8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CC HTHNG THIT B
KHAI THC DU
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702 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Ni dung
Tng quan v pht trin m thm lc a Vit Nam
H thng thit b pht trin m
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703 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
TNG QUAN V PHT TRIN M
Khi nim v pht trin m Pht trin m Vit Nam
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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704 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Khi nim v pht trin m
Cn da vo nhng yu t chnh nh tr lng, kchthc v tnh cht ca m, iu kin m ( su m, v
tr m, c s h tng), cng ngh v k thut khaithc du kh hin ti, gi du.
Mt m cn bin thng thng c hiu theo khinim kinh t hn l v mt k thut.
Mt m c xem l cn bin nu n khng th pht
trin bng cng ngh hin ti vi mc li nhun hp l
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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705 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Tnh hnh pht trin m Vit Nam
Nhng thun li:
a hnh Vit Nam khng qu phc tp
C s h tng c sn M hnh khai thc n gin
Vn u t ban u thp
Thi gian khai thc ngn Nh nc ang c nhng chnh sch khuyn khch u t vo
cc d n pht trin m cn bin
Gi du th tng vt v gi mc cao nn kch thch cc nhu t nc ngoi tham gia vo d n ny
Trnh khoa hc cng ngh th gii pht trin nhanh, sc
gii quyt nhng kh khn trong qu trnh pht trin m cn bin
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706 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Tnh hnh pht trin m Vit Nam (tt)
Nhng kh khn:
Vn ti chnh lun l thch thc ln nht i vi vic u t
pht trin cc d n du kh, c bit l m cn bin
Kh nng thu ht cc nh thu tham gia u t vo d n thp
Mc ri ro cao trong hot ng du kh
Thiu ngun nhn lc c trnh vn hnh cc cng ngh
mi
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707 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H THNG THIT B PHT TRIN M
1. H thng khai thc
2. ng bao
3. Trang thit b ngm di bin4. H thng ct cha
5. H thng xut du ngoi khi
6. Cc trang thit b x l
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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708 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cc gin khai thc
Gin c nh
Gin t nng
Gin bn tim thy
Tu ch du
Thp c khp ni
Gin c cng bng dy (TLP)
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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709 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Gin t nng
Cu trc gm mt sn, phn
thn ging x lan vi cc chndng thanh chng hoc ccng lng vo nhau c th dichuyn c.
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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710 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
u & nhc im ca gin t nng
Nhng u im
C kh nng di ng cao, n nh khi nng
Chi ph lp t thp vng nc nng khng cn neo c nh
Cc ging vi cc ng bao loi thng thng
Nhng nhc im Vic lp t gin ph thuc vo thi tit
B hn ch bi chiu su hot ng v trng lng ca phn ni
Gii hn trong nhng khu vc m y bin tng i n nh
Gii hn v bn ca kim loi lm gim tui th gin
Khng c kh nng tch cha cc sn phm khai thc
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711 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Gin bn tim thy
- Gin bn tim thy cdng vng nc su
- Nhiu cu hnh khcnhau nhng lun c mtboong ln chim ch di
nc v cc chn nin vi sn ni mt phntrn mt bin
- c neo bng dy ny bin nn c th chuc sng ln trong iukin khc nghit
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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712 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
u & nhc im ca gin bn tim thy
Nhng u im
Dng c vng nc trung bnh n su
C kh nng nh v ng nn t b dch chuyn di tc ngca thi tit
Chi ph tho d thp
D dng lp t cc ng bao thng thng, cng hoc mm
Cho php khoan v sa cha ging khoan ng thiNhng nhc im
Gii hn trng ti bi cc phao ni v mc n nh
Kh nng tch tr c gii hn, su hot ng t 70m n 1000m
S ging khng qu 40
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713 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Tu ch du
- Chuyn i mt tu ch du c thnh mt gin khai thc
vi chi ph thp v c kh nng cha du, y l u im
chnh
- Trong iu kin thi tit phc tp, vic xut du sang cc
tu ch du gp kh khn th vic trang b thm mt bn
cha m vic khai thc khng b gin on mang
ngha quan trng
