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Trung tm Nghin cu v Pht trin H thng Nng nghip
Centre for Agrarian Systems Research & Development
a ch: km9 i l Thng Long - An Khnh - Hoi c - H Ni
Tel: 043 3650793 - Fax: 043 3650862 - Email: hethongnn@gmail,com
- Web: www,casrad,org,vn
PHT TRIN CHUI GI TR LA GO
BSCL v
THNG HIU GO VIT NAM
ng Thp, 12/09/2014
TS. o Th Anh
ThS. Hong Thanh Tng
ThS. Thi Vn Tnh
mailto:[email protected]://www.casrad.org.vn/
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BI CNH
Sn xut la ng bng sng Cu Long chim 53 % tng sn
lng la.
Din tch gieo trng: 4,1 triu ha, Sn lng: 24,6 triu tn
(tng ng 15,99 triu tn go); Nng sut bnh qun: 6,2
6,3 tn/ha (GSO, 2012)
ng bng SCL chim hn 90% trong tng s 8,01 triu tn go
xut khu - gi tr kim ngch 3,67 t USD
Gi xu hng gim, nng dn thu nhp thp v gi thuyt l do
thiu t chc SX, lin kt nng dn-doanh nghip yu km, thiu
qun tr cht lng trong chui gi tr v thiu thng hiu go
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S CHUI GI TR LA GO BSCL
III
III
Dch v u vo: Ging, Phn bn, thuc BVTV, Thy li, My mc
Ngi sn xut
Thng li
Nh my xay xt
Nh my lau bng/xut khu
Bn bun/bn l
Xut khu
Ngi tiu dng ni a
93%
3 %
4 %
13%
4%
11% 69%
69%13 %
11%
70 %15 %
30 %
Dch
v
tron
g
sn
xu
t
Dch
v
sau
thu
hoch
v
lu
thn
g
Ch
nh
sch
linq
uan
n
sn
xu
t
v
tiuth
l
ago
La Go lc Go thnh phm
-
c im h nng dn trng la BSCL
Quy m din tch: H nh 0,67 ha; h trung
bnh 1,42 ha; h ln 5,2 ha
Cc nhm h c xu hng thu t m
rng din tch (BQ 60% t thu) tn dng
li th theo quy m.
Nng sut bnh qun tng v chi ph gim
theo quy m, khong 3 ha c li
S dng ging thm ngn ngy tng (70%)
Thiu cc loi ging la cht lng cao
p ng nhu cu th trng trong nc
63% dng ging t lu gi
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Hot ng thng mi ca h nng dn trong chui gi tr
la go
% Phn tch
i tc tiu th
Thng li 93 Quan h lng lo tha thun theo th trng
thng qua mi gii (20 ng/kg) 55%
Nh my xay xt 2,8 Nh my gn a bn sn xut
Lau bng/Xut khu 4,2 Hp ng theo m hnh cnh ng mu ln
Khng c iu khon rng buc trong bn la
Hnh thc thanh ton
Thanh ton tm ng t khch hng 84,75 t cc 20 -25% tng s tin rng
buc
Thanh ton ti thi im giao hng 10,17 Mua t bn on
Thanh ton chm 5,08 Vn x hi: mi quan h gia nng dn v
khch hng
Chnh v: nng dn bn la ti (75%) b thiu cc phng tin sy
Thi im khc: nng dn bn la kh (100%)
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Hot ng ca thng li trong chui gi tr la go
c tnh % Nhn xt
i tc tiu th
Nh my xay xt 30 Bn la cho nh my xay xt
Nh my lau bng/xut khu 48Bn go lc cho lau bng/xut khu
(nh my xay xt thu 70 -90 /kg)
Bn bun/bn l 15
Bn go thnh phm cho bn bun/bn
l trong khu vc sn xut (nh my xay
xt thu 110 130/kg)
Hnh thc thanh ton
Khch hng tr trc c
cung cp la go39,62
Lin kt gia Thng li v nh my
xt c rng buc cht ch hn so vi
ND do quan h bn hng thng qua
nhiu ln trao i mua bn, (khng chp ng rng buc)
Tr ngay lc mua hng 0
Tr sau khi cung cp hng 60,38
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Hot ng ca ca nh my xay xt trong chui
% Nhn xt
Nh my xay xt truyn thng
Nh my lau bng/xut
khu13 Bn go lc thng qua tha thun
Bn bun/bn l 4Bn go thnh phm trc tip ti nh
