Chương 1 Tổng quan về logistics

TRNG CAO NG TI CHNH HI QUANKHOA KINH DOANH THNG MIMN HC LOGISTICS

MC TIU CHNGSV nm c khi nim logistics v vai tr ca logistics1SV bit phn loi logistics theo cc tiu chun2SV nm c cc hot ng c bn ca logistics343

Ni dung chng 1

1.1. KHI NIM LOGISTICSSau logistics c ng dng v trin khai trong thng mi ln u tin sau Chin tranh th gii th 2.Ngy nay logistics c chuyn mn ha v pht trin thnh mt ngnh dch v quan trng trong giao thng quc t.

1.1. KHI NIM LOGISTICSH thng logistics (logistics system): l s kt hp c 2 mt u vo (cung ng vt t) v u ra (cung ng sn phm)Phn phi vt cht (Physical distribution) hay cn gi l logistics u ra, bao gm cc hot ng: vn ti, phn phi, bo qun hng ha, tn kho, ng giQun tr dy chuyn cung ng (SCM): qun tr chui ni tip cc hot ng t ngi cung cp- n ngi SX- n khch hng tiu dng sn phmGiai on 1Giai on 2Giai on 3

1.1. KHI NIM LOGISTICSDi gc qun tr chui cung ng: Logistics l qu trnh ti u ha v v tr, lu tr v chu chuyn cc ti nguyn / yu t u vo t im xut pht u tin l nh cung cp, qua nh sn xut, ngi bn bun, bn l, n tay ngi tiu dng cui cng, thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t.

www.themegallery.comV TRLU TRVN CHUYNNgi tiu dngTI U HANGUN TI NGUYN/ YU T U VOQU TRNH

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1.1. KHI NIM LOGISTICSTheo Lin hp quc: Logistics l hot ng qun l qu trnh lu chuyn nguyn vt liu qua cc khu lu kho, sn xut ra sn phm cho ti tay ngi tiu dng theo yu cu ca khch hng.Theo hi ng qun tr logistics Hoa K: Logistics l qu trnh ln k hoch, thc hin v kim sot hiu qu, tit kim chi ph ca dng lu chuyn v lu tr nguyn vt liu, hng tn, thnh phm v cc thng tin lin quan t im xut x n im tiu th, nhm mc ch tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng.

1.1. KHI NIM LOGISTICSTM LILogistics l qu trnh ti u ha v v tr v thi gian, vn chuyn v d tr ngun ti nguyn t im u tin ca dy chuyn cung ng cho n tay ngi tiu dng cui cng, thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t.

Nguyn vt liuPh tngMy mc thit bBn thnh phmDch vQu trnh sn xutng giKho lu tr thnh phmBn bi chaTT phn phiKHCH HNGCC B PHN C BN CA LOGISTICSCUNG NGQUN L VT TPHN PHILOGISTICSVn tiThng tin

1.2. PHN LOI LOGISTICSwww.themegallery.com

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1.2.1. Phn loi theo cc hnh thc logisticsLogistics bn th ba (3 PL): ngi thay mt cho ch hng qun l v thc hin cc dch v logistics cho tng b phn chc nng.Logistics bn th t (4 PL): ngi hp nht, gn kt cc ngun lc, tim nng v c s vt cht khoa hc k thut ca mnh vi cc t chc khc thit k, xy dng v vn hnh cc gii php chui logistics.

1.2.2. Phn loi theo qu trnhLogistics u vo (Inbound logistics): hot ng m bo cung ng ti nguyn u vo cho qu trnh sn xut mt cch ti u v v tr, thi gian v chi ph.Logistics u ra (Outbound logistics): hot ng m bo cung cp thnh phm n tay ngi tiu dng mt cch ti u c v v tr, thi gian v chi ph.

1.2.3. Phn loi theo i tng hng ha Logistics hng tiu dng nhanh (FMCG logistics) Logistics ngnh t (automotive logistics) Logistics ha cht (chemical logistics) Logistics hng in t (electronics logistics) Logistics du kh (petroleum logistics)

1.3. Vai tr ca logisticsVAI TR I VI NN KINH TH tr cho lung chu chuyn cc giao dch kinh t. Khi dy chuyn logistics hot ng lin tc, nhp nhng th nn KT pht trin nhp nhng, ng bHiu qu hot ng logistics tc ng trc tip n kh nng hi nhp ca nn kinh t.Hot ng logistics hiu qu lm tng tnh cnh tranh ca quc gia trn trng quc t.