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714 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
u & nhc im ca tu ch du
Nhng u im
Kh nng tch cha ln
C din tch lp t cc trang thit b x l Gi mua r trn th trng
C kh nng chuyn i cao
D chuyn du t tu khai thc sang tu ch du
Duy tr kh nng khai thc trong iu kin bo
Nhc im
Khng c kh nng sa cha ging
Nhng tu ch du c neo phi khc phc vic dch chuynln, do h thng neo phi kt hp cht ch vi cnh qut
H thng neo phi kt hp vi h thng ng bao
Hat ng su t 50-100m
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715 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Thp c khp ni
Thp c khp ni l mt cu trc c ni vi chn (kiu kt mng trng lc gravity platform hoc bng ct)
y bin bng mt khp ni, thng thng l loi khpccng
V lin kt bng khp ni, ct s di chuyn theo sng vmi hng
K t y bin, nhng thnh phn ca ct nh sau: tm
, khp ni, ct ni, bn ni v nh ct
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716 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
u & nhc im ca thp c khp ni
Nhng u im
Cc ct l thp kt cu nh nn gi thnh s khng cao khi so vi cccu trc n nh
Khng nh hng nhiu bi su
Cc ging c th c khoan trc
H thng neo s dng cc b phn c kim chng nh khp
ccng Tha mn s chuyn ng hng ng
C kh nng tch tr trong cu trc nn
Nhng hn ch
Trng ti nh, mt ct c ni bng khp ni kh c th s dngn l nh mt gin khai thc
Khng c kh nng sa cha ging
Khng c kh nng khai thc bng gaslift hoc bm p nc
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717 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Gin TLP
- Gin c c cng bngdy l mt cu trc thp na
chm na ni lin kt vi binbng nhng ng ng thpneo hnh tr.
- Tnh ni t nhin ca gin tonn mt lc hng ln gi chocc chn c cng c nh.
- Tnh n nh c duy tr theochiu thng ng v cho phpdi chuyn nh theo phngngang
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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718 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
u & nhc im ca gin TLP
Nhng u im
Chuyn ng rt nh theo phng ngang v khng chuyn ngtheo phng thng ng
Cu trc cc dy cho php gim h s chi ph theo chiu di so vicc gin thng thng, ngha l h thng ny s r hn mt hthng thng thng vng nc su
Hu ht cc trang thit b c lp rp theo mun, c th c lp
rp gn b trc khi ko n v tr khai thc Trng ti ln nhng iu chnh trng lng l yu t quyt nh then
cht
Cu trc ny c th c xy dng trong mt xng ng tu
C th cho php sa cha ging khoanHn ch
B gii hn vi su trn 150m
Khng th chuyn i t mt gin bn tim thy sang TLP
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719 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
NG BAO
Tiu chun thit k ng bao
ng bao mm
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720 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Tiu chun thit k ng bao
Tiu chun thit k ng bao c da trn cc c im ca vngm v cc yu t khc trong h thng khai thc, c th nh sau:
Th tch v s lng cc bung khai thc
Mc a dng ca h thng ngm di bin
Nhng yu cu v khai thc th cp (nh bm p nc, gaslift)
Kh nng khoan v sa cha ging ca gin khai thc
Kh nng chu ng bo xu nht trong vng 100 nm
Cc yu cu v xut v bn du
Kh nng m rng cho vic lp t cc thit b mi
Cc yu cu v lp t, bo tr v sa cha
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721 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
ng bao mm
Nhng u im chnh ca ng bao mm so vi ng baocng:
Chi ph u t thp Khng cn phi thu hi ng bao trong nhng iu
kin thi tit kh khn, ngha l gim thi gian ginon v khai thc tt hn
Lp t d dng v nhanh chng
D dng m rng theo lu lng ca h thng
nh hng nh n thit k gin ni Kh nng chu n mn tt
Chi ph bo dng thp
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722 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cu trc ca ng bao
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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723 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Mt ng dng ca ng bao
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724 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
3- Trang thit b ngm di bin
Template
Cc ging
Cm phn dng
H thng iu khin
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725 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Subsea Template
Mt subsea template n gin l mt cu trc thp hnh trln c thit k cho mt s cc u ging lp vo cc cythng cho cc ging, c th l ging khai thc hoc ging
bm p. Mc ch ca template l cung cp mt tm mqua cc ging c khoan; n cng t v sp cho thnghng cc trang thit b u ging
Cc template c th xy dng theo khi hoc tng module.
