Circulatory System

Materi DiskusiOpen and close circulatoryCirculatory in Sponge and CoelenterataCirculatory in vertebrateCold and warm-blooded

The Circulatory SystemThe circulatory system moves nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from cellsSingle-celled organisms obtain oxygen and nutrients directly across the surface of the cellMulti-cellular organisms require methods for transporting materials to and from cells which are far removed from the external environment

Invertebrate Circulatory SystemsSponges and most Cnidarians use water from the environment as a circulatory fluidPseudocoelomate invertebrates (e.g., roundworms) use the fluids of the body cavity for circulation (=gastrovascular cavity)Larger animals have tissues that are several cells thick, such that many cells are too far away from the body surface or digestive cavity to exchange materials with the environment

In Cnidarians, respiration occurs via diffusion directly through their tissuesA gastrovascular cavity is used for digestion and transport

Invertebrate Circulatory Systems

Invertebrate Circulatory SystemsOpen circulatory system No distinction between blood and the interstitial fluid; hemolymphMost Molluscs and Arthropods A tubular muscle, or heart, pumps hemolymph through a network of channels and body cavities, before draining back to the central cavityHemolymph directly bathes the internalorgans

Insect

The Circulatory SystemClosed circulatory system The circulating fluid, or blood, is enclosed within blood vessels that transport it away from and back to the heartAll vertebrates, cephalopod molluscs, and annelidsConsists ofheart, bloodvessels andblood

Vertebrate Circulatory SystemsSurface area as the physiological complexity of animals increased, so too did the need for more surface area to transport and exchange nutrients and oxygen (and remove CO2 and metabolic wastes)Adaptations have allowed the development of large body size and locomotion

Vertebrate Circulatory Systemshttp://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/ocean/images/03_oceanlife/features/06_whales/whale.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bar-headed_Goose_-_St_James%27s_Park,_London_-_Nov_2006.jpgCheck out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd_w3biT3TU

Vertebrate Circulatory SystemsFish evolved a 2-chambered heart to increase efficiency of gas exchange in gillsFirst to contract1.2.3.4.

Vertebrate Circulatory SystemsThe evolution of lungs in amphibians involved a major change in the pattern of circulation a second pumping circuitAfter blood is pumped from the heart through pulmonary arteries to the lungs, it is returned to the heart via pulmonary veinsDouble circulation gives boost to speed/pressure at which blood is transported to the rest of the bodyPulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs; Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body

HeartDeoxygenated blood from body is pumped through the heart and to the lungsOxygenated blood is returned to heart to be pumped to rest of the body1b.1a.2a.2b.

Vertebrate Circulatory SystemsAmphibians and most reptiles have a 3-chambered heart2 atria and 1 ventricleSome mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated bloodRight atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood (pulmonary) from the lungs no mixing in the atriaSeparation of pulmonary and systemic incomplete in ventricle

Amphibian and Reptilian CirculationAmphibians obtain additional oxygen via diffusion through their (moist) skinReptiles have a septum that partially subdivides the ventricleSeparation is complete in Crocodilians (septum divides ventricle into 2 separate ventricles; a 4-chambered heart)Further reduces mixing of blood in the heartAtria receive blood returning to the heartVentricles pump blood out of the heart

Mammalian and Avian (and Crocodilian) Circulatory SystemsOxygenated and deoxygenated blood does not mix; completely separated4-chambered heart: 2 atria, 2 ventriclesRight atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the right ventricle which pumps it to the lungs (pulmonary); the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body (systemic)

1. Deoxygenated blood from body is pumped through the heart and to lungs2. Oxygenated blood is returned to heart to be pumped to rest of the body

DucksLizard

What is the difference between warm and cold-blooded animals ?

Cold-blooded animals body temperature depends on how cold or warm the temperature is around them. Cold blooded animals often like to bask in the sun to warm up. Some insects die when it gets too cold, however others survive by migrating to warmer areas or underground.Warm-blooded creatures, like mammals and birds, can keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. They do this by cooling themselves when they are in a hotter environment.

Marine IguanaAlligator

What does it mean when cold-blooded creatures take on the temperature of their surroundings?

