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Presented by-Namrata Kadambi(14005)Saurabh Nair(14007)Urvashi Pachpute(14008)Rajdatt Vernekar(14015)Circulatory system and its mathematical modelDate : 26th August 2016
INDEXAnatomy and physiology of the circulatory system.Variation of po2 levels in the blood.Generation of action potentialCardiac conducting systemElectrophysiologyCardiac action potentialExcitation-contraction coupling.Mathematical modeling of the circulatory system.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System
Layers of the heart
Heart is made up of 3 layers .Epicardium .Myocardium.Endocardium .
Epicardium Outermost layer.Thin layer .Lubricate & protect .Myocardium Muscular middle layer .Contains .Majority of thickness & mass of the heart .Endocardium Simple squamous endothelium .Lines inside the heart.Function: Prevents blood from sticking to the inside surface of the heart.
Anatomy of the heart
Size Weighs (200-425 gms).Location.Between lungs in the middle of the chest ,behind & slightly to the left of the sternum.4. Pericardium double layered membrane.Produces fluid to lubricate the heart & prevent friction.Outer layer surrounds the roots of heart blood vessels & attached by ligament to spinal column , diaphragm .Inner layer attached to heart muscle .
5. Heart has 4 chambers Upper chamber consists of left & right atrium. Lower chamber consists of left & right ventricle .Atria Size .Less Muscular walls .Receiving chambers .Connected to veins that carry blood to heart.Ventricles Size.Stronger pumping chambers .Connected to arteries that carry blood away from the heart .
Physiology of the cardiac system
Right atrium : Receives blood from the veins & pumps it to the right ventricle .Right ventricle : Receives blood from the right atrium & pumps it to the lungs where it is loaded with oxygen.Left atrium : Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs & pumps it to the left ventricle .Left ventricle : pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body. Left ventricle is the largest & strongest chamber.
Variation of po2 levels in the blood
What is Po2 level?Varying of Po2 levels when the blood reaches the lungs.Po2 levels in the pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries.
Variation of po2 levels in the blood
Generation of action potential
Conduction of an impulse
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Electrophysiology
Two main forces drive ions across cell membranes:
Chemical potential:an ion will move down itsconcentration gradient.Electrical potential:an ion will move away from ions/molecules of like charge.
Ion Channels
Thetransmembrane potential (TMP)is the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the inside and the outside of a cell. When there is anetmovement of +ve ionsintoa cell, the TMP becomes more +ve, and when there is anetmovement of +ve ionsoutof a cell, TMP becomes more ve.
Trans-membrane ionic concentration
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Cardiac action potential
Phase 4: The resting phasePhase 0: DepolarizationPhase 1: Early repolarizationPhase 2: The plateau phasePhase 3: Repolarization
Excitation-Contraction coupling
Contractile proteinsMain contractile elements:
Myosin: thick filaments with globular heads evenly spaced along their length; containsmyosin ATPase.Actin: smaller molecule (thin filaments) consisting of two strands arranged as an alpha-helix, woven between myosin filaments.
Regulatory elements:
Tropomyosin: double helix that lies in the groove between actin filaments. It prevents contraction in the resting state by inhibiting the interaction between myosin heads and actin.Troponin: complex with three subunits that sits at regular intervals along the actin strands.
Mathematical modeling of the circulatory system
Block diagram of the circulatory system
Mathematical model
Bibliography www.google.comwww.pathophys.orgEn.wikipedia.orgwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.govwww.siam.org
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