Mt template khi thng thng c s dng khi cnkhoan t 6 ging tr ln; template c hn t cc b phnhnh tr ln v kt hp cht ch ch cha cho mi ging vmt h thng cn bng 3 hoc 4 im. Vic dn hng cho
cc thit b khoan thng c thc hin thng qua vic sdng nhng ct dn hng hoc nhng cu trc dn hngc kh nng thu hi
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726 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cc u ging ngm
Mt yu t quan trng c xem xt n trong vic pht trin mcn bin l chi ph thit b dng cho hot ng khai thc khi trlng cc m ny l khng ln. Do cc u ging c t
ngm di y bin c u tin chn la cho cc gin khai thcni hoc ni kt vi cc gin c nh sn c t trc gn . Ccging c t ngm di y bin c th l cm ging hocging v tinh. i vi cc ging c gom thnh cm thng
thng c khoan qua mt khung nh v (template) t diy bin, trong khi cc ging v tinh c khoan ring l v cni ti cc cm phn dng c th nm cch 8-12 km.
Mt cch phn loi khc l gia ging ngm di bin t hockh. Cc ging t l nhng ging c cy thng khai thc v ccthit b lin quan c h trong mi trng bin, ngc li ccging kh - nm trong mi trng p sut kh quyn
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727 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cm phn dng ngm di bin
- Cm phn dng ngm di bin l ch giaonhau gia trang thit b khai thc ngm dibin v h thng ng bao khai thc.
- Cm phn dng hot ng nh mt imngm di bin m ti cc ng ngkhai thc/bm p v ng ng vn chuyn /
xut du c gom li.
- Cm phn dng hay ng bao c th lmt b phn ca template. Cm phn dng lmt cu trc thp hnh tr c c nh bng
cch ng vo y ging; n c thit kcho cc ng dng c th v kh c th thchhp cho nhng cu hnh pht trin khc
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728 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng kim sot ngm di bin
H thng iu khin thy lc: c th iu khin trc tip, gin tiphoc theo trnh t. H thng ny c u im l n gin, ng tin cyv chi ph thp cho cc thit b lin quan. Nhng nhc im ln l kh
nng truyn tn hiu tng i chm khi khong cch t gin khai thcn cc u ging ngm cng xa, n ph thuc vo khong cch mdung dch thy lc di chuyn. Thi gian p ng chm l kh chpnhn c cho nhng hot ng khn cp.
H thng in c u im l thi gian p ng nhanh, thch hp chocc hot ng khn cp, nhng khng ng tin cy trong thc t dohay gp phi nhng h hng trong h thng iu khin.
H thng a thnh phn in thy lc: khc phc c nhcim ca cc h thng trn. H thng ny c thit k kim satv gim st cc cy thng khai thc, cng nh hu ht cc cm vanc t trn template.
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729 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng ct cha
C s la chn
H thng ct cha ni
H thng ct cha bng thp c khp ni
H thng ct cha SPAR
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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730 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
C s la chn
la chn mt h thng lu tr m thch hp cn ch mt svn sau:
Thi gian xy ra bo v khong thi gian gia cc cn bo
Lu lng du khai thc v vn chuyn
Khong cch t m n cng bc hng
Tc ca cc tu ch du con thoi
S lng v kh nng cha ca cc tu ch du con thoi Hiu qu ca trang thit b cng bc hng
Thi gian bo dng h thng bm du (cc u ni mm,dy cp,)
Cc nhn t mi trng c lin quan n vic chn loi cu trcct cha nhng nhng nhn t lit k trn chi phi lng cha cnthit
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731 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng ct cha ni (Floating Storage Unit FS
H thng ct cha FSU l phng php ph bin
nht cung cp ni cha m cho vng m
FSU l nhng tu ch du c chuyn i hoc
ch to theo n t hng ring
H thng ni sn xut - tch tr - rt du
(Floating Production Storage and Offloading) c
nhiu c trng ca FSU nhng c thm cc thit
b x l trn boong
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732 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng ct cha bng thp c khp ni
Cc thp c khp ni c xem nh mt gin khai thc
v l mt h thng ct cha.