It means that their body temperature depends on the temperature surrounding them. Example: They are hot when their environment is hot and cold when their environment is cold. Cold-blooded animals are more active in warm environments then in cold environments. They are sluggish in cold environments.How the environment affects a cold-blooded animals body temperature.Snake

What does it mean to be cold blooded or warm blooded?

The temperature of an animals blood is related to its body temperature.

Honeybees stay warm by moving their wings and crowding together to generate heat.Some cold blooded animals, such as bees or dragonflies, shiver to stay warm when in a cold environment.Bees

Warm-blooded animals can remain active in cold environments in which cold-blooded animals can hardly move.

Warm-blooded animals can live in almost every surface environment on Earth, like in artic regions or on high mountains where most cold-blooded animals would have difficulty surviving.Warm-blooded animals can remain active, seek food and defend themselves in a wide range of outdoor temperatures. Cold-blooded animals can only do this when they are warm enough. Example of a cold-blooded animalToad

Large animals such as elephants have difficulty cooling down. To stay cool, warm blooded animals sweat or pant to loose heat by water evaporation. They can also cool off by moving into a shaded area or by getting wet. Only mammals can sweat. Primates, such as humans, apes and monkeys, have sweat glands all over their bodies. Dogs and cats have sweat glands only on their feet.How warm-blooded animals can cool down.Elephants

Whales are mammals who have no sweat glands, but then since they live in the water, they dont really need them. Large mammals have difficulty cooling down if they get over heated.This is why elephants, for example, have large, thin ears which loose heat quickly. Mammals have hair, fur or blubber, and birds have feathers to keep it warm. Many mammals have thick layers of fur, which keep them warm in the winter.Whales

Thank you for viewing my presentation

*Single celled organisms are in constant contact with their environment*(simple animals) lack a discrete circ system; sponges circulate water using many incurrent pores and one excurrent poreThese inverts are very small and are long and/or thin such that circulation is accomplished by movement of the body against the body fluids; use the digestive tract as a circ systemThese organisms transport O2 and nutrients from the environment and digestive cavity to the body cells by an internal fluid within a circulatory system*Sponges no separate circ system; many incurrent pores, one excurrentHydra gastrovas for dig and a circ system, delivering nuts to the tissue cells by diffusion from gastrovas cavityNematode (round worm) thin enough that the dig tract can be used as a circ systemInsect open circ system, hemolymph is pumped from a tubular heart into cavities in the insects bodyClosed of earthworm blood pumped from the hearts remains within a system of vessels that returns it to the hearts. All verts have closed*Arthropods = all insects!Interior of the body = hemocoel; heart and muscular movements by the animal fascilitate circulation; hemocyanin transports O2*Earthworm dorsal vessel contracts rhythmically to function as a pump; blood pushed through 5 small arteries, which also function as pumps to a ventral vessel, which transports the blood posteriorally until it re-enters the dorsal ventral; smaller vessels branch from each artery to supply the tissues of the earthworm with O2 and nuts and to remove wastes*Larger wing area for its weight; hemoglobin of blood has greater affinity for O2 than other geese, powerful muscles, take advantage of tailwinds; generates body heat which is retained in their down, keeps their wings from accumulating ice! Avian resp sacs circulate air through lungs twice increasing opps for capturing O229,000 ft*The development of gills required a more efficient pumpThe first chamber sinus venosus and atrium; second chamber conus arteriosus and ventricleAfter blood leaves the conus arteriosus, it moves through the gills becoming oxygenated; blood leaving the gills flows through a network of arteries to the rest of the body and returns to the sinus venosus; limitation slow circulation from gills to rest of the body; passage slows through capillaries*(very end) gravity tends to pool blood, need more of a pump than in fish*Internal channels created by recesses in ventricle wall help reduce mixing; conus arteriosus (conical pouch) is partially separated by a dividing wall which directs de-O2ed blood into the pulmonary arteries and oxygenated blood into the aorta the major artery of systemic circulationVentricle pumps blood to both lungs and the rest of the body*Gives pressure boost before sending it to the body, separated from non-O2 blood; accommodates the greater demand of O2 from these organisms*Deoxygenated blood from body is pumped through the heart and to the lungsOxygenated blood is returned to heart to be pumped to rest of the body (where it gives up O2)