Circulatory System By: Janice Kim & Peter JY Kim
Circulatory System
By: Janice Kim & Peter JY Kim
What it isAKA “Cardiovascular System”
system that circulates the...
blood & lymph throughout the body
consists heart, lungs, etc.
Table of contents
Body’s transport system
A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood and Lymph
Diseases & Health
Transport Systemcontains: heart, blood vessels, blood
3 jobs done
deliver needed material by blood
remove waste products
all body parts
Heart
hollow, muscular
every beat of pulse
cardiac muscle
structure
2 phases: atria contract, ventricles contract
muscles in ventricles contract, exert force on blood (heart to arteries)
Right & Left Ventricle
pacemaker: heart cells send signals out to make heart muscle contract
ex. faster hart beat, more oxygen in muscles, supplies blood
Two loops
3 types of blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, veins
Loop one & Loop Two
A closer look at blood vessels
Main function: arteries, capillaries, veins
Arteries: where blood travels once it leaves the heart
regulating blood flow: muscles are acting to control amount of blood flowing
structure
3 layers = connective, smooth, epithelial
pulse: cause by our arteries expanding and shrinking back again, spurting to cause the pulse
Capillaries: Materials exchanged between blood & body’s cell
Structure
only a cell thick, materials can pass easily through this
Diffusion: molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration
Veins: After blood moves from capillaries, it enter the veins.
structure:
three layers same as arteries, but outer wall thinner
Blood and lymph
Blood= 4 components
1) Plasma: liquid part of blood
most material transports in blood
carries nutrients: glucose, fats, vitamins, minerals
plasma proteins (3)
regulate amount water in blood
produce white blood cells, fight disease
interacts with platelets to form blood clots
2) Red Blood Cells: take up oxygen in lungs, deliver it to cells else where in the body
no red blood cells = no oxygen to breathe
produce bone marrow
able to bend, twist easily, flexible to squeeze through narrow capillaries
mostly made up of hemooglubin
3) White Blood cells: body’s disease fighter
produced in bone marrow
recognize disease-causing organisms + alert body
produce chemicals to fight invaders
surround & kill
White and redDifferences between red & white
White
has fewer #: 1 white = 500-1000 red
can live months, years
Red
smaller
continued
4) Platelets: cell fragments in forming blood clots
collect, stick to the vessel at site of wound
release chemicals to start chain reaction
produce fibrin
stops the bleeding
Blood Types
marker molecules: proteins that are on red cells
determines blood type A, B, AB, O
determine type of blood to safely receive in transfusions
cross matching: 1) check blood type 2) donate blood used
“foreign markers” = clumping proteins
Chartcharacteristic Blood type A Blood Type B Blood Type AB Blood Type O
Marker Molecules on Red Blood Cells
Clumping Proteins
anti- B anti- A no clumping proteins
anti -A and anti- B
Blood Types that Can be Safely Received in Transfusion
A and O B and O A, B, AB, and O
O
Rh factor: protein on red blood cells
determined by marker on red blood cell
Rh positive = Rh marker
Rh negative = lack markers on cells
Rh negative receiving Rh positive = Rh clumping proteins in plasma (dangerous)
Lymphatic System
network of veinlike vessels that returns fluid to blood stream
lymph: fluid inside the system
water, dissolved materials (ex. glucose)
white blood cells that left capillaries
no pump, lymphs move slowly
lymph nodes: small knobs of tissue
filters lymph, trapping bacteria in fluid (larger)
diseases and Health
Atheroslerosis
artery wall thickens by fatty materials like cholesterols
reduce flow of blood to certain areas
less oxygen due to less blood flow
heart attack = serious
Hypertension
blood pressure higher than normal
heart work harder, damaging the heart & walls of blood vessels
not many symptoms
could be caused due to atherosclerosis
when arteries get narrower, blood pressure could increase
How to avoid
Have a healthy diet
reduce fats, cholesterol, sodium
avoid smoking to reduce chance
exercise and make good choices on food
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