CIGS Solar Powered Power Supply and Develop Applications Participating Company : K&K Solar Inc. Project Director : Dr. Jin-ho Park.

2011 Sanhakyeon Joint Technology

Development Project (Local Project)

CIGS Solar Powered Power Supply and Develop Applications

Participating Company: K&K Solar Inc.Project Director: Dr. Jin-ho Park

Table of Contents

Objectives and Summary of Technology

Development

Technology Development Plans

Company Capabilities

Contents of Technology Developments

Results of Technology Developments

Expected Effecs and Feasibility

Objects and Summary of Technical Develop-

ment

CIGS Solar powered PSU(Power Supply Unit) and developing solar applied prod-ucts

National Energy Strategy •Kick-start to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions• Unstable Energy Market• Exhaustion of fossil fuels • Expansion of Renewable energy market

Self-sufficient new energyThe rise of new growing in-dustry

New re-newable energy

Main De-vel-op-

ment Objec-tives

Expensive silicon solar cell power

Replace with CIGS Thin film solar cells

Efficient power storage and

control

Connect with high ef-ficient LED equipment

and controllers

Build an inte-grated system

Applications

- Provide power for

Vulnerable areas

- Solar powered LED

street lights

- Portable power sup-

ply

- Indoor farming

*ISET-K&K Solar-Yeungnam University MOU

Participating Researchers

Milestones

Technical Development Plans

Directing Institute: Dr. Jin-ho Park(Project Director) et al., one doctoral program student, one graduate student, one undergraduate student•Analyze International and domestic related technologies, evaluate the performance and find improvements of solar cells and the light source and study the design of power supply systems

Participating company: Young-sik Kim (President of K&K ), Vincent Kapur(Executive)• Design CIGS Thin film solar cells , prototype design engineering and assembling, installation and maintenance and high-vol-ume manufacturing

Development Details Plan/Result

Detail Milestone(Year,Month)

11.7 8 9 10 11 12 12.1 2 3 4 5Re-

marks

Planning and Collecting

Data

Plan

Result

Establishing Development

Direction

Plan

Result

Purchasing MaterialsPlan

Result

Pilot productionPlan

Result

Reliability TestPlan

Result

System Improvement ac-

cording to Business Plans

Plan

Result

System Security, Inspec-

tions and production start

Plan

Result

Technical Development Plans Work Responsibility

Conducting Institute Main responsibilitiesShares in Technical

Development(%)

Directing(main) Institute

◦ Research and Development (R&D) and Test

- Researchers and facilities supports

- Performance tests for each part

- Collecting and Organizing data

60%

Participating Com-

pany

◦ Manufacturing trials and Establishing test equipment

- Market Research

- Design and Assemble

- Performance Test

40%

Results

◦ Developed solar cell applied power supply system

- Pilot production and Conducting performance test

- Production start

100%

Main Technical Development Plans

NEXT CIGS(CuInGaSe2)

Thin film solar cells

crystalline silicon so-lar cell

Power

Develop customized envi-ronmentally friendly power supply systems and appli-

cations

LED street lights

LED light source for indoor farming

Applications

Company Capabilities

ISET’s new development, nanoparticle ink applied CIGS thin film solar cells - need less raw materials and simple manufacturing process (manufacturing cost: less then $1/Watt)- high economic feasibility compared to existing silicon solar cells

K&K Solar Inc.’s Integrated application system-Enable to develop reliable applications through maintaining close relationships with raw material suppliers

Technical Development Research Plans

Plans for Utilizing Business Experiences

K&K Solar Inc. & ISET

Develop and Install integrated traffic control systems

Develop and Manage electric control sys-

tems for government offices

with Technical

skills

Develop inte-gration systems connected to so-

lar powered controllers

Applying participat-ing companies’ tech-

nical skills to the businessUtilizing re-

searchers’ ana-lytical skills

Constant technology development plan by

securing the workforceJoint Tech-nology De-velopment

Details of Technology DevelopmentTest Facilities

1, Street lights with composite solar cell power supply system

2. LED Indoor farming

3. Test Facility Plan for Technology

Details of Technology Development

Next Generation CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells

• Non-vacuum nanoparticle solution-based process for CIGS modules(ISET) used for this new technology development

• Group I-III-VI chalcopyrite compound semiconductor, direct transition type energy band-gap

•The highest absorption coefficient of about 1×105 cm-1 and a thin layer of1~2 ㎛ enable to produce high- efficiency solar cells

•low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells to improve economic feasibility significantly

• Build up long term reliability of solar cell efficiency which will never change in 10 years

• Single junction CIGS thin solar cells with the band gap of 1.2 eV reached the highest conversion efficiency of 20.3 ％

Details of Technology DevelopmentFeatures of Test Facilities of Composite Solar Battery Power Supply Sys-tem Use optimized and economical CIGS thin film solar cell modules cus-

tom-designed for the battery capacity which will be used for the prod-uct development.

