstrating Distribution Layer Functions

Objective

• Demonstrate the functions performed by the Distribution Layer devices.

Background / Preparation

VLANs can be added to a network for security purposes and traffic control. Devices on separate VLANs are

unable to communicate unless a router has been configured to help with this communication. Observe howpacket filtering and route summarization traverse the network using simulation mode.

Required file: Demonstrating Distribution Layer Functions

Step 1: Setup Simulation filters to capture routing protoco ls

a. Enter simulation mode in Packet Tracer.b. Click on the edit filters button.c. Select EIGRPd. Click on the Reset Simulation button.e. Click Auto Capture/Playf. Observe the EIGRP updates

Step 2: Test connectivi ty between the network devices using Realtime mode.

a. From PC0 ping PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4.b. From PC1 ping PC0, PC2, PC4, PC3

Step 3: Test connectivity between the network devices using Simulation mode

a. Switch from Realtime mode to Simulation mode.b. Create a simple PDU from PC0 to PC1. Click Capture/Forward until the PDU has made the complete trip

to PC1 and back.



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c. In the event list view the PDU events.d. Create another PDU from PC0 to PC2.

Reflectiona. Why can’t PC0 communicate with PC1 but PC1 can communicate with PC0’s default gateway?

b. What effect on connectivity would removing the subinterfaces have?

c. Why must a router be in the topology to have communication between the VLANs?



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1.3.2 Investigating Failure Domains

Objectivea. Observe the flow of network traffic in different topologiesb. Observe the change of flow in network traffic when a point of failure is introduced into the network

Background / PreparationThis activity has three different topologies: a partial mesh, a star, and a full mesh. When this activity is started,you wi ll need to allow time for each network topology to converge. This may take several minutes. Oncethe networks have converged, you will note the following:

a. The partial mesh topology will have one link light on the PM4 switch that remains amber.b. The star topology will have all the link lights green.c. The full mesh topology will have three link lights amber; one on the FM1 switch and two on the FM3

switch.

Required file: Investigating Failure Domains.pka

In the partial mesh and full mesh topology the network has redundant links. However, in order to avoid switchingloops some of the links have been shutdown as noted by the amber link light. Note that the star topology does not



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have redundant links between switches. Why are all of the link lights green in this topology?

___________________________________________________________________________

Good Distribution Layer design can limit the parts of the network that are affected by a network failure. The failure

of a single device should not cause the network to go down. In this activity you will observe the flow of thenetwork traffic in each topology. Then you will introduce a point of failure in each network topology by deleting atrunk link between two switches. Once the link is removed, you will need to allow time for the network to re-converge. After the network has re-converged, you will again observe the flow of traffic and note how the networkfailure affected the flow of traffic.

Step 1: Observe the flow of traffic on the partial mesh topologya. Once the network has converged, enter simulation mode by clicking on the Simulation tab.b. By default, Scenario 0 should be displayed in the Scenario window. Click on the Auto Capture/Play

button and observe the flow of traffic from PM3B to PM4Bc. When the Buffer Full window appears, click Clear Event List.d. Click the Reset Simulation button

Step 2: Introduce a point of failure on the partial mesh topology

a. Delete the trunk link between PM2 and PM4b. Change to simulation mode by clicking on the Simulation tab.c. Play Scenario 0 again by clicking on the Auto Capture/ Play button and observe the flow of traffic from

PMB to PM4Bd. When the Buffer Full window appears, click Clear Event List.e. Click the Reset Simulation button

Step 3: Observe the flow of traffic on the star topologya. Click on the dropdown arrow to the Scenario window and select Scenario 1. b. Play Scenario 1 by clicking on the Auto Capture/ Play button and observe the flow of traffic from S2A to

S4Bc. Click Clear event List when the Buffer Full window appears and click the Reset Simulation button

