CIS 110 Fall 2 012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 1 Prof. M. Ulema Manhattan College, School of Business Computer Information Systems CIS 210: Introduction to Information Systems Lecture Notes 01 Overview of Information Systems and Information Technology
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 1
Prof. M. Ulema
Manhattan College, School of Business
Computer Information Systems
CIS 210: Introduction to Information Systems
Lecture Notes 01
Overview of Information Systems and Information Technology
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“The right information at the right time is
nine-tenths of any battle.”Abraham Lincoln
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Outline
• What is an Information System?
• Functions and Capabilities of ISs
• Business Perspective
• Information Systems Literacy
• Types of Information Systems
– Supporting Organizational Levels
– Major Business Functions
– Enterprise-wide Information Systems
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What is Information System (IS)?
• A collection of computing systems used by an organization
• A set of interrelated components that– Collect (or retrieve),
process, store, and distribute information to support
• Decision making and
• Control in an organization
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IS is not the same as IT!
• Information System
– A collection of computing systems used by an organization to deal with certain information
• Information Technology
– Broadly, an organization’s collection of information resources, their users, and the management that oversees them
– Includes the IT infrastructure and all other information systems in an organization
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Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge
• Data– Streams of raw facts representing events such as
business transactions
• Information– Clusters of facts that are meaningful and useful to
human beings in the processes such as making decisions
• Knowledge– Data and/or information that have been organized and
processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as apply to a current problem or activity
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Data vs. Information: An Example
331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29833 BK Hill Coffee 4.99173 Meow Cat .75331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29553 Cntry Ham 3.29521 Ginger Root .85CCC
Sales Region: NorthwestStore: Superstore #: 22
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNITS SOLD
331 Brilo Dish Soap 7156
YTD SALES $9,231.24Data
Information
YTD SALES of $9,231.24 is the BEST figure we had in past 10 years.
Knowledge
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Major Capabilities of ISs
• Perform high-speed, high-volume, numerical computation
• Provide fast, accurate, and inexpensive communication within and between organizations
• Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks
• Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space
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Major Capabilities of ISs (Cont.)
• Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amount of information, worldwide
• Facilitate the interpretation of vast amounts of data
• Enable communication and collaboration anywhere, any time
• Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or in several locations, anywhere
• Facilitate work in hazardous environment
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• An important instrument for creating value for the organization
OR
GA
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ATI
ON
S TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Major Factors Involved in Building ISs
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Organization: Major Business Functions
• Sales and marketing
• Manufacturing
• Finance
• Accounting
• Human resources
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Management Levels
• Senior managers:
– Make long-range strategic decisions about products and services
• Middle managers:
– Carry out the programs and plans of senior management
• Operational managers:
– Monitor the firm’s daily activities
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Major Technology Topics
• Computers – Hardware, Software
– Basic Architecture, Programming, Applications
• Databases – Storing and managing data
– Building, Querying, Modeling, Distributed DB
• Networks
– Internet, WWW, Communication Protocols
• Security
– Secrecy, Anonymity, Electronic Payments, Firewalls
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IS Types - Overview
FUNCTIONALAREAS
GROUPSSERVED
IS TYPES
SalesMarketing
Manufacturing
Finance Accounting HumanResources
KWS, Office Systems
Knowledge and Data Workers
DDS, MIS MiddleManagers
TPS
ESS SeniorManagers
OperationalManagers
IS TYPES
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Organizational Level ISsInput Processing Output Supports
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Aggregate data
Interactive Projections Strategic long term decision making
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Low volume data
Interactive Decision analysis
Complex, non-routine decision making
Management Information Systems (MIS)
High volume data
Simple models Summary reports
Routine decision making in functional areas
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
Office Systems
Design specs
Modeling Designs, graphics
Creating, gathering, organizing, integrating, and disseminating of an organization knowledge
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Daily routine transactions
Record and store
Summaries for other ISs
Collecting, organizing, and disseminating data and information
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Payroll TPS
Payroll TPSTPS Example
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DSS Example
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FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC ISs
Systems Major FunctionsSales and Marketing Systems
Sales management, Market research, Promotion, Pricing, New products
Manufacturing and Production Systems
Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, engineering, operations
Financing and Accounting Systems
Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting
Human Resources Systems
Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training
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Enterprise-Wide Information Systems
• Serve several departments or entire enterprise
– Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems
– Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
– Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems
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Supply Chain Management
• Links and coordinates the activities involved in buying, making, and moving a product
• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics time
• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costs
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
• Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firm
• Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides tools for answering questions
• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customers
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Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems
• Creating knowledge
• Discovering and codifying knowledge
• Sharing knowledge
• Distributing knowledge
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
• Integrating all data and processes of an organization into a unified system
• Key ingredient: a unified database to store data for the various system modules
• Typical modules in an ERP System:
– Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Finance, Manufacturing, Human Resources