Kh nng cha ca h thng l kt qu ph ca vic
thit k dng ct. Ct khp ni c th c mt cu trc
hnh tr rt ln chm di nc, va c tnh ni va cchc nng n nh. Cu trc ny l mt khoang rng, c
th b tr thnh mt dy cc ngn cha c s dng
lm vng cha m nu tu ch du b gin on
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733 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng ct cha SPAR
SPAR l mt loi neo ni n c Sell pht trin, kt hp cht ch khnng cha du, do ngay c khi iu kin thi tit tm thi ngn cnvic bm du ln tu ch du, vic khai thc cng khng b tm ngng. tng SPAR c da trn mt cu trc ni ln, vi mt b phn rt
ln chm di nc, bm du ngoi khi.Nhng u im ca SPAR l:
Cu trc n nh
Hot ng tt trong nhng iu kin thi tit v mi trng khcnghit
C kh nng tch cha ln (300000 thng du trong 6 bn charing)
C kh nng hat ng vng nc suNhng nhc im:
C s dch chuyn theo phng ngang
Khng c kh nng khoan/sa cha ging
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734 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng xut du
Nhng h thng neo n b mt
Nhng h thng chm
H thng tch tr v khai thc b mt
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735 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Nhng h thng neo n b mt
c im chung: H thng neo n b mt c cc b phn bn trn ni trn b
mt v chc mt im dng rt du c th xoay quanh lmcho tu cha c th thay i hng do nhng tc ng ca thitit
Cc thit b lin quan nh ng mm ti lu, dy cp neo cni ti phn mi ca tu rt du
H thng neo dn n b mt bao gm 2 loi c bn: Gin c khp ni (Articulated Loading Platform ALP): ALP bao
gm mt thp bng thp, c cu trc trng lc bn trn y bin.u khp xoay c th chu c ti trng 350 tn, cho php n
xoay quanh bn l theo trc x y. Phao neo n (Subsea Bouy Mooring SBM): c trng cho h
thng xut du bng phao neo n, gm phao trn b mt nivi nhng si xch (6 hoc 12) gn cht y bin
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736 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Nhng h thng chm
c im chung:
c im chnh ca h thng chm l khng c dy cp
Thit b cha gi nguyn di su cho ti khi c ko ln bi tu ch
du. Khi s dng nhng h thng ny th phi c nhng s thay i th yu t
phm vi mi tu chp nhn dy xch neo v ng mm dn lu
S dng tu ch du c h thng nh v ng lc c nhiu u im hn
nhng h thng ny5 loi h thng chm c bn sau:
H thng cha ti ngoi khi (Offshore Loading System OLS): cmt khung bng thp t trn y bin. Khong h bn trn mc ca phaonng phi su cho php nhng tu thuyn c ln c th chy qua.Thng c mt khp khuyn c lp t trn phao hnh trn, cho phpchuyn ng khng b cn tr i vi tc ng ca tu thuyn v thi tit.ng mm dn lu c ni vi phn mi ca tu. Khng c dy cp vtu cha c nh v bi h thng nh v ng (Dynamic Positioning
DP)
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737 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Nhng h thng chm (tt)
H thng cha ti chm (Submerged Turret Loading STL)
y l s ci tin ca h thng OLS. Phao chm l im
cao nht ca h thng c thit k gn kht vokhoang STL ring bit trong thn ca tu cha, thngthng c t vo phn na trc ca boong tu
Khoang STL t vo khp khuyn xoay p lc cao. STL
c s dng nh b phn trung gian ca s nh v vvn chuyn du ti FPSO v FSU. Nhng tu cha thchhp vi h thng ny c th nh v ng hay bng chnvt thng thng nhng thit k phi c khoang STL.