Step 4: Introduce a point of failure on the star topo logya. Delete the trunk link between Star1 and Star2b. Since the star topology has no redundant links, the network will not need to re-convergec. Play Scenario 1 again and observe the flow of traffic from S2A to S4Bd. Click Clear event List when the Buffer Full window appears and click the Reset Simulation button

Step 5: Observe the flow of traffic on the full mesh topologya. Click on the dropdown arrow to the Scenario window and select Scenario 2 b. Play Scenario 2 by clicking the Auto Capture / Play button and observe the flow of traffic from FM1A to

FM3Bc. Click Clear event List when the Buffer Full window appears and click the Reset Simulation button

Step 6: Introduce a point of failure on the full mesh topologya. Delete the trunk link between FM2 and FM3

b. Switch to the Realtime modec. Allow time for the network to converge. (This may take several minutes.)d. Play Scenario 2 again and observe the flow of traffic from FM1A to FM3Be. Click Clear event List when the Buffer Full window appears and click the Reset Simulation button

Reflection

1. How was the effect of the network failure in the star topology different from the partial mesh and full meshtopologies?



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_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. What effect did the removal of the link in the star topology have on the hosts that were attached to theStar2 switch?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________



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1.3.4 Placing ACLs

Objectives

• Verify network connectivity

• Examine the Access Control Lists (ACLs) that are configured on the routers

• Determine the appropriate interface to apply the ACLs

• Examine the affects of the ACL



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This activity demonstrates how the flow of network traffic is affected by applying an ACL to permit or deny traffic inthe network. The network administrator has decided that all external web traffic goes only to the Web server.

Also, in order to protect the data o their employees, the HR server is only accessible to HR employees.

Therefore, ACLs will need to be implemented on the network. Another network technician has already configuredthe necessary ACLs on both the Gateway and Distribution2 routers. However, the ACLs have not been applied toan interface. You have been asked to apply the ACLs and verify that the appropriate traffic is permitted or denied.

Required file: Placing ACLs

Step 1: Verify network connectivitya. Verify that all of the PCs can communicate with each other and with the servers.b. Verify that the Internet Host can access the Web server (192.168.0.3), Sales server (192.168.10.2) and

HR server (192.168.40.2) using the browser.

Step 2: Examine the Access Control Lists that are configured on the routersa. Access the Distribution1 router. Use the following commands to view the ACL that has been configured

on the Distribution1 router:• show running-config

• show access-lists 1

b. Access the Gateway router. Use the following commands to view the ACL that has been configured onthe Gateway router:

• show running-config

• show access-lists 100

Step 3: Determine the appropr iate interface to apply the ACLsa. After examining the ACLs determine on which interface the ACLs should be appliedb. The ACL must be applied to an interface or subinterface before it will affect the network trafficc. The extended ACL should be placed closest to the source and the standard ACL should be closest to the

destination.

d. Remember that only one ACL per port, per protocol, per direction is allowed.e. Apply the ACL to the appropriate interface or subinterface.

Step 4: Examine the affects o f the ACLa. Internet Host should be able to ping any device in the network, except HR1 or HR server.b. Internet Host should be able to access Web server (192.168.0.3) using the browser.c. Internet Host should not be able to access either the HR server (192.168.40.1) or Sales server

(192.168.10.2) using the browser.d. HR2 should be able to access HR server (192.168.40.1) using ping or the browser.e. RandD2 should not be able to access HR server (192.168.40.1) using ping or the browser.

Reflection

1. How can ACLs be used to control the flow of network traffic? _______________________________________________________________________________________2. By default, what is always the last statement in an ACL? _______________________________________________________________________________________



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1.4.1 Exploring Access Layer Functions

Objective• Describe the function of the Network Access Layer including equipment usually installed in the wiring closets.


Equipment installed at the Network Access Layer usually consists of Layer 2 switches. These switchesconnect to workgroup servers, workstations, and other end user equipment. The Network Access Layerswitches then connect to Layer 3 devices, such as routers and multi-layer switches, at the NetworkDistribution Layer.



