CIP future of zoning nlamontagne

Neal LaMontagne - University of California Los AngelesJoe Nethery - Town of Oakville ONMarcelo Figuera - City of St. Albert AB

DISPATCHES FROM THE

FUTURE OF ZONING

CIP Infuse 2013Vancouver BC

Introduction: Future of Zoning

Prediction is difficult,especially about the future- Niels Bohr

The Future of ZoningInfuse 2013Vancouver BC

02/62Neal LaMontagneUniversity of California Los Angeles

Zoning matters- shapes our cities and resolves spatial conflicts

- generative software for urbanism

- design at the scale of cities

- implements our visions and values in physical space



Zoning is seen as- too rigid / inflexible

- too indiscriminate

- not responsive to complex conditions

- top down / teleocratic

- not delivering the cities we aspire to

SO WHERE DO WE GO NEXT?



Major ‘meta’-trends shaping the Future of Zoning- ubiquitous data / technological advancement

- increasingly complex urban environments

- generational shift

- empowered (and networked) communities

- demand for high-performance urbanism



The Future of Zoning

8 TRENDS



01: The Future of Zoning is

PERFORMANCE



01\ PERFORMANCE

Key Drivers

- Desire for Higher-Performance Development

- Availability of Ubiquitous Data

- Demand for Nexus between Policy and Regulation

- Opportunity to Enable Design Innovation



Performance Zoning Lane Kendig et al (1980)

City of Vancouver Green Building Policy Implementation Timeline

ElementsDB Case-Based Urban Design Data Tool (UBC SALA)

Vancouver Point + Podium Towers Performance-based building typology

ALTERNATIVE 1

CONCENTRATED OFFICE CORE,MAXIMUM RESIDENTIAL

ASH ST

BROADWAY

MARKET ST

5TH A

VE

PARK

BLV

D

IMPERIAL AVE

1ST

AVE

IND

IA S

T

ALTERNATIVE 2

DOUBLE MULTI-USE CORES,EXPANDED RESIDENTIAL AREA

ASH ST

BROADWAY

MARKET ST

5TH A

VE

PARK

BLV

D

IMPERIAL AVE

Existing

Pipeline/Planned

Residential

Office

Mixed Use

Hotel

Civic/Public

Parking

Open Space

1ST

AVE

IND

IA S

T

ALTERNATIVE 3

LARGE MULTI-USE CORE,WATERFRONT RETAIL DISTRICT

ASH ST

BROADWAY

MARKET ST

5TH A

VE

PARK

BLV

D

IMPERIAL AVE

1ST

AVE

IND

IA S

T

Built Form Alternative Modeling San Diego Centre City Plan - Dyett and Bhatia

“Parametric Urbanism” Patrick Shumacher - Zaha Hadid Architects

01\ PERFORMANCE

Key Questions

- What are the relevant metrics?

- Must maintain a qualitative spirit (not all that counts...)

- What are the skills/tools needed to manage data +

- Do your zoning requirements consider performance?



02\ The Future of Zoning is

PUBLIC VALUE



02\ PUBLIC VALUE

Key Drivers

- Increased pressure on public budgets

- Higher density development requires a higher level of public amenity (Density Done Well)

- Development approval is effective + targeted lever for balancing public + private value



Creekside Community Centre Village on False Creek, Vancouver BC

Tiered Development Potential Santa Monica (CA) Land Use + Circulation Element

39

49

22

22

49

22

23

39

22

26

23

39

19

23

16

39

26

11

51

23

39

11

23

11

16

51

3911

South St

Hollis St

Barrington St

Queen St

Sackville St

Morris St

South Park St

Upper Water St

Spring Garden Rd

Granville St

Bell Rd

Argyle St

Brunswick S

t

Prince St

Grafton St

Duke St

Gottingen St

Ahern Ave

College St

Dresden R

ow

Kent St

Salter St

Tobin St

Summ

er St

Marginal R

d

Victoria Rd

Maitland St

Fenwick St

Green St

Birmingham

St

Brenton St

Cornwall

is St

Martello S

t

Albemarle St

Harvey St

Tower R

d

Creighton St

Blowers St

Church St

Falkland St

Portland

Pl

Lucknow St

Smith St

Maynard St

Tower Terr

Doyle St

Wellington St

Carmichael St

University Ave

Carlton St

Bauer St

Wright Ave

Brenton Pl

Bland St

Scotian Rd

Map 4Maximum

Pre-Bonus Heights

±0 100 200

metres

Effective: Note: Effective date does not indicate date of data creation.