Apply blue ocean market strategies to target a niche market that is not other solar-related companies’ first priority, and product develop-ment concepts

Solar-powered LED lighting systems can become more popular than other large-scale solar farms and they provide more competitive Re-newable Portfolio Standard (RPS) solutions.

Additional Finance incentives are available with carbon offset credits acquired by replacing diesel generators with this PV system.

Enable customers to use the system practically by offering custom-ized customer service instead of just selling PV panels to them.

Details of Technology DevelopmentTechnology Development Process

Contents/Dates Descriptions Remarks

Yeungnam University & K&K Solar Inc. Technology Development Strategy Conference( July 7, 2011)

-Review business details and de-cide division of labor -Discuss equipment for product development and design plan-Find component suppliers-Confirm the timeline

Meeting with component suppliers (October 12 – November 30)

- Design(modify) equipment for product development and make trial products

Received CIGS modules(November 23)

-Received testing CIGS (ISET) mod-ules-Received some components

Inspecting components and dis-cussing installation plans(December 1)

-Decide locations for PV modules - Discuss operation plans for he street lighting system-Decide wiring plans

Complete electrical wiring(December 2)

- Wiring work according to the plan for PV modules on the roof of a CRC center

Results of Technology Development기술개발 결과

Technology Development Process (cont’d)

Contents/Dates Descriptions Remarks

Set up street lights and PV mod-ules(December 13)

- Install PV modules- Install street lights and control panels- Build an operating system

Check operating conditions of the equipment and improve(December 20)

-Test electricity consumption of PV power generation and street lights-Check conditions of the operating system

Received the indoor farming show-case(January 3, 2012)

- Indoor farming separate test- Discuss plans for the Grid-con-nected PV system with commercial power source

Test according to the business plan and improve the system

(January – May 31)

- Conduct the performance test depending on weather variables- Test the grid connected system- Inspect operating errors

Results of Technology DevelopmentBlock Map of Development System

• LED street lights and indoor farming are controlled by PV cell operation and generated power from PV cells , and consumption measuring system • The lightings can set the program to change operating time based upon daylight hours of sea-sonal variations• In case of indoor farming, it optimizes the growth of plants by setting up a timer to control operat-ing hours of LED lights for the perfect condition of plant growth

real-time monitoring data

Results of Technology Development

Solar-powered Street lights configu-ration

Solar-powered LED indoor farming Configuration

Typ

ePV modules Controller Battery

LED

lamp

CIG

S

48 W CIGS mod-

ule 7 EA

MMPT(Maximum

Power Point

Tracking

12V 100Ah

2EA50 W

Si

180 W Monocrys-

talline Si module

2 EA

MMPT(Maximum

Power Point

Tracking

12V 100Ah

2EA50 W

Details Indoor Farming Showcase

Lighting System

LED lamps for growing plants

Lighting LED 22W- RED, BLUE mix

Growing Methods

Nutriculture circulating system (NFT, Nutrient Film Technique)

Amount(bunch)

120pcs of 4 bunches of 80pcs

Type of Plants

Lettuce(Latuca sativa L). , Salads, Chicory etc.

Tempera-ture set-up

10~25℃

Results of Technology DevelopmentPictures of composite solar battery power supply (installed panels facing full south on the roof of CRC center of Yeung-nam University)

CIGS

SiInside of the control box

Results of Technology Development Pictures of LED street lighting and LED-source indoor farming Showcase (K&K Solar test room on 4th floor of CRC)

Inside of the show-case (growing the lettuce)

Results of Technology Development

Contents Outdoor Farming Showcase (Indoor Farming)

Problems in Se-quential Crop-

pingYes No

Fertilizing Difficult to fertilize evenlyEasy to fertilize evenly because it is absorbed by roots in aqueous solution.

Disease and In-sect Damage

Soil-borne virus, insects dam-age

Low chance of disease and insect damage by blocking off from the outside

Treatments for Disease and In-sect Damage

Use pesticides Do not need to use pesticides. If aphids are found, mix used water from washing rice, milk and water and spray a little bit

Space for PlantsWide planting distance be-cause it needs a certain space to plant

Short planting distance because roots take up only small spaces

Land Limited You can plant wherever you find the power supply to plug in.

Convenience to manage Inconvenient Convenient

Plant Nutrition Sharp change , nutrient im-balance

Little change and enable to produce and eat high quality plants

Soil moistureDamage caused by water stress, low efficiency of water use

No damage cased by water stress and high efficiency of wa-ter use

Rate of Growth Slow 1.5~2 times faster than outdoor farming

Taste Little tough Soft, crunch, and great taste of premium salads

Comparison between outdoor farming and LED indoor farming designed by this technology development

Results of Technology DevelopmentTest Results for Sun and Module Generation depending on weather condition changes