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A new office space is being created for users in the Sales and Marketing departments of an organization, thePCs have been set up and configured in the office area and a Layer 2 switch has been installed in the wiringcloset. You will connect the switch to the end user devices and to the router in the Network Distribution Layer.You will then configure the switch and verify connectivity to key devices in the network.

Required file: Exploring Access Layer Functions.pka

Step 1: Connect the Access Layer switch.

a. Using the proper cable, connect FastEthernet0/1 on switch Access1B to FastEthernet0/1 on routerDistribution1.

b. Using the proper cable, connect PC Sales2 to the next interface on switch Access1B .

c. Using the proper cable, connect PC Marketing2 to the next interface on switch Access1B .

Step 2: Configure the Access Layer switch.

a. Using the CLI on switch Access1B , configure the interface that connects to router Distribution1 tocarry traffic for all VLANs.

b. Using the CLI on switch Access1B , configure the interface that connects to PC Sales2 to carry trafficfor all only VLAN 11.

c. Using the CLI on switch Access1B , configure the interface that connects to PC Marketing2 to carrytraffic for all only VLAN 21.

d. Check your configuration using the Check Results button. Correct any errors in the configuration.

Step 3: Verify connectivity.

a. From PC Sales2, ping server Sales at 192.168.10.2. Ping server HR at 192.168.40.2. Ping serverWeb at 192.168.0.3. All pings should be successful, if not verify the configuration.

b. From PC Marketing2, ping server Sales at 192.168.10.2. Ping server HR at 192.168.40.2. Pingserver Web at 192.168.0.3. All pings should be successful, if not verify the configuration.

c. From the Web Browser on PC Sales2, request a web page from URL http://www.Discovery.com (inPacket Tracer the URL is case sensitive). The page should be displayed.

d. Switch to Simulation mode. From the Web Browser on PC Sales2 click the Go button to requestthe page again. Click the Auto Capture / Play button to observe the flow of traffic from the Accesslayer through the hierarchical network to the server farm.

Step 4: Reflection

a. Why are the Sales and HR servers connected to the network at the Access Layer?

b. If you wanted to restrict access to the HR server which hierarchical network layer would you place thenecessary configuration?



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1.4.2 Creating Topologies

Objective

• Create a network with a star topology.


You have been given the task of designing a network using a star topology. The star topology is one with acentral point of connectivity. The central device should be a switch.

Required file: Creating Topologies.pka

Step 1: Create a network using a star topology.a. Add a 2960 switch to the network topology between the Distriburtion2 router and the PCs.

b. Connect the switch to the Distribution2 router’s fa0/0 interface.

c. Connect the switch to each of the PC.

d. Enable the fa0/0 interface on the Distribution2 router.

Step 2: Reflection

a. What outcome would there be if a hub had been used instead of a switch?



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____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

b. What is the advantage to a using a star topology?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________



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1.5.1 Observing and Recording Server Traffic

Objective• Observe and record the way in which traffic moves to and from the servers on the network.


An enterprise has installed servers containing sales and human resources information at the Access Layer oftheir network and an intranet web server and a DNS server in a server farm off of the Core Layer of thenetwork. This activity will observe the flow of traffic between a typical PC at the Access Layer and three ofthe servers in the network.



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Step 1: Verify connectivity to the servers in the network.

a. From the desktop of PC HR2, ping the HR server at IP address 192.168.40.2.

b. From the desktop of PC HR2, ping the Sales server at IP address 192.168.10.2.

c. From the desktop of PC HR2, ping the Web server at IP address 192.168.0.3.

Step 2: Observe and record the way traffic moves in the network.

a. Switch to Simulation mode. Click the Auto Capture / Play button to send a packet between PCHR2 and the HR server and back. Count the number of intermediate devices the packet passesthrough.

b. Switch to scenario To Sales. Click the Auto Capture / Play button to send a packet between PCHR2 and the Sales server and back. Count the number of intermediate devices the packet passesthrough.

c. Switch to scenario To Web. Click the Auto Capture / Play button to send a packet between PC HR2 and the Web server and back. Count the number of intermediate devices the packet passes through.

