Vietnam Residential Energy Use Energy use and associated CO2 emissions in residential households in Vietnam Sustainable Futures Asia Matt Parkes [email protected]www.sustainablefutures.asia Cimigo Richard Burrage [email protected]www.cimigo.com March 2013
A report on energy use and associated CO2 emissions in residential households in Vietnam. Based on a Cimigo nationwide online survey in March 2013 of 1,400 households. The report exploring residential dwellings and energy use by household and the impact of household composition, appliances and building materials. The report addresses the prevalence of conservation and attitudes to renewable energy.
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Vietnam Residential Energy Use Energy use and associated CO2 emissions in residential households in Vietnam
Sustainable Futures Asia Matt Parkes [email protected] www.sustainablefutures.asia
How did we understand energy use and CO2 emissions in Vietnamese homes? 11
How does residential energy use vary? 17
What impact do building materials have today? 30
Which energy conservation actions and attitudes prevail? 34
So what? 39
About Sustainable Futures Asia 44
About Cimigo 48
Contents
2
About the authors
3
Matt is the founder of Sustainable Futures Asia. He is a UK qualified Architect with an MSc in Climate Change and Sustainable Development.
Matt is involved with the UK Urban Development
Working Group, working with the UKTI and British Council in promoting business and educational links between the UK and Vietnam. In March 2010 he was responsible for producing the British Council / UKTI’s ‘Sustainable Design & Architecture Conference’ that was held in Ho Chi Minh City.
He is now leading a PhD research project with The Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development at De Montfort University, UK, looking at developing new models of low cost, energy self-sufficient, sustainable housing for south east Asian countries, focusing on Vietnam.
Matt moved to Vietnam in 2004, and prior to that has lived and worked in the UK and Hong Kong.
4
Matt Parkes, Sustainable Futures Asia
Richard Burrage has twenty one years of experience in market research and strategic consulting.
Richard has worked across Asia Pacific consulting across a range of industries and business issues.
Richard has spent the last sixteen years in Vietnam assisting in the development and building of numerous brands to achieve leadership positions.
Richard is a UK national and resides in HCMC with his Vietnamese wife and their children.
Richard founded Cimigo in 2003 and today has offices across eight countries in Asia.
5
Richard Burrage, Cimigo
Why does residential energy use matter?
6
Vietnam population and CO2 emission yearly growth
(Population data - ADB, 2009; mt/CO2/capita – UNdata, 2009)
Increased energy demand – 800 Twh in 2030
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Ba
se D
em
an
d T
Wh
Historic and Future Energy Demand - 1990 to 2030
(Historic data – Tuyen & Michaelowa, 2004;
Future projections – Cuong, 2011)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Population (Million) Total mtCO2e (Million)
7
37% is residential. US$124 billon investment required.
Historic and Future % Fuel Contribution to Energy Generation - 1995 to 2030
Industry Residential Other Buildings Urban Infrastructure Others
Energy use by type
(Energy Conservation Centre of HCMC: 2010)
8
Which levers can be used to adjust energy use?
• Consumer habits.
• Extent of use of passive architecture.
• Use of high efficiency energy generation and management systems.
9
Residential dwellings in Vietnam
Villas Row Houses Apartments
10
How did we understand energy use and CO2 emissions in Vietnamese homes?
11
This is a part of the Cimigo giving back programme which includes; Vietnamese Attitudes to Philanthropy, Vietnam’s NetCitizens and so much more, available at www.cimigo.com.
Cimigo conducted a nationwide online survey in March 2013.
kWh / person in Hhold / annum: index to average base=0
Building material impact (Apartments n=410)
Which energy conservation actions and attitudes prevail?
34
35
Growing vegetables and compost actions
47
42
48
48
66
42
42
76
33
51
41
45
68
40
35
42
45
57
34
34
76
31
43
35
39
64
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total
Apartment
Row house
North
Central
South
City
Rural
Rent
Own
Tap
Tap & Well
Well only
Grow vegetables or herbs at home
Use food and vegetable waste for composting or animal feed
Renewable actions % (n=1394) Households that are rural, in the central region and use well water are more likely to exhibit renewable behaviours in the home.
Even 1 in 3 inhabiting apartments are active.
36
Recycling waste and rain water harvesting actions
Recycling is common for 4 in 10 households.
Households that are rural and use well water are more likely to harvest rain water.
Even 1 in 5 inhabiting apartments harvest rain water.