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Tota

l genera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:300

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2012. 12. 14

Insta

nta

neous g

enera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

Dec14, 2011CloudyTemperature: approx 0~12 ℃

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Tota

l genera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2012. 1. 4

Insta

nta

neous g

enera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

Jan 4, 2012Cloudy and SnowyTemperature: approx -5~0 ℃

Results of Technology Development

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Tota

l genera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2012. 1. 5

Insta

nta

neous g

enera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

Jan 5, 2012Snow accumulation, slowly melting Temperature: approx -6~3 ℃

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Tota

l genera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:300

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2012. 2. 7

Insta

nta

neous g

enera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS SiFeb 7, 2012

Sunny, little cloudyTemperature: approx -7~5 ℃

Test Results for Sun and Module Generation depending on weather condition changes (Cont’d)

Results of Technology Development

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tota

l genera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS Si

7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Insta

nta

neous g

enera

tion(W

att)

Time

CIGS SiFeb 13, 2012

Rainy, CloudyTemperature: approx, 0~5 ℃

Test Results for Sun and Module Generation depending on weather condition changes (Cont’d)

* CIGS Thin film solar cells with high cost competitiveness of manufacturing unit price, have more or the same gross generation compared to existing silicon solar cells under the actual condition. * Especially under the bad PV cell operating conditions(low amount of light), gross generation of thin film solar cells tends to get ahead of silicon.

• After analyzing data from the test, CIGS solar cells can be utilized more effi-ciently in islands, mountain regions or other regions with extreme environmental conditions.

•Comparison gross generation of CIGS and Si PV mod-ules depending on weather condition changes

Results of Technology DevelopmentTest Results for Sun and Module Generation depending on weather condition changes (Cont’d)

Conclusion

• Module unit price prediction based on PV cell ma-terials(source: )

Results of Technology DevelopmentProblems and improvements of Technology Develop-ment * Connecting parts and the support structure were broken

During the operating test, there were errors in the testing equipment such as low battery, errors in the grid-connected system, broken connecting parts and so onCause: Durability of component parts has been decreased because we conducted the test using the same testing equipment in turns, not separating the street lighting and indoor farming independently. Improvement: Need to use high durable parts to prevent from being broken and damaged due to electrical overloads and over-heat •Program improvements to control necessary grid-connected system intervention with the alarm when the battery is low or overcharged by checking gross generation and the amount of charge of PV cells•Since PV cell modules and array are usually installed outside, changes in the weather and environment conditions should take into consideration before installing. Cause: PV cells and the structure could not stand a strong wind and were broken. When installing the system, it was only sup-ported by sand bags considering the average wind, but the entire system including the support structure and PV cells fell down due to unprecedented strong windImprovement: After tied up the system with iron wire, the problem was solved. However, since PV cells are easily affected by wind, there needs a full environment research and through safety plan when installing the system.

Expected Effects and Business Value

Expected Effects of Technology Development

National Energy Strategy

Develop CIGS PV cell applied power supply and applications

Develop customized off-grid system

Replace existing power

Contribute to Renewable

Portfolio Stan-dard(RPS) ef-

fectively

Design solar power high transmission sys-

temPromote to adopt inex-

pensive Distributed Generation system

Design practical ap-plication system

Promote exports to developing coun-

triesCreate Economic

Value

Expand to blue ocean market con-

tinuously

Expected Effects and Business Value

Technology Development ApplicationsTechnical Trend and Marketability Research and Business Plans

Type

(Unit: 100 million

won

Business Implementation

( 2012 )(the year of de-

velopment)

( 2013 )(a year after development)

( 2014 )(2 years after development)

Products CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells Power Applications

Investment Plans 0.5 1 2

Sales Plan

Domes-

tic 1 10 30

Export 0 0 5

Total 1 10 35

The effect of Im-

port Substitution0 5 15

Creation of

Jobs(People) 5 5 10

Type(unit: 100million

won)

Current Market Size

(2010)*

Future Market Size

(2015)*

Global Market 110,000 418,000

Domestic Market 1,040 10,603

SourceKorea Photonics Technology (2008) LED light-

ing•Expect the growth of solar powered lighting markets along with fast-growing LED lighting markets, •Try to differentiate from existing technology by applying low-cost and high efficiency CIGS solar cells, (applications have not yet been made in domestic markets)- K&K Investment and Sales Plans

- LED lighting Market •Provide Independent Power Supply to vulnerable areas

(farming and fishing communities, islands, and mountain re-

gions)

• Provide power supply for farming (indoor farming) in cities

and farming and fishing communities

•Provide power supply to solar-powered LED lighting

•Provide power supply to various applications (small genera-

tors)

•Promote solar-powered applications by collaborating with

local governments(Daegu city, Gyeongsangbuk-do)

• Sell products through construction companies and distri-

bution companies)

•With existing solar-powered application companies, find

more clients for additional collaborating development Future Plans of Participating companies

•Develop the ultimate integrated solar cell power

supply combined with LED contact technology,

battery technology, control technology including

solar energy conversion technology

•Develop and produce the solar-powered power

system and develop compact CIGS Solar cell ap-

plications to export to developing countries

•Plans to apply for patents for developed tech-

nologies

Thank you.