1.3. Vai tr ca logistics+ Logistics l cng c lin kt cc hot ng kinh t trong mt quc gia v ton cu qua vic cung cp nguyn liu, sn xut, lu thng phn phi, m rng th trng.

1.3. Vai tr ca logistics+ Logistics l mt hot ng tng hp mang tnh dy chuyn, hiu qu ca qu trnh ny c tm quan trng quyt nh n tnh cnh tranh ca ngnh cng nghip v thng mi mi quc gia. Nht v M logistics ng gp khong 10% GDP. i vi nhng nc km pht trin th t l ny c th hn 30%. Dch v logistics Vit Nam chim khong t 15-20% GDP. c tnh GDP nc ta nm 2009 khong 97 t USD.Nu ch tnh ring khu quan trng nht trong logistics l vn ti, chim t 40-60% chi ph th cng l mt th trng dch v khng l.

1.3. Vai tr ca logisticsLogistics gip gii quyt c u vo v u ra ca DN, gip gim chi ph, tng kh nng cnh tranh ca DNVai tr i vi doanh nghipLogistics gp phn gim chi ph bng vic tiu chun ha chng t, t c li th cnh tranh lu di v s khc bit ha v tp trungLogistics gp phn nng cao hiu qu qun l. DN ch ng trong vic chn ngun nguyn liu, sn xut, tm kim th trngLogistics h tr c lc cho hot ng marketing, c bit l marketing mix (4P).

1.4. Cc hot ng ca logistics1.4.1. Dch v khch hng1.4.2. H thng thng tin trong qun tr logistics1.4.3. Qun tr d tr1.4.4. Qun tr vt t1.4.5. Vn ti1.4.6. Kho bi1.4.7. Chi ph logistics v phn tch tng chi ph logistics

1.4.7. Chi ph logistics v phn tch tng chi ph logisticsChi phlogisticsDch v khch hngD trVn tiKho biSn xut, thu muaGii quyt n hng vH thng thng tin

Chi ph dch v khch hngChi ph dch v khch hng bao gm cc chi ph hon tt nhng yu cu ca n t hng ( phn loi, kim tra, bao b ng gi, dn nhn), chi ph cung cp dch v, ph tng, chi ph gii quyt tnh hung hng b tr liCn xc nh r cc loi dch v KH cn p ng, tnh ton, cn i cc khon chi ph, xc nh tng chi ph logistics nh nht cho tng dch v khch hng.

Chi ph vn tiChi ph vn ti chu s nh hng ca cc yu t: loi hng ha, quy m sn xut, tuyn ng vn ti t l nghch vi khi lng vn ti v t l thun vi qung ng vn chuyn.C 2 nhm yu t nh hng n chi ph vn ti: nhm cc yu t lin quan n sn phm v nhm cc yu t lin quan n th trng

Chi ph kho biChi ph qun l kho gm chi ph kho st, chn a im v xy dng kho.S kho hng cng nhiu th kh nng p ng cc dch v khch hng tt, lm cho doanh thu tng v ngc li.Cn phn tch, tnh ton cn bng gia chi ph qun l kho, chi ph d tr, chi ph vn ti vi khon doanh thu tng/gim tng ng khi quyt nh s lng kho hng cn trong logistics.

Chi ph sn xut thu muaBao gm rt nhiu khon chi ph: xy dng c s, lp t my mc, trang thit b, mua v tip nhn nguyn vt liuCc chi ph ny phi c phn tch, tnh ton trong tng th chi ph logistics, xt n mi lin quan gia cc chi ph vi nhau

Chi ph d trChi ph d tr tng gim ty theo s lng hng d tr nhiu hay t. Gm 4 loi ch yu: Chi ph vn hay chi ph c hi, cng ty c th thu hi li c Chi ph dch v d tr, gm bo him v thu nh trn lng d tr Chi ph mt bng kho bi, thay i theo mc d tr Chi ph phng nga ri ro, khi hng ha b mt cp, li thi

1.4.7. Chi ph logistics v phn tch tng chi ph logistics

Cu hi n tp chng 11 Mi quan h Marketing v Logistics3 Trong cc hat ng ca logistics, theo e hat ng no l quan trng? 2 Phn tch vai tr ca Logistics ti DN e quan tm.