Step 3: Reflection

a. Based on your observations, what be would two advantages of putting all of the servers in the serverfarm?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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1.5.3 Using Redundant Links on Server Farm Devices

Objective

• Determine how redundancy affects server availability.


The physical topology of the first network (Topology 1) has been designed without redundancy. To test the faulttolerance of the network, links should be removed to test the effect on the network and to determine if the networkcan recover from the removed link.

The physical topology of the second network (Topology 2) has been designed and redundancy has beenincorporated into the design. To test the fault tolerance of the network, links should be removed to test the effect

on the network and to determine if the network can recover from the downed link.

Required file: Using Redundant Links on Server Farm Devices.pka

Step 1: Examine the network and the status of the links in Topology 1

a. Examine Topology 1b. View the network and the active links within the network.c. Note which links are active and which links are blocked.d. Open PC1-A. At the command prompt, enter a command to send 100 ICMP requests to Server Web-A.

The command format is ping –n 100 192.168.2.3.

Step 2: Test single point of failure in network without redundancya. Since switches do not have power buttons, delete the link between Router-A and switch Server-A.

1. Click on the red X located in the right panel of the Packet Tracer screen.2. Click on the cable between Router-A and switch Server-A.

b. View the network and note the active links within the topology.c. There is no network redundancy and therefore a single point of failure within the network. There is no

longer a route to the servers.



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Step 3: Examine the network and the status of the links in Topology 2

a. Examine Topology 2.b. View the network and note the active links within the topology.c. Open PC1-B. At the command prompt, enter a command to send 100 ICMP requests to Server Web-A.

The command format is ping –n 100 192.168.4.3 d. Open PC2-B. At the command prompt, enter a command to send 100 ICMP requests to Server

Marketing-B. The command format is ping –n 100 192.168.4.6.

Step 4: Test network redundancya. Delete the link between switch Server1-B and switch Server2-B.

1. Click on the red X located in the right panel of the Packet Tracer screen.2. Click on the cross-over cable between switch Server1 and switch Server2.

b. View the network and note the active links within the topology.c. Spanning Tree should recalculate and automatically begin using the alternate links.d. Delete the link between switch Server3-B and switch Server5-B.

1. Click on the red X located in the right panel of the Packet Tracer screen.2. Click on the cross-over cable between switch Server3-B and switch Server5-B.

e. View the network and note the active links within the topology.f. The topology should reconfigure and automatically begin using the alternative links.

Reflectiona. Using the network without redundant equipment, what advantage would be gained by adding 1 additional

switch to the design? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

b. When a network is designed to have redundancy and Spanning Tree is disabled on the Layer 2 switches,what effect would it have on the network?

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________



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3.1.1 Investigating Existing Network Devices

Objective

• Use router and switch commands to obtain information about an existing network.


You have been given the task of documenting a large campus network. When you arrive at the site youdiscover that the network administrator is not available and he has the only keys to the wiring closets and thecabinets containing the existing network documentation. Since information on the network is needed as soonas possible, you decide to discover as much information as possible using router and switch commands.

You are given access to the administrator’s PC and are told that the Telnet access password for all devices iscisco and the password to enter privileged exec mode is class.

Step 1: Discover and document the first device.

a. Access the Admin PC and issue the ipconfig command from the command prompt to discover the

default gateway.b. Telnet to the IP address of the gateway device and enter privileged exec mode using the passwords

given above.

c. Issue IOS commands such as show running-config, show ip route, show interfaces, show ipinterface brief, show version and other commands to learn about the device.

d. Issue IOS commands such as show cdp neighbors and show cdp neighbors detail to discoverinformation about connected devices. It may take a few minutes for the network to converge. If you donot see any neighboring devices initially, repeat the command until you do.

e. Document the information you gather in the appropriate table below.

f. Close the Telnet session by issuing the exit command.