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738 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Mt ct ca phao STL
8/3/2019 Chuong 24 Cac He Thong Thiet Bi Khai Thac Dau
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739 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Lin kt tu du vi STL
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740 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Nhng h thng chm (tt)
H thng neo bng xch ba chn (Tripod Catenary Mooring System TCMS): h thng ny c pht trin u tin dng kho st ging.Hin nay c ci tin v dng khai thc sm khi pht trin m cn binv c xem xt nh mt gii php nhiu tim nng. H thng neo gm c
b phn m neo ba chn. Tu cha ch i hi c nhng sa i ti thiuv hnh dng hng nghing ca ng dn lu v c gn kht vo phnmi ca tu cha. H thng neo ny c th s dng cho tu ch du conthoi hay cho tu cha xut du th (tu cha c b phn tho sau Stern
Discharge System SDS) H thng khai thc neo n (Single Anchor Production SAP) v h
thng cha ti neo n (Single Ancho Loading SAL): hai h thngny thch hp i vi s m rng nhng ging kho st, nhng giai onpht trin sm v cng dng h tr chu ti ngoi khi. Nguyn l bneo da trn sc ht ca m neo cng kt hp vi khp khuyn nhiu lp lc cao v khp khuyn dy neo. Khp khuyn dy neo chu hu htnhng lc t nhng dy neo v dy c ni ti tu cha thng qua phaoni.
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741 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng SAL
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742 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng SAP
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743 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng tch tr v khai thc b mt
Bao gm hai h thng chnh FPSO v FSU, l ch
cha m bo m cho vic khai thc lin tc trong
nhng iu kin thi tit phc tp v xut du.
Cc h thng ny s c xem xt chi tit phn Cc
loi tu ng dng trong khoan v khai thc du kh
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744 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Trang thit b x l
H thng thu gom
H thng tch
H thng x l v bn kh
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745 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng thu gom
Sn phm khai thc t nhiu ging c dn chung n cc thit bx l bng ng ng khai thc chnh
Mi ng ng khai thc chnh sau c vn chuyn ton b haymt phn sn phm n mt trong nhng seperation trains, l nhngb phn u tin ca h thng tch.
Mi ging khai thc c kim tra nh k (dn dng chy vo mt h
thng kim tra), do mi ging cng c ni vi mt ng ngkim tra.
Nu m gm nhng ging c dng chy p sut khc nhau, mtvi ging c th khng p sut chy vo cp u tin ca h
thng tch. Trong trng hp ny mt ng ng dn c p sutthp c cung cp cho nhng ging , bo qua bnh tch u tinhay bnh tch p sut cao v chy trc tip vo bnh tch hot ng p sut thp hn.
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746 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng thu gom (tt)
Cum phn dng c th c t ngm di bin hay t trn
gin khai thc
Vic phn dng y bin c u im l c cu hnh ng
bao n gin v lin quan n vic lp n gin mt khp
khuyn p sut cao
Vic phn dng trn b mt c u im l d dng tip cn
tt c cc van v ng ng hot ng v loi b c chi
ph ng k lin quan n th ln. Ti trng pha trn lin
quan n vic phn dng trn b mt l ng k cho h
thng khai thc bn tim thy
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747 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng tch
Mi ging c t l du-kh-nc khc nhau. Mt trong nhng
chc nng chnh ca h thng khai thc l tch cc cht lu t
ging thnh nhng pha ring. Vic tch ch yu da vo t trngca du-kh-nc
My tch phi c thit k lm gim ti thiu tc ng ca s
lc l, va p v nhi sng trong hot ng nh lp t cc mng
ngn, tm chn dng cong mt tip xc du/nc cc bnhtch
( )
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748 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng tch (tt)
Trong iu kin thi tit n ha, cc chuyn ng lc l c
khuynh hng gim ng k. Do , cc dch chuyn lc l l
vn c th khc phc c cho cc bnh tch ni
Cc nghin cu nh hng ca nhng dch chuyn ca cc tutrong hot ng ca cc thp chng ct cng c tin hnh
cho thy, trong khi gc nghing c tc ng bt li ln hiu qu
ca cc bnh, th nhng chuyn ng ngu nhin do bin s ch
c tc ng khng ng k nu c nhng iu chnh thch hp
cho cc khay bn trong
H thng x l v bn kh
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749 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng x l v bn kh
Cc kh ng hnh thng thng c t trn cc gin khai
thc. Tuy nhin, nhng kh ny c th c s dng:
Kh nhin liu cho my pht in
Bm p duy tr p sut va
Bn chng nu c ng ng dn vo t lin H thng kim sot v qun l ton b kh khai thc cn
c lp t
Cc tay uc thng thng c s dng trn gin c nh
cng nh cc gin bn tim thy.
