Circulating tumor cells

SHUBHAMITA SAHA1NH10BT045

B.E. BIOTECHNOLOGY

CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS

For early stage Cancer detection

What are Circulating tumor cells?

These are cells which shed from a cancerous tumor, enter the circulatory system through the blood and affects other organs, leading to death of that organism.

The first CTCs were observed in the year 1869 by Thomas Ashworth. He demonstrated its critical role in the spread of metastatic carcinoma. Ashworth, T. R (1869).

2VIII SEMESTER TECHNICAL SEMINAR05/03/2023

CTC under Microscope (fluorescent labeled)


Circulating tumor cells are found in frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTC per ml of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease.

They posses the characteristics which reflect the heterogeneity of cancer.

Hence there isolation and identification is quite challenging and not so easily detected.

Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012). 4VIII SEMESTER TECHNICAL SEMINAR05/03/2023

DETECTION & ISOLATION METHODS

-It is totally based on Micro Fluidics


CELL SEARCH METHOD-(epithelial cell adhesion molecule) EpCAM

method

Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012). 6VIII SEMESTER TECHNICAL SEMINAR05/03/2023

Gold based nano-particle adherence method


Mosaic CTC assay method


Di-electrophoresis separation


ISOFLUX SYSTEM


CTC-CHIPAn Exciting New Tool to Detect Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer and Prostate Cancer Patients

(M. Toner,J. Kaiser)


It is a Silicon Chip of the size of standard microscopic slide. It has an array of 78,000µm-sized posts and they are etched

in a specific geometric pattern. The chip is “functionalized” with Epithelial cell adhesion

molecule (EpCAM). It was introduced by Dr. Mehmet Toner in the year 2007, at

Massachusetts General Hospital. (M. Toner,J. Kaiser)


PROCEDURE


Fluorescent Staining of different antibodies present within the metastatic

cells


Structure of CTC lung Cancer under Microscope


Structure of CTC Breast Cancer under Microscope


Structure of CTC Colon Cancer under Microscope


Scientists believe that Micro Fluidics will play a significant role in promoting the study of CTCs and advancing the race toward achieving clinical relevance.

Some of the Microfluidics system has already gained importance in the world of clinical trials.

Microfluidics has facilitated the development of many innovative and flexible research systems that can capture CTCs at increasingly higher yields and facilitate all manners of downstream characterization.

Recent research is made to make CTCs as therapeutic drug targets and biomarkers. (Butler JE, Ni L)

Future Prospects…


CTCs are the messenger and message of metastasis

If we understand CTCs

We can understand metastasis

We can interfere with metastasis early on

We have a better chance of successfully treating patients


BIBLIOGRAPHY Butler JE, Ni L, Nessler R, Joshi KS, Suter M, Rosenberg B, Chang J,Brown

WR, Cantarero LA: The physical and functional behavior of capture antibodies adsorbed on polystyrene. J Immunol Methods 1992,150:77e90.

M. Toner. (2013, January 14). Keynote Speaker. SLAS Conference: Miami, Florida.

J. Kaiser. (2010). “Cancer's Circulation Problem.” Science Journals. (Online article). http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5969/1072.full.

Cristofanilli M, Hayes DF, Budd GT, et al. Circulating tumor cells: a novel prognostic factor for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer,J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1420 –1430.

Ashworth, T. R (1869). "A case of cancer in which cells similar to those in the tumors were seen in the blood after death". Australian Medical Journal 14: 146–7.

Yu M., Haber D. A., et al. (2012). "RNA sequencing of pancreatic circulating tumor cells implicates WNT signaling in metastasis". Nature 487 (7408): 510–3.

Butler JE, Ni L, Nessler R, Joshi KS, Suter M, Rosenberg B, Chang J,Brown WR, Cantarero LA: The physical and functional behavior of capture antibodies adsorbed on polystyrene. J Immunol Methods 1992,150:77e90


http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5969/1072.full


Circulating tumor cells

Healthcare