Step 2: Discover the remaining devices.

a. Packet Tracer works best when you successfully ping a device before attempting to Telnet to it.Issue the ping command to the IP address of one of the devices you discovered in Step 1. Repeatthe ping command until it succeeds.

b. Telnet to the IP address of the device and repeat the process in Step 1 to document the device.

c. To not overuse the resources of Packet Tracer, do not Telnet from device to device. Always exit tothe command prompt before accessing the next device.

d. Repeat the process until all devices in the network are discovered and documented.



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e. As you work, sketch out a diagram of the network devices and their interconnections.

Device Tables:

Router

Hostname _________________________Model _________________________ IOS version ______________________________

Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Connects to Device Connects to Interface

RouterHostname _________________________

Model _________________________ IOS version ______________________________


RouterHostname _________________________



RouterHostname _________________________



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SwitchHostname _________________________


IP Address _______________________ Subnet Mask __________________________Default Gateway ________________________

Trunk Ports Connects to Device Connects to Interface

Active Access Ports VLAN Number VLAN Name



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SwitchHostname _________________________


IP Address _______________________ Subnet Mask __________________________

Default Gateway ________________________



SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________





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SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________



SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________





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SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________



SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________





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SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________



SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________





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SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________



SwitchHostname _________________________



Default Gateway ________________________





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Network Diagram:



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Step 3: Reflection

a. We used this technique to discover and document a campus LAN. Would the same technique workfor an enterprise network that included WAN links?

____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. Could we use this technique in a network that included routers and switches from a manufacturerother than Cisco? Why or why not?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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3.1.3 Creating Modular Block Diagrams

Objective

• Use a logical network diagram of the existing network to create a modularized view of the network.


Start with the logical diagram showing the critical network devices and representative user devices. Groupthe devices by their role within the network design hierarchy.

The final step is to create the modular block diagram of the network.

Required file: Creating Modular Block Diagrams.pka



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Step 1: Group the devices by their role with in the network design hierarchy.

a. Using the Palette tool (second button from the right on the Main Tool Bar ), drag an ellipse tohighlight the client devices in pink.

b. Using the Palette tool, drag an ellipse to highlight the access layer devices in light blue.

c. Using the Palette tool, drag an ellipse to highlight the distribution layer devices in light green.

d. Using the Palette tool, drag an ellipse to highlight the core layer devices in yellow.

Step 2: Create the modular block diagram of the network .

a. Use the table on the next page to create the modular block diagram of the network by drawing andlisting the devices in the appropriate column.



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Modular Block Diagram:

Client Devices Access Distribution Core Services andManagement



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Step 3: Reflection

a. Why is it important to group devices by their role within the network design hierarchy to analyze anexisting network?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. What is an advantage of describing a network using a modular block diagram instead of in a narrativefashion?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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3.1.4 Determining Network Strengths and Weaknesses

Objective

• Identify and document the strengths and weaknesses of the existing network.


In the previous activity you created a modular block diagram of the Film Company network. The next step isto examine the physical layout of the devices in the network, the cabling plant and the device configurations toidentify and document the strengths and weaknesses of the existing network.

Packet Tracer provides a limited physical view of the network where devices are placed in wiring closets invarious buildings in various cities. The physical view in this activity represents the building containing the FilmCompany and the building containing their ISP located in the same city. The Film Company building contains



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a wiring closet containing the MDF and POP that serves the general office functions and a wiring closet forthe production area. Since all devices must be placed in wiring closets, wiring closets containing typicalclients devices used by the general office staff and the production staff have been placed in the approximatecenter of their respective areas. There is a conference room that is also used by visitors with wireless laptopcomputers that is represented by a wiring closet in its center. Assume all cabling in the Film Company

building is category 5 UTP.