T t h t d
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750 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Tu ct cha v rt du
Thit b cha ni
H thng ni khai thc tch cha rt
du (FPSO)
Thit b h i
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751 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Thit b cha ni
FSU l mt trong nhng cch bo v cc thit b
di y bin, nh h thng STL nm trong khoang
STL thn ca FSU Du th c bm bng ng ng ngm ti thit b
FSU khong cch t 1,5 n 2 km
Thit b FSU bm du th trc tip vo trong nhng
thng cha (Cargo Tanks) v khi gn hon thnh, tu
ch du ti tin hnh rt du ni tip s dng h
thng tho sau (SDS)
FSU khng c thit b x l trn boong, chtch tr
H thng FPSO
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752 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng FPSO
H thng ny c lp t mi hoc chuyn i t cc tu cha.neo FPSO vi y bin ngi ta dng neo chm, vic xut du thc thc hin bi c cu tho sau ti tu ch du.
Cu trc ca FPSO bao gm:
Khu vc x l trn boong gm cc bnh tch, thit b nn kh,uc t kh ng hnh, h thng thot kh v c cu bm pha cht
Khu vc nh v cc phng iu hnh Khu vc d ti ui tu gm cc ng rt du ni t khu vc
d ti sang tu ch du
Cc bn cha
H thng chn vt trc v sau tu Dy neo neo tu xung y bin
Cc ng bao mm khai thc
H thng FPSO
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753 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng FPSO
H thng FPSO lin kt vi neo STL
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754 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng FPSO lin kt vi neo STL
Cc loi tu ch du con thoi
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755 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cc loi tu ch du con thoi
Cc tu ch du con thoi c s dng vn chuyn du t ni
khai thc n cc v tr thu mua v ch bin.
Tu ch du phi c neo li an ton trong thi gian ch rt du
Tu ch du c th c neo v rt du trc tip hoc thng qua
h thng SDS vi FPSO.y l giai on rt quan trng trong ton
b hat ng ca tu ch du con thoi nn cn phi tm hiu svn hnh ca tu ch du khi lin kt vi cc thit b xut du khc
nhau:
Lin kt vi cc h thng ni neo n b mt
Lin kt vi cc h thng chm
Lin kt vi h thng tch tr khai thc b mt
Lin kt vi cc h thng ni neo n b mt
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756 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Lin kt vi cc h thng ni neo n b mt
Thng thng tu ch du tip cn h thng ni neo n b mt(ALP,SBM) theo hng gi hoc theo hng dng nc; ngtip cn ca tu theo hng gn nh thun nghch vi gc ca taycu dn lu (loading boom); thng xui dng tn hiu; ng mmxut du c neo b mt
Hng tip cn ca tu du b hn ch nu gp cc vt cn k cn(gin khai thc, gin khoan di ng hoc ng ng dn). Mt vigc tip cn l khng th thc hin c, tr khi u ca tay cudn lu c th xoay bi nhng lc c tc dng t bn ngoi, vicny phi c s gip ca cc tu h tr (support vessel)
B phn neo ca tu v h thng nh v bng cp hoc bng nh vng lc. Khi th neo, ng mm dn lu c ko bng ti lnboong tu ch du v c gn vi cm ng phn dng dn lu
Lin kt vi cc h thng chm
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757 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Lin kt vi cc h thng chm
Cc h thng chm bao gm 5 h thng:
H thng OLS: lin kt vi tu ch du con thoi, tu nh v bng
DP
H thng STL: lm trung gian nh v, vn chuyn du ti
FPSO v FSU. Tu ch du khng lin kt trc tip vi h thng
ny m qua h thng SDS ca FPSO v FSU
H thng TCMS: s dng lin kt trc tip tu ch du con
thoi hay lin kt vi tu cha
H thng SAP v SAL.