45
47
44
49
42
43
45
46
50
44
45
45
41
22
23
21
25
27
18
18
43
20
22
18
20
32
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total
Apartment
Row house
North
Central
South
City
Rural
Rent
Own
Tap
Tap & Well
Well only
Separate recyclable waste from non-recyclable waste
Capture rain water and use it for
cooking, washing, flushing or garden watering
Recycling actions % (n=1394)
37
Strong comprehension of renewable energy benefits
Nearly all are aware of renewable energy sources.
Comprehension of environmental impact and potential energy bill savings is high.
90
79
54
47
21
17
1
0 50 100
Better for the environment
They will reduce my energy bills
They are safer
They are better for my family's health
They are more reliable
They will save me time
I don't know
97% are aware of renewable energiesPerceived benefits of renewable energies % (n=1394)
38
Barriers are design build, cost and knowledge
44
30
30
27
23
16
16
16
8
6
3
2
2
2
2
0 20 40 60
My home was not designed for these types of …
They are expensive to buy
I don't know how
These energy sources are not popular in homes
I don’t have the time to organise this
These energy sources are not convenient
I rent my home and can not take action
I live in an apartment and con not take action
The weather is not right for this type of energy
I am not convinced they will save me money
I do not trust these energy sources
I don't know
They are not reliable sources of energy
I am not convinced they will help the environment
They are not safe sources of energy
97% are aware of renewable energiesReasons for not using % (n=1394)
So what?
39
1. The most energy efficient households have shared dwellings and large households. The least efficient have small households and air conditioning.
2. The most energy efficient households which exist today are declining. They are a factor of a low living space per person.
3. The desire to live in urban Vietnam, in single household dwellings, with less generations and hence a shrinking household size, is not a new phenomena.
4. Increasing economic progress will only increase demands for energy sapping durables and devices, straining available energy resources.
5. The building materials used to date have limited influence on household energy efficiency.
6. Consumers have a strong comprehension of renewable energy benefits. However the barriers are design, build, cost and knowledge.
Household energy efficiency will decline without action
40
1. More energy efficient design to reduce energy resources for cooling particularly.
2. More efficient building design and materials which enable dwellings to absorb, retain, and release, at the appropriate times, radiate heat.
3. Residential access to and business incentives to provide renewable resources in new built homes.
4. Residential access to and incentives to convert to more efficient cooling/heating. Access encompasses availability and affordability (possibly financing).
5. Raising consumer knowledge and demonstrating household costs savings are both critical.
Design, build, access, incentive and education
41
1. A nationwide standard method of survey measurement and benchmarking needs to be established.
2. Promote greater transparency and sharing of data, making it more readily available to research institutions, corporate bodies and individuals who are looking to carry out research that support the development aims for Vietnam.
3. Build an educational campaign to promote comprehension of and accessibility to the 1. efficient use of existing energy, 2. conversion to more efficient energy sources and 3. new design and build models.
4. Establish a new public/private sector project, aimed at developing energy efficient housing models, against which future developments can be measured.
What next…
42
Download your copy at www.cimigo.com
cimigo.com The Voice of the Customer
43
About Sustainable Futures Asia
44
45
Professional ‘sustainability’ services
Sustainable Futures Asia (SFA) was established in 2011 to provide professional sustainability services throughout the South East Asia region.
SFA provide services in three key areas:
• Project Consulting – assisting governments and private enterprise in reviewing existing, and developing new economically sustainable business strategies.
• Architecture & Urbanism – providing sustainable design solutions, either leading or as part of the client design team, including VGBC Lotus accreditation services.
• Knowledge Creation – carrying out research in to sustainability issues, and organising sustainability conferences and other knowledge sharing events.
Hanh is a Vietnamese registered architect who has lived and worked in Vietnam, Australia and the United Kingdom, completing her MSc in Melbourne, Australia and her PhD in Oxford, UK.
Hanh teaches at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture.
Matt Parkes RIBA
Matt is a UK registered architect who has worked in Vietnam since 2004, having previously lived and worked in the UK and Hong Kong.
With an MSc in Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Matt is now undertaking PhD research into new models of sustainable housing here in Vietnam.
Founding members
47
Khai Duong Joint
Stock Company
Recent clients include
Partner organisations
About Cimigo
48
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Starting 10 years ago in Vietnam we’ve expanded to...
49
From seven
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Thank You
Sustainable Futures Asia Matt Parkes [email protected] www.sustainablefutures.asia