Step 1: Examine the physical location of devices.

a. Switch from the Logical Workplace to the Physical Workplace, enter the Home City and note theextent of the wireless coverage around the Film Company building.

b. Enter the Film Company building and note the extent of the wireless coverage within the building andthe location of the wiring closets and work areas.

c. Enter each of the wiring closets and note where the various client devices and network devices arelocated.

Step 2: Examine the device configurations.

a. Switch from the Physical Workplace to the Logical Workplace.

b. Access each of the network devices in the Film Company network. Examine each device usingcommands such as show running-config, show version, show interfaces and other commands.

c. Look for information on the speed of various links, passwords, traffic filtering and any otherinformation you can gather.

Step 3: Evaluate the network.

a. Based on your observations from Steps 1 and 2, rate the network in the areas listed in the table onthe next page on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest).



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Network Ratings:

Lowest Highest

1 2 3 4 5

Hierarchical network design

Firewall location

Server location

Bandwidth

Quality of w iring

Network equipment suitability

Wireless security

Suitability for advanced services like IP phones or video

Redundancy and availability

Failure domain size

Physical security



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Step 4: Reflection

a. List the strengths of the existing network.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. List the weaknesses of the existing network.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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3.2.4 Installing Cisco IOS Software

Objectives• Verify the IOS image currently installed on the router

• Transfer a new IOS image to the Cisco router

• Verify that the new image is installed

• Specify an image boot order on the router• Verify that the proper image is loaded when the router boots up

Background / PreparationYou have been asked to upgrade a Cisco 1841 router with the latest IOS image to support encryption. Thenetwork administrator has informed you that the necessary IOS image has already been downloaded to theNetwork_Server. It is your task to verify the current IOS image and install the new image through the TFTP serverthat is installed on the network server. You will also need to configure the router to use the new IOS image.

Required file: Installing Cisco IOS Software

Step 1: Verify the IOS image currently ins talled on the routera. Access the router through the CLI mode

b. Enter the privileged EXEC modec. Use the following command to verify current installed IOS:

Rout er#show flash

What is the file name of the IOS image? ___________________________________________________________

How many bytes of memory are available? ________________________________________________________

Step 2: Transfer the new IOS image to the Cisco routera. It is always good to ping the tftp server before attempting to copy an IOS image from a server.b. Enter the following command to test the connectivity between the router and the tftp server:

Rout er# ping 192.168.1.10

Note that the first ping may fail, if so repeat the ping. If the problem still persist, it will be necessary to

troubleshoot the problem.c. On an actual network before beginning this upgrade you would copy the existing IOS file to the TFTPserver as a backup copy in case of problems.

d. Enter the following command begin the process of transferring the new IOS image to the router:Rout er#copy tftp flash

e. You will be prompted to enter the address or name of the remote host. Enter the IP address of theNetwork_Server (192.168.1.10) and press Enter .

f. You will now be prompted to enter the name of the file you wish to transfer. Enter the following IOS filename:c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin



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g. You will be prompted for the destination filename. The default filename will appear in brackets as shown:[c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin]

h. Press Enter to accept the default name.i . The image should now begin transferring from the server and you should see output that resembles the

following:

Accessing tftp://192.168.1.10/c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin.... Loading c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin from 192.168.1.10:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![OK - 16599160 bytes]16599160 bytes copied in 16.126 secs (230327 bytes/sec)

Rout er#

Step 3: Verify that the new IOS image is ins talleda. Use the following command to verify current IOS images that are installed:

Rout er #show f l ash a. You should now see two IOS images in the output

Step 4: Specify an image boot order on the routera. Enter the global configuration modeb. To specify the boot order of the IOS images enter the following commands:

Rout er( conf i g) # boot system flash c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.binRout er( conf i g) # boot system flash c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin

c. These commands specify that the router will attempt to boot the new IOS image first. If for some reasonthe image is not located in flash, the router will then load the original IOS image.

d. Exit to the privileged EXEC prompte. Enter the following command to verify the boot system commands:

Rout er#show running-config

Step 5: Verify that the proper image is loaded when the router boots upa. Save the current router configuration to NVRAMb. Restart the router by entering the following command:

Rout er#reload

c. Allow the router to reboot completely, then enter the privileged EXEC moded. Use the following command to verify that the proper IOS image was loaded when the router booted up:

Rout er#show version

e. Check your answer by clicking the Check Results button.

