Church History

Church Church HistoryHistory

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Index of ContentsIndex of Contents

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• The Age of Jesus Christ and the Apostles – 6 BC to The Age of Jesus Christ and the Apostles – 6 BC to AD 70AD 70• The Age of Catholic Christianity – 70 to 312The Age of Catholic Christianity – 70 to 312• The Age of the Christian Roman Empire – 312 to The Age of the Christian Roman Empire – 312 to 590590• The Christian Middle Ages – 590 to 1517The Christian Middle Ages – 590 to 1517• The Age of Reformation – 1517 to 1648The Age of Reformation – 1517 to 1648• The Age of Reason and Revival – 1648 to 1789The Age of Reason and Revival – 1648 to 1789• The Age of Progress – 1789 to 1914The Age of Progress – 1789 to 1914• The Age of Ideologies – 1914 to …….The Age of Ideologies – 1914 to …….

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The Age of Jesus Christ and the Apostles The Age of Jesus Christ and the Apostles

BC 0 25 50 75 100

Birth of JesusBirth of Jesus

Death of JesusDeath of Jesus

NeroNero

DestructionDestructionof Jerusalemof Jerusalem

Death of PaulDeath of Paul

Death of StephenDeath of Stephen

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Christianity – The only major religion to have as its central event the humiliation of its God!

• Crucifixion – Barbarous Death / Agitators, Pirates and Slaves• Some victims were whipped and then punished to carry the heavy cross beam for his own death.• Notice pinned with “criminal’s name and crime”• Jesus = INRI (Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews)

Jesus and the ChurchJesus and the Church

• Jesus was Jew, from a Jew family, studied the Jesus was Jew, from a Jew family, studied the Jewish law and observed the Jewish religion.Jewish law and observed the Jewish religion.• The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John reveals Jesus plans for a company of John reveals Jesus plans for a company of followers to carry His work.followers to carry His work.• Two years – Teaching the disciples about Two years – Teaching the disciples about “Life and the Kingdom of God”.“Life and the Kingdom of God”.• Jesus taught them about the “new covenant” Jesus taught them about the “new covenant” bounding them together in forgiveness and bounding them together in forgiveness and love.love.• To follow Jesus meant to break with “world To follow Jesus meant to break with “world rules” and loyalty to those rules – beginning of rules” and loyalty to those rules – beginning of Jesus Christ’s church. Jesus Christ’s church. CCO AcademyCCO Academy

Palestine in Jesus’ DaysPalestine in Jesus’ Days

• Lacked of loyalties Lacked of loyalties • Crossroads of culture and peoples – about Crossroads of culture and peoples – about 2,000,0002,000,000• Ruled by Rome – divided by region, religion Ruled by Rome – divided by region, religion and politics.and politics.• The Holy City – Jewish priests offered The Holy City – Jewish priests offered sacrifices to the Lord of Israel sacrifices to the Lord of Israel • Sebaste – 30 miles away, pagan priests held Sebaste – 30 miles away, pagan priests held rites in honor of the Roman god Jupiter. rites in honor of the Roman god Jupiter. • Jews – only 50% of the populationJews – only 50% of the population• Romans brought the Hellenistic (Greek) Romans brought the Hellenistic (Greek) culture (Sirians had tried to do that a century culture (Sirians had tried to do that a century before)before)

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Palestine Map on the Palestine Map on the Times of Jesus ChristTimes of Jesus Christ

• Prophets of Israel promised for centuries – Prophets of Israel promised for centuries – the Lord would deliver His people from pagan the Lord would deliver His people from pagan rulers.rulers.• The messiah will be sent to establish the The messiah will be sent to establish the Kingdom of Heaven.Kingdom of Heaven.• Book of Daniel – popular on those days – final Book of Daniel – popular on those days – final cosmic struggle , evil led by Satan and good cosmic struggle , evil led by Satan and good led by the Lord.led by the Lord.• World order would be destroyed and a new World order would be destroyed and a new kingdom without end would be created (Dn: kingdom without end would be created (Dn: 7:13-22)7:13-22)• Pharisees (separated ones) – Emphasis on Pharisees (separated ones) – Emphasis on Jewish laws and traditions – apart from pagan Jewish laws and traditions – apart from pagan culture.culture.• Pharisees – intolerance to “ritually unclean” Pharisees – intolerance to “ritually unclean” people.people.• Some Jew found Roman rule an advantage.Some Jew found Roman rule an advantage.

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• Sadducees (political group) - enjoyed the Sadducees (political group) - enjoyed the Greco-Roman sophisticated manners and Greco-Roman sophisticated manners and fashion / Some took Greek names.fashion / Some took Greek names.• Zealots – Armed resistance to all Romans - Zealots – Armed resistance to all Romans - Hills of Galilee – guerrilla bands against Hills of Galilee – guerrilla bands against symbols of Roman authority in Palestinesymbols of Roman authority in Palestine• Essenes – little or no interest in politics or Essenes – little or no interest in politics or war – in the Judean wilderness they studied war – in the Judean wilderness they studied the Scriptures and prepared themselves for the Scriptures and prepared themselves for the Lord’s Kingdom.the Lord’s Kingdom.

• Jesus has to call for His followers loyalty Jesus has to call for His followers loyalty without confusing the purpose of His mission.without confusing the purpose of His mission.

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Jesus’ MinistryJesus’ Ministry

•Jordan River / North of Dead Sea – busiest Jordan River / North of Dead Sea – busiest part of the region – crowds of people to hear part of the region – crowds of people to hear John.John.• John preached to people repent of their sins John preached to people repent of their sins and the coming day of judgment by the and the coming day of judgment by the baptism in water.baptism in water.• many tough he was the Messiah but he many tough he was the Messiah but he always deniedalways denied• That call drew Jesus to the Jordan – Message That call drew Jesus to the Jordan – Message was the truth of God.was the truth of God.• Jesus submitted to Johns baptism and soon Jesus submitted to Johns baptism and soon afterward began His own mission. (Mark 1:15)afterward began His own mission. (Mark 1:15)• Instead of the deserts, Jesus chose begin His Instead of the deserts, Jesus chose begin His mission in Galilee. mission in Galilee. CCO AcademyCCO Academy