Downtown HalifaxLand Use By-Law

(in metres)

28

22

22

22

22

49

28

49

49

23

19

31

23

49

34

22

16

49

28

11

66

23

11

3411

16

31

28

66

4911

!

22

South St

Hollis St

Barrington St

Queen St

Sackville St

Morris St

South Park St

Lower W

ater St

Upper Water St

Spring Garden Rd

Granville St

Bell Rd

Argyle St

Brunswick S

t

Prince St

Grafton St

Gottingen St

Ahern Ave

College St

Dresden R

ow

Kent St

Salter St

Tobin St

Summ

er St

Marginal R

d

Victoria Rd

Maitland St

Fenwick St

Green St

Birmingham

St

Brenton St

Cornwall

is St

Martello S

t

Albemarle St

Harvey St

Tower R

d

Creighton St

Blowers St

Church St

Falkland St

Portland

Pl

Lucknow St

Smith St

Maynard St

Tower Terr

Doyle St

Wellington St

Carmichael St

University Ave

Carlton St

Bauer St

Wright Ave

Brenton Pl

Bland St

Scotian Rd

Map 5Maximum

Post-Bonus Heights

±0 100 200

metres

Effective: Note: Effective date does not indicate date of data creation.

Downtown HalifaxLand Use By-Law

Post-Bonus Height Area

Rampart Maximum

(in metres)

Pre+Post-Bonus Height Regulations Halifax by Design Downtown Plan

02\ PUBLIC VALUE

Key Questions

- How to manage legal uncertainty

- How to ensure legislative + planning discipline

- Transparency and public involvement




‘JUMPING THE CURB’



03\ JUMPING THE CURB

Key Drivers

- Need to connect public and private realm decision making

- Recognize the relationship between street and building

- Key aspect of urban performance is linking movement and land use



How can LA Streets be More Livable Huma Husain UCLA MURP 2012

Street + Private Lot Standards SmartCode

“Design Districts” Howard Blackson - Placemakers

03\ JUMPING THE CURB

Key Questions

- How to coordinate between departments?

- Is zoning the right tool? (the hammer problem)

- How can we localize decision-making?




SOCIAL



04\ SOCIAL

Key Drivers

- Public demand to participate in development decision-making

- New networking technologies + cultures changing engagement

- Need for codes that are reflective of and responsive to complex public interests



Talk Green to Us City of Vancouver Crowdsourcing/Public Engagement site

726 distinct ideas

3,100 users

2,100 comments

28,000 votes

21,500 visits

MetroQuest Visualization Screen

Open Source Planning + Coding

PARTICIPATING SCHOOLS (VANCOUVER)

General GordonHenry Hudson Bayview Kitsilano High

371YOUTH PARTICIPANTS

Age 6 – 10

Age 11–13

Age 14–17

92

171

108

GRADE BREAKDOWN

WORKSHOPS

X X

AVG # OFSTUDENTS

AVG # OFMINUTES

WORKSHOP COMMITTMENTS

Sample Size

Total Student Enrollment

371 / 2392 = 15.5% of total current enrollment

PARTICIPANT MAKE UP

371

2392

Making Point Grey / Cornwall Fun, Safe & Easy for Youth.^more

QUESTIONS

How do you have fun in your neighbourhood?

What stops you from having fun?

How can we make it safer and easier to have fun in your neighbourhood?

FUN SAFE EASY

INTERSECTIONS 33%TRAFFICCALMING29%

LIGHTING20%

GREENING 30%

PERMITTING 21%

PLAY 20%

PLAY14%

GREENING16% PERMITTING

15%

OVERALL PROJECT RECOMMENDATIONS & PRIORITIES

The Green Streets Game enables participants to examine and collaboratively redesign their streets into fun, safe, and easy public spaces. This report is a summary of youth recommendations for the Point Grey-Cornwall Active Transportation project.

