Circulatory Disorders. Coronary Artery Disease Plaque buildup in coronary arteries. Prevents the heart from receiving oxygen-rich blood. Causes/Risk Factors:

Circulatory Disorders

Coronary Artery Disease

• Plaque buildup in coronary arteries.• Prevents the heart from receiving oxygen-rich blood.• Causes/Risk Factors:

– Smoking and alcoholism.– High blood pressure.– High blood cholesterol.– Stress.– Diabetes.– Obesity.– Lack of physical activity.– Age, gender, and family history.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath.• Angina:

– Pain or pressure in chest, shoulders, arm, neck, jaw or back.

– Parts of heart muscle not receiving enough O2, so muscle strain causes pain.

Symptoms

• Some may not experience any symptoms until they suffer from a heart attack, heart failure or arrhythmia.

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Diagnosis

• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG).• Echocardiogram.• Chest X-ray.• Blood tests.

Treatment

• Angioplasty.• Coronary artery bypass surgery.• Medicines.

– To ↓ blood pressure, blood cholesterol, etc.• Lifestyle changes.

– Quit smoking and ↓ alcohol consumption.– ↑ physical activity and focus on healthy diet.

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Leukemia

• Bone marrow cancer leads to abnormal WBC production in overabundance.

• Abnormal functioning of WBCs prevents them from dying.

• Overcrowding of bone marrow to where it is unable to manufacture other blood cells (RBCs, platetlets).

• Causes/Risk Factors:– Radiation & chemotherapy.– Benzene.– Smoking.

Symptoms

• Swollen, pain-free lymph nodes.• Bleeding and bruising easily.• Fevers and night sweats.• Frequent infections.• Fatigue.• Unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis

• Physical exam.– Swollen lymph nodes, spleen or liver.

• Blood test.– High WBC and/or low

platelets and hemoglobin.

• Bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment

• Dependant on type of leukemia, age, and health.– Bone marrow transplant.– Chemotherapy.– Radiation therapy.– Stem cell transplant

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Marfan’s Syndrome

• Heritable condition that affects connective tissue.– Autosomal dominant.

• 25% of all cases are a result of a spontaneous mutation.

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Symptoms

• Tall and slender.

• Retinal detachment.

• * Aortic dilation.– More likely to rupture sudden death.

• * Leaky heart valves.– Heart murmor.

Diagnosis

• Physical exam.

• Genetic analysis rarely completed.

Treatment

• Skeletal: orthopedic braces or surgery.• Vision: surgery or eye glasses.• Heart: medications, valve replacement,

aorta repair.