my theo nhu cu ca bn bun bn l
Cung cp dch v xay xt 82Cung cp theo hnh thc dch v xay
xt cho thng li (70 110 ng/kg)
Nh my lau bng/xut khu
Xut khu 82Theo hp ng xut nhp khu
y thc xut khu
Bn bun/bn l 18 Ti khu vc tiu dng th
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Quan h thng mi ca ngi bn bun ni a trong
chui gi tr la go
C s quan h thng mi cht ch gia ngi bn bun v h thng
bn l truyn thng (84,05 % c ngi bn bun bn cho ngi bn l
truyn thng)
Bn l truyn thng (ch a phng, cc ca hng bn l nh khu vc
nng thn) v bn l hin i (cc ca hng cht lng cao, siu th) bn
go cho ngi tiu dng trc tip
4.95%
84.05%
0.90%
8.25% Bn bun khc
Bn l truyn thng
Bn cho bn l hin i
Trc tip cho ngi tiu dng
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S dng bao b nhn mc ti th trng la go trong nc
c im Bn bun
(%)
Bn l truyn
thng (%)
Bn l hin
i (%)
Hnh thc bn
Bn go ri km theo cung cp ti
nha ring
8,25 99,18 8,3
Bn go ng ti (bao ti hoc ti
nha tt)
91,75 2,2 91,7
Thng tin v sn phm khi ng ti
ng ti v khng c thng tin 59,84 99,18 0
ng ti vi thng tin nh my v
thng hiu
26,42 2,2 97,2
ng ti ch c thng tin v nh my 13,75 0 2,8
Hu ht cc sn phm bn ra ca bn l truyn thng khng c thng
tin v thng hiu
Bn l hin i rt cao vn thng tin xut x v thng hiu go
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Rice domestic value chains
Rice export value chains
So snh gi tr gia tng ca chui gi tr go ni a v xut khu
(1 kg go)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Farmers Traders Milling Polishing Wholesale Retail
Additional cost
Value added
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Farmers Traders Milling Polishing Exporter
Additional cost
Value added
-
100%
47%52%
22%27%
0
27%
48%
74% 68%
0
26%
0 4% 5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NM nh NM TB NM ln Lau bng/XK Bnh qun
Ging ngn ngy thm (%) Ging t thng (%) Ging trung ngy, a phng
(%)
C cu ging la c thu mua ti cc nh my xay xt
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Thiu cc loi ging xc nhn, cht lng cao
Cht lng phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt cha m bo
Cc dch v khuyn nng hn ch cha hng dn ND s dng tit
kim u vo
Thiu t chc nng dn (HTX, t hp tc)
Bin i kh hu c tc ng tiu cc n sn xut la
Xut khu ph thuc DN nh nc v th trng go ANLT cht
lng thp, doanh nghip nh nc t lin kt thc s vi nng dn
Doanh nghip t nhn iu tit chui cn t: thiu lin kt dc
qun l cht lng la go
Thiu nng lc sy v tm tr cp h nng dn, cng ngh ch
bin xay st mt s doanh nghip cn lc hu
Cc phng thc tn dng u t chui cha ph hp vi nhu cu
K nng marketing v thng tin th trng ca cc doanh nghip
xut khu cn yu
Thiu thng hiu go cng ng, doanh nghip v VN
Hn ch ch yu trong pht trin chui gi tr la go
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Thng hiu l Mt ci tn (ti sn phi vt cht) gn vi
mt sn phm hoc vi nh sn xut hay vng sn xut.
Cng l s ni ting v mt hnh nh c th (logo) i
vi ngi tiu dng
Thng hiu = du hiu trong nhn hiu hng ho +
hnh nh v hng ho trong tm tr ngi tiu dng.
Thng hiu = phn hn, Nhn hiu hng = phn xc.
Cn th ch gn cht ch ngi sn xut v ngi tiu
dng: Chui gi tr
Thng hiu nng sn l g?