Fun Examples: Trees / Rezoning / Playground

Safe Examples: Painted Crossing / Speed bumps / Street lights

Easy Examples: Waste Bins / Rezoning / Playground

1. Neighbourhood food carts2. WiFi trees

3. Retractable covered sidewalks4. Mid-block street crossings

5. Creek and stream daylighting6. Street closures

CROSSING MAIN STREET CROSSING BIKE ROUTE

PED. BRIDGE10%

PED. BRIDGE7%

TUNNEL6%

ACCESSIBILITYRAMPS 13%

MID BLOCKCROSSING 6%

MID BLOCKCROSSING 7%

PAINTING CROSSING37%

PAINTING CROSSING38%

TRAFFICLIGHT 26%

TRAFFICLIGHT 26%

INTERSECTION RECOMMENDATIONS

COOL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

PREFERRED ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS

GREENING 25%INTERSECTIONS 13%

PERMITTING 13%

PLAY 11%

WEATHERPROOFING8%

LIGHTING7%

BIKEINFRA.9%

TRAFFICCALMING 10%

AMENITY 2%

ART 1%

SITTING 2%

Julien Thomas // [email protected] Kebede // [email protected]

June 2013

For more information on the project and/or to see the full report please follow the link or contact:http://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/point-grey-cornwall

Green Streets Game Youth Engagement for City of Vancouver

04\ SOCIAL

Key Questions

- Need to ensure equity in decision-making

- How to engage diverse (and distracted) communities

- How to communicate implications

- How to balance the ‘tyranny of the established’




ADAPTIVE



05\ ADAPTIVE

Key Drivers

- Cities are problems of ‘organized complexity’

- Smart cities are ‘learning cities’

- Public interests are evolving

- Any zoning code must be a living document

- Influence of “Tactical Urbanism”

- We already do so, but in an ad-hoc way (variance, rezoning)



ROAR_One Lang Wilson Practice in Architecture Culture

‘Urban Prairie’ Public Parket Robson Street Vancouver BC

05\ ADAPTIVE

Key Questions

- How to balance flexibility with predictability?

- What is the value of stability in an accelerated culture?

- How do we staff the zoning counter of the future?

- How do we build ‘feedback loops’ into our processes?

- Is your zoning code future-proof?




ITERATIVE



06\ ITERATIVE

Key Drivers

- Zoning cannot keep pace with demand for change

- Difficult to generate support for ‘big changes’

- Iterative models more compatible to how cities evolve



invisible hidden gentle

Forms of Infill Densification City of Vancouver EcoDensity Initiative

Laneway Housing City of Vancouver

low-rise apartments

stacked townhouses

traditional rowhouses

duplex

Allowable Housing Typologies Norquay Village Neighbourhood Centre Plan

05\ ITERATIVE

Key Questions

- Can we democratize zoning revisions?

- Is iteration a conservative principle?

- How do we incorporation evolution into zoning codes?




DESIGN DIVERSITY



06\ DESIGN DIVERSITY

Key Drivers

- Design is a growth-industry in zoning

- Design innovation does not bloom under design control

- People seek ‘signs of life’ in cities + neighbourhoods

- Design community seeks opportunities for expression

- Allowing for design flexibility = an important feedback loop



Neo-Traditional Townhouses Mount Pleasant Neighbourhood, Vancouver BC

Koos Corner Strathcona Neighbourhood, Vancouver BC

2013-05-15 9:25 AMJoi Ito’s Plan For Urban Innovation: “Let A Thousand Weirdos Bloom” | Co.Exist: World changing ideas and innovation

Page 1 of 5http://www.fastcoexist.com/1681959/joi-ito-s-plan-for-urban-innovation-let-a-thousand-weirdos-bloom

Joi Ito’s Plan For Urban

Innovation: “Let A

Thousand Weirdos Bloom”

Instead of planning for an urban renewal, the head of MIT’s Media Lab sayscities should just get out of the way and make it easier for young andinteresting people to do what they do best: innovate.

Ever since Richard Florida published The Rise of the Creative Class, back in 2002, urban

planners have been hot to find the secret key to unleashing innovation (and its

attendant jobs) in their cities.

Is it all about attracting gays (perhaps Florida’s most newsworthy prescription at the

time. What a difference a decade makes!)? Artists? Techies? And, more importantly, if a

city doesn’t already have a home-base of such “creatives," what can city fathers do to

attract it?

Joi Ito, the director of MIT’s famed Media Lab, has a different idea: Find what talent

already exists in your city, the more iconoclastic the better, and then nurture it without

284 295

Find your own weirdos, and figure out

how to amplify them.