Reflectiona. Why would you want to have access to multiple IOS images on a router?

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________b. What are two other locations that a router will look to obtain an IOS if it cannot locate one in flash?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________



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3.3.3 Installing Option Modules on a Router

Objective

• Familiarize yourself with the 1841 router and the various interface modules available for installation.

• Observe the changes in the number and designation of the various interfaces depending on where theyare installed in the router.

Background / PreparationCisco Integrated Service Routers (ISR) are designed to fulfill different networking requirements. Each of thesemodular interfaces allows the installation of different modules. A network technician needs to become familiar withthe Cisco 1841 router and the difference modules that can be added to the device.

Required file: Installing Option Modules on a Router.pka

Step 1: Examine the 1841 router and the default hardwarea. Place an 1841 router on the Logical Workspace.b. Execute the show run command and view default hardware settings.c. Note there are 2 FastEthernet interfaces and 1 VLAN interface. What are the interface designations?

Step 2: Add additional modulesa. Power off the router.b. Add the HWIC-4ESW module to Slot 1.c. Power on the router.d. Execute the show run command and view the hardware settings. What are the interface designations?

Step 3: Remove and add additional modulesa. Power off the router.

b. Move the HWIC-4ESW module to Slot 0.c. Power on the router.d. Execute the show run command and view the hardware settings. What are the interface designations?

Step 4: Examine the 2811 router and the default hardwarea. Execute the show run command and view the hardware settings. What are the interface designations?b. Note the interfaces and their designations.



Reflectiona. The ability to add different modules allows for flexibility with networking devices. What type of

connectivity will adding a WIC-2T module allow? _________________________________________________________________



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_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

b. What would happen to your existing configuration if you move a module from Slot 1 to Slot 2? _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________



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3.4.3 Placing Wireless Access Points

Objective

• Use available tools to perform a wireless site survey.


A wireless network consists of one or more wireless access points to provide coverage for wireless clients inan office environment. The goal of the site survey is to find the optimal number and placement of accesspoints to provide coverage where it is needed and, for security reasons, to minimize coverage where it is notneeded. We will use the tools available in Packet Tracer to simulate a site survey of a one story officebuilding with two access points installed in the ceiling.

The Linksys WRT300N wireless access routers are used to simulate access points installed in the ceiling, aPC with a Linksys WMP300N interface installed is used to simulate a laptop computer with wireless capability.

Required file: Placing Wireless Access Points.pka

Step 1: Conduct the wireless site survey.

a. In the logical view of the network observe which access point the Wireless PC is associated with.

b. Access the Wireless PC and choose the PC Wireless button on the Desktop tab. Click the Connect tab in the Linksys window and observe the signal strength from both access points. Minimize theWireless PC window.

c. Click the Physical Workplace tab in the upper left hand corner of the interface. Click on the HomeCity to enter it. The crosshatch ovals represent areas of wireless coverage. Note the areas outsideof the Corporate Office that have coverage.

d. Click on the Corporate Office to enter it. Observe the areas of coverage inside the building and theplacement of the access points and the Wireless PC. In a real environment the wireless coverageareas would be invisible. Mark the location of the access points on the Building Diagram below. Markthe location if the Wireless PC and note the signal strength for each access point.



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e. Move the Wireless PC to different locations around the office. For each location, access the WirelessPC window and click the Refresh button. Note on the Building Diagram, at each location, the accesspoints (if any) and their signal strength. Minimize the Wireless PC window.

f. Continue until the entire building is surveyed.

Step 2: Relocate the access poin ts to their optimal location.

a. Move the access points to assure that all areas inside the building have wireless coverage and thatcoverage outside of the building is minimized.

b. Verify your placement by spot checking key locations within the building using the techniques fromStep 1 and adjust the placement as needed.

