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Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Feb 04, 2018

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Page 1: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Circulatory And Respiration

Page 2: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

CompositionOf

Blood

Page 3: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Blood

Page 4: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 5: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Heart

Heart

Aorta

Artery

Arteriole

Capillary Bed

Venule

Vein

Vena Cava

200mmHg

120mmHg

50mmHg

Page 6: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 7: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Differences Between Arteries and Veins

• Veins transport blood away from the heart

• Veins are low pressure vessels• Veins have valves

Page 8: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Arteries and Veins

Page 9: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 10: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 11: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Coronary artery

Plaque

Page 12: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Arteriosclerosis

HDL’s: Carry cholesterol away from cell to liver

LDL’s: Carry cholesterol to tissues including coronary artery

Page 13: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 14: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

High blood pressure can rupture blood vessels in the brain causing a hemorrhagic stroke.

Page 15: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Normal Blood Pressure• Systolic Pressure

– Maximum pressure during ventricular contraction

• Diastolic Pressure– Minimum pressure during ventricular

relaxation

• Textbook Values: SP 120 mmHgDP 80 mmHg

Page 16: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Ruptured blood vesselsin the retina associated with hypertension

Hypertension = High Blood Pressure

Page 17: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

The Sinoatrial Node

Page 18: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

The Cardiac Cycle

Atrial emptying Ventricular Ventricular fillingemptying

Page 19: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

The Respiratory System

Page 20: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (Energy)

The Equation for Cellular Respiration

Page 21: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

The Respiratory SystemCommon passageway forfood and air

Food transport tube

Voice boxWind pipe

Functional part of lungSite of gas exchange

Prevents food fromentering air passageways

Transports air to right andleft lung

Page 22: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

--------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------

AnatomicalDead Space

Anatomical Dead Space Holds 150 ml air

Page 23: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 24: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Alveoli: The site of gasexchange

Page 25: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Daltons Law• The total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is

equal to the sum of the individual pressures (partial pressures) of each of the different gases in the mixture.

• Atmospheric Pressure (pATM) = 760 mm Hg at sea level

• Note: Atmospheric Pressure can be referred to as Barometric Pressure

Page 26: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Dalton’s Law

• pAtm at sea level = _________• Air

– 78 % N2

– 21 % O2

• pO2 = (Percent O2 in air) X (pAtm)

760 mm Hg

pO2 = ______ X _____ = _______.21 760mmHg 158 mm Hg

Page 27: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

An increase in elevation results in a decrease in atmospheric (barometric) pressure.Mount Everest: 29,142 feetpAtm = 245 mm Hg pO2 = .21 X 245 mmHg = 51mm Hg

Page 28: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

View Of Whitney: 14,495 feet; pAtm = 400 mm Hg

Mount Whitney

pO2 = _____ X _____ = _____.21 400 84 mm Hg

Page 29: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Mt. Everest: 29,142 ft.pAtm = 245 mm Hg

Effects of Elevation

Mt. Whitney14,495 ft.

pO2 at the top of Mt. Everest

pO2 = .21 X 245 = 51mm Hg

Page 30: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

What will happen to the size of this balloon if you carry it from sea level up a mountain?

What happens to the distance between oxygenmolecules as you carrythe balloon up a mountain?

Page 31: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

pATM is _____________Molecules are __________

Sea Level versus the Top of Mount Everest

Mount Everest

Sea Level

pAtm is ______________________Molecules are _________________

higher than Everestcloser together

much lower than sea levelfurther apart

Page 32: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Hypoxia = Low Blood Oxygen

Humans experiencehypoxia at highelevation

The top ofRed SlateMountain

Page 33: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.
Page 34: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

pO2 = 100mmHg

pCO2 = 40mmHgpO2 = 40mmHg

pCO2 = 45mmHg

pO2 in tissues is 40mmHg

pCO2 in tissues is 45mmHg

GasDiffusion

Blood enteringalveolar capillaries

Blood leaving alveolar capillaries

Page 35: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

97

--------------------75 Oxygen – HemoglobinDissociation Curve

What happens to theSaturation of Hemoglobin whenpO2 increases?

Page 36: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

What happens to pO2 aselevation increases?

Page 37: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Factors that affect the partial pressure of oxygen

What happens to bodythe saturation ofhemoglobin when bodytemperature rises?

---- Normal body temperature

Page 38: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Factors that affect the saturation of hemoglobin

Page 39: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Boyles Law• A: Normal volume and pressure• B: Volume is decreased resulting in

increased pressure• C: Volume is increased resulting in

decreased pressure

Page 40: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Rib cage expandswhen external

intercostals contract

Rib cage gets smallerwhen external intercostals relax

Page 41: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Ventilation of the Lungs

Page 42: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Ventilation: Moving Air in andOut of Lungs

Contract external intercostals Contract Diaphragm

_______ Volume of Thoracic Cavity

_______ Pressure of Thoracic cavity

pAtm is greater than air pressure in thoracic cavity

AIR MOVES IN (INHALATION)

Page 43: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Respiratory Rate and Tidal Volume

• Respiratory rate = Number of breaths you take per minute

– Textbook value = 12 breaths per minute

• Tidal Volume– Volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing– The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal resting breath

– Textbook value = 500 ml per breath

Page 44: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Pulmonary Ventilation (PV)

• Pulmonary Ventilation (PV)– The volume of air that moves in out of the

lungs in one minute

– PV = Respiratory Rate X Respiratory Volume

– Resting PV = Respiratory Rate X Tidal Volume= ____________ X __________= ___________________

12 breaths/min 500 ml /breath6,000 ml/min

Page 45: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Regulation of Respiratory Rate

• The primary factor that controls respiratory rate is the amount of CO2 in the blood.– Increased CO2 causes a/an ___ in respiratory rate– Decreased CO2 causes a/an ___in respiratory rate– Hyperventilation _____ blood CO2 levels– Holding your breath ____ blood CO2 levels

• An increase in blood CO2 has what effect on blood pH?

Page 46: Circulatory And Respiration - Mt. San Antonio Collegeinstruction2.mtsac.edu/sschmidt/biology/selected_lectures/Bio... · The Respiratory System Common passageway for food and air.

Regulation of Respiratory Rate

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-