“”

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Co.DESIGN Co.CREATE Co.LABS SUBSCRIBE EXIST DAILY

‘Misregistered’ Zoning Code ZAGO Architecture - MOMA Foreclosed

06\ DESIGN DIVERSITY

Key Questions

- What is role of design review

- How to champion creativity and design at the small scale

- How to define creativity or design excellence




FRIENDLY



SPECIFIC TO TRANSECT ZONE 5: URBAN CENTREJUNE 2007

Building Intensity and Density

1.0 Maximum Floor Area Ratio: 3.0

2.0 Minimum Floor Area Ratio: 2.0

3.0 Maximum Residential Density: 212 units per hectare (86 units per acre)

4.0 Minimum Open Space Requirements: 10%

Building Function

1.0 Use Mix: Does not apply to Non-Residential Areas

Building Typology

1Employment-Related Uses include office, retail, commercial, lodging or industrial (subject to use restrictions).

Lot Size Minimum Percentage of Use Type

Employment Related Uses1 Residential

2500sq m or more 30% 60%

2500sq m or less 80% —

Development Phasing

Development projects may develop one use type before another provided that:

a) The use type does not exceed the maximum percentage of the overall site FAR, and;

b) Future development of the remainder can be accommodated without excessive disruption to existing tenants / residents.

1Residential is not permitted in Non-Residential Areas.

Thoroughfares & Major Streets

Minor Streets & Lanes

At Grade Above Grade At Grade Above Grade

Residential1 Entries only Permitted Permitted Permitted

Retail Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Office Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Lodging Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Live / Work Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Industrial Entries only Permitted Entries only Permitted

Building Type Street Type

Thorough-fares

Major Streets

Minor Streets Lanes

Signature High-Rise

Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted

High-Rise Permitted Permitted Restricted Restricted

Mid-Rise (High)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Mid-Rise (Low)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Ground-Oriented

Restricted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Min St: 10.6mL: 7.6m

30m tower

Building Envelope

1.0 Height1

2.0 Placement (Build-to-Lines)

Mid-Rise (Low) / Ground-Oriented High-Rise Mid-Rise (High)

45m tower

High-Rise / Mid-Rise (High)

A B

Mid-Rise (Low) / Ground-Oriented

A


Thorough-fares

Major Streets

Minor Streets

Lanes

Signature High-Rise

Podium Tower

——

——

——

——

High-Rise Podium 15m 10.6m — —

Tower 45m 45m — —

Mid-Rise (High)

Podium Tower

15m30m

10.6m30m

10.6m30m

7.6m30m

Mid-Rise (Low)

— 15m 10.6m 10.6m 7.6m

Ground-Oriented

— 15m 10.6m 10.6m 7.6m

1All building heights subject to Transport Canada regulations.


Thorough-fares

Major Streets

Minor Streets

Lanes

Signature High-Rise

Podium — — — —

Tower — — — —

High-Rise Podium 5.8m min7.6m max

5.4m min7.6m max

— —

Tower 7.6m min 7.6m min — —

Mid-Rise (High)

Podium 5.8m min7.6m max

5.4m min7.6m max

5.4m min12.6m max

5.4m min12.6m max

Tower 7.6m min 7.6m min 7.6m min 7.6m min

Mid-Rise (Low)

— 5.8m min3m max

5.4m min1m max

5.4m min10.6m max

5.4m min10.6m max

Ground-Oriented

— — — 5.4m min10.6m max

5.4m min10.6m max

ATh: 5.8m min–7.6m maxMaj St: 5.4m min–7.6m maxMin St: 5.4m min–12.6m maxL: 5.4m min–12.6m maxBTh: 7.6m minMaj St: 7.6m minMin St: 7.6m minL: 7.6m min

ATh: 5.8m min–3m maxMaj St: 5.4m min–1m maxMin St: 5.4m min–10.6m maxL: 5.4m min–10.6m max

2.0 Use Location

Th: 15mMaj / Min St: 10.6m

T: 15mMaj / Min St: 10.6mL: 7.6m

Proposed Form-Based Code IBI Group for Richmond BC

Web-Based ‘User-Friendly’ Zoning Code City of Philadelphia (zoningmatters.org)

recode.la Comprehensive Zoning Code update for Los Angeles by Code Studio

Pink Shorts Pink Codes Event CNU 21 Salt Lake City

End\ The Future of Zoning is

???



Baby Hazen LaMontagne

End: The Future of Zoning

Thank You!Neal LaMontagne

[email protected]

@nlamontagne

coming soon: complexcities.ca

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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