Building Diagram:

Step 3: Reflection

a. If the coverage shown in the Physical view represents the maximum power output of the accesspoint, could the building be covered by a single access point?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. On real equipment, what else could be done to minimize coverage outside of the building?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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c. What types of problems would you encounter when you have overlapping coverage of access pointsusing the same channel?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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5.2.2 Connecting Access and Distribution Layer Switches

Objective

• Design and diagram the Distribution Layer topology to support given network business and technicalrequirements.

640-802 CCNA Exam Objectives

This activity contains skills that relate to the following CCNA exam objectives:

• Select the components required to meet a network specification

• Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other networkdevices and hosts

• Describe enhanced switching technologies (including: VTP, RSTP, VLAN, PVSTP, 802.1q)



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Expected Results and Success Criteria

a. Before beginning this activity, read through the tasks you are expected to perform. What do youexpect the result of performing these tasks will be?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. Why do you think that network administrators use redundant links in their network?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

c. Why is Spanning Tree Protocol necessary where there are redundant links?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________


Equipment installed at the Network Distribution Layer usually consists of multi-layer, modular switches thatconnect to Layer 2 Access Layer switches through redundant links. These Distribution Layer switches thenconnect to Core Layer devices, also through redundant links. Spanning Tree Protocol allows these redundantconnections without the problems associated with switching loops.

Packet Tracer only supports devices typically found in the CCNA academy lab bundle, not the type ofswitches typically used at the Network Distribution Layer. We will use regular Layer 2 switches to representthese switches as we connect the redundant links between the Access and Distribution Layer switches andobserve the operation of Spanning Tree Protocol.

Required file: Connecting Access and Distribution Layer Switches.pka

Step 1: Connect the Access Layer switches to the Distribut ion Layer switches.

a. Using the proper cables, connect the first interface on switch Access1 to the first interface on switchDistribution1 and the second interface on switch Access1 to the first interface on switchDistribution2.

b. Using the proper cables, connect the first interface on switch Access2 to the second interface onswitch Distribution1 and the second interface on switch Access2 to the second interface on switchDistribution2.

c. Using the proper cables, connect the first interface on switch Access3 to the third interface on switchDistribution1 and the second interface on switch Access3 to the third interface on switchDistribution2.

d. Using the proper cables, connect the first interface on switch Access4 to the fourth interface onswitch Distribution1 and the second interface on switch Access4 to the fourth interface on switchDistribution2.

e. Check your configuration using the Check Results button. Correct any errors in the configuration.



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Step 2: Observe the operation of Spanning Tree Protoco l.

a. Wait a few minutes for Spanning Tree Protocol to open up forwarding ports that are indicated by thegreen link lights. The ports whose link lights remain orange are blocked by Spanning Tree Protocol.

b. Observe which ports are blocked. Enter Simulation mode to verify that packets from any switch can

be sent to every other switch in the network. Be sure that all events are visible in the Event ListFilters, then click Auto Capture / Play.

Step 3: Reflection

a. Why do you think Spanning Tree Protocol blocked the links that it did?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

b. Would Spanning Tree Protocol be necessary if we used routers at the Network Distribution Layer?Why or why not?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________



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5.3.2 Examining WAN Connections

ObjectiveThe show commands are very powerful commands for troubleshooting and monitoring networks. They give astatic image of the network at a given time. The use of a variety of show commands will give a clear picture ofhow the networking is communicating and transferring data.

Background / PreparationThe physical topology of the network has been designed using Frame Relay. To test the network connectivity,use a variety of show commands.

Required file: Examining WAN Connections.pka

Step 1: Examine the configuration of Branch1 and Branch2.a. Click on Branch1 and use various show commands to view the connectivity to the network.b. Use the show running-configuration command to view the router configuration.c. Use the show ip i nterface brief command to view the status of the interfaces.d. Use the various show

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