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CC LOI THNG HIU DNG CHO HNG
NNG SN
1. Ch dn a l (bo h 41 nng sn, trong Tm xoan
Hi hu, Mt bi Hng dn, Nng nhen By ni)
2. Nhn hiu chng nhn
3. Nhn hiu tp th
4. Nhn thng mi cng bng
5. Nhn hu c/sinh thi/xanh
6. Nhn VitGAP/GlobalGAP
7. Nhn hiu ca doanh nghip (Nosavina)
8. Thng hiu vng (go ng Thp?, go BSCL?)
9. Thng hiu quc gia (go Vit nam?)
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Nng dn, HTX Doanh nghip
Cc c snt nhin
Sn phm
X hi
Th trng
1
2
4
3
La chn SP: TN th trng
TN sn xut
T mi trng
Cht lng ha SP Danh ting SP
CL cm quan
CL l ha
CL s dng (VSATTP)
ng k thng hiu
Thng mi ha SP Cc cng c qun l thng hiu
Nghin cu v th nghim th
trng cao cp
Xy dng knh hng bn vng
T chc ngi sn xut
Ti sn xut Tng thu nhp
Pht trin SX
Pht trin TT
Bo v mi trngTip cn PHT TRIN
thng hiu A PHNG
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S trung thnh ca khch hng vi thng
hiu/nhn hiu nng snM
c
t
run
g t
hn
h
Th
ng
hi
u
Mc 3
Mc 2
Mc 1 Hnh vi Hnh vi
Chc nng
Hnh vi
Chc nng
Xc cm
Mua v s dng
lp lia thch hn Ph hp vi
tnh cch, v th
Trung
thnh
theo thi
quen,
tnh tin
li, r
Trung
thnh v
tnh vt
tri v li
ch chc
nng
Trung
thnh v
tnh vt
tri v li
ch xc
cm
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Da trn s phong ph ca cc nhn hiu t
nhn, cng ng: Nng thm Ch o, Mt
bi Hng dn, Sc trng-ST,
C nng lc cung ng n nh v cht
lng v s lng ra th trng th gii v
trong nc
c bo h chnh thc cc th trng
chnh (c h thng kim sot chuyn nghip
to lng tin vi ngi tiu dng)
iu kin ca Thng hiu go Vit nam ?
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C cu th trng go cht lng bn ti th trng th
TP HCM
44%
21%
33%
2%
Ging ngn ngy thm
Ging t thng
Ging c sn a phng
Go c xut x t nc ngoi
-
Cc loi cht lng go xut khu ca Vit nam
0
27.97%
43.73%
12.02%
5.68%3.07%
6.63%
0.80%
0.11%
2011 (%)
Go cao cp
Go cp trung bnh
Go cp thp
Go tm
Go np
Go thm cc loi
Go
Cc loi go khc
0
34.32%
20.31%
17.23%
4.56%
6.49%
14.81%
1.61%
0.67%2013 (%)
Go cao cp
Go cp trung bnh
Go cp thp
Go tm
Go np
Go thm cc loi
Go
Cc loi go khc
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Source of raw data:Thailand rice exporters association, 2013
Th trng go cht lng quc t ca Thilan
40% ca tng gi tr xut khu
-
Th trng go cht lng chnh ca Thi lan
Percent
China
Hong Kong
Singapore
Malaysia
United States
CanadaMostly Broken
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Xc nh mc tiu XK khong 40 % go CL cao, gim go CL thp
Nghin cu th trng tim nng cho go c sn Vit nam (CDL)
Quy hoch c th vng trng ph hp vi cc ging cht lng
H tr nng dn thu mn, chuyn nhng rung t v t chc HTX,
t hp tc nhm tng quy m sn xut v cung cp dch v gi r
Khuyn nng gim s dng ha cht v phn ha hc (3G-3T, SRI)
C phn ha doanh nghip la go NN chi phi, XK theo c ch TT
Thc y hp tc nng dn doanh nghip t nhn qun l CL chui
Thc y t chc nng dn pht trin cc dch v ti a phng: my
sy, d tr (kho cha) my ko, my thu hoch
Sa i c ch ti chnh, tn dng chui gi tr ph hp vi cc tc nhn,
thu ht u t hin i ha chui gi tr go CLC
Gim u t cng v nghin cu k thut, tng nghin cu th trng,
c bit th trng trong nc t vn cho nng dn sn xut
u t xy dng cc vng SX go c sn v thng hiu go quc gia
Gii php pht trin bn vng chui gi tr v thng hiu
go VN Ti c cu chui la go
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Trung tm Nghin cu v Pht trin H thng Nng nghip
Centre for Agrarian Systems Research & Development
a ch: km9 i l Thng Long - An Khnh - Hoi c - H Ni
Tel: 043 3650793 - Fax: 043 3650862 - Email: hethongnn@gmail,com
- Web: www,casrad,org,vn
mailto:[email protected]://www.casrad.org.vn/