Lin kt vi h thng khai thc v tch tr b mt
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758 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Lin kt vi h thng khai thc v tch tr b mt
Bao gm hai h thng FSU v FPSO (tm gi chung
l tu cha). Tu ch du tip cn theo hng song
song vi h thng tu cha. Tu cha nm ngtrc tu ch du thng lc ca mi trng. S
b neo v mc ni thit b c thc hin c s gip
ca tu h tr. Cn phi s dng tu ch dunh v bng ng lc, nhm ngn nga kh nng tri
dt do sng v dng hi lu. Tu ch du lin kt
rt du vi tu cha thng qua h thng SDS.
H thng SDS
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H thng SDS
H thng SDS cung cp phng tin rt du qua tu ch du conthoi hay tu ch du thng mi, ph hp vi h thng cha ti ni(Blow loading system BLS) thng qua ng d ti (discharge hose)khi cc tu ch du c neo vi tu cha
SDS bao gm mt h thng neo v mt h thng vn chuyn c btr phn ui ca tu cha du. c khng gian cho h thngSDS v h thng neo th tu ch du cn c thm mt boong gin
c b tr pha trn boong chnh khi cn thit. n gin v hiuqu trong vic sa cha, bo tr trong qu trnh hot ng bnhthng ca SDS th cc thit b ng phi c b tr ngay phangoi ca tu
S phn loi SDS theo phng thc b tr ct gi cc ng d ti. Cba loi: SDS gung (Reel storage), SDS ngang (Horizontal storage chute), SDS ng ni t do (free floating hose)
H thng SDS trn tu
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760 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
H thng SDS trn tu
Cc dng SDS
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761 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
Cc dng SDS
SDS (rell, chute v freefloating)
Qu trnh rt du
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Q
SDS l mt h thng b ng khi rt du t tu chasang mt tu khc, tu ch du hon ton ch ngtrong vic lin kt/ngt lin kt v rt du. trong sut
qu trnh rt du th tu ch c neo vi tu cha Trong qu trnh rt du th ng d ti c treo t do
vo lin kt cu (ball joint) gung ng d ti
(discharge hosereel) v th ng d ti c th chuynng t do theo c phng ngang v dc nn trnhc moment un cho ng d ti. pha tu ch
cng vy, ng d ti c treo t do nn trnh ccc s mi mn do va chm
Qu trnh rt du (tt)
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763 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
( )
Qu trnh bnh thng khi kt ni vi tu ch du con thoi: Tu ch du tip cn tu cha khong cch khong 50 m. Mt ng dy c st bt u c chuyn t tu cha qua tu ch
du
ng dy u bc st v ng dy thng tin kt ni SDS. Sau ng dy thng tin c chuyn n tu ch du v kt ni vi thitb ti ca tu ch du
Thit b ti iu khin dy cp (Hawser Handling Winch) ca SDS nhdy cho n chui xch, trong khi tu ch du ko bng ti ko. Phnui ca ng dn c ni vo chui xch bng mt dy lng.
Thit b ti iu khin dy cp v gung ng (Hosereel) s nh dy cpv ng khong 40 m xung nc trc khi tu cha bt u ko dycp v ng ln. Ti ko ca tu ch (Traction Winch) tip tc ko dyv ng v pha minh trong khi thit b ti iu khin dy cp v gungng ca SDS iu khin s di chuyn ca dy v ng.
Khi ton b dy cp c ko th dy xch c kha vo tu ch du,tu ch du c neo an ton vo thit b SDS.
Lc ny ng d ti cng c gn kt vo ng v tr trn tu ch du.Qu trnh kt ni hon tt.
Qu trnh rt du (tt)
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764 PGS. TS. L Phc HoCng ngh khai thc du kh
( )
Qu trnh tho kt ni ca tu ch du vi SDS
Dy cp v ng c tho khi tu ch v c h
thp xung
Tu cha s dng thit b ti iu khin dy cp v
gung ng ko dy v ng v
ng d ti s c lm kh v lm sch bng kh tr