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Presented by

A.Soundarya

M.Mounika

S.Deeksha

P.Neha

M.Rajitha

Drinking Water

Water has always been an important and

life-sustaining drink to humans and is

essential to the survival of all known

organisms.

It is a crucial component

of metabolic processes and serves as

a solvent for many bodily solutes.

Water covers 71% of the Earth's

surface, and is vital for all known forms

of life.

Sanitation is hygienic means of promoting health

through prevention of human contact with hazards of

wastes.

Formulation and application of measures designed to

protect public health.

Sanitation is not a new concept in India. Since ancient

times, importance was attached to cleanliness and

resultantly, there evolved systems of sanitation and

drainage.

Sanitation

What if we drink unclean water and

improper sanitation?

Drinking water can become contaminated at the original water source, during treatment, or

during distribution to the home.

There are people who are dying horrific deaths due to limited or zero access to clean drinking

water.

Water supply and sanitation is a state responsibility under the Indian constitution.

Water Supply

Water quality is affected by both point and non-point sources of pollution.

Problems

Drinking water supply and sanitation in India continue to be inadequate, despite longstanding

efforts by the various levels of government and communities at improving coverage.

Poor sanitation, water and hygiene have many other serious repercussions.

Unprotected water sources can easily become contaminated and unfit for drinking.

Some of the women affected by the limited access to toilet facilities confess, the only solution

available is to ensure that their need to use a toilet is reduced as far as possible.

The lack of sanitation facilities compounds the trauma of displacement and loss.

For instance, in India a fact finding team found that there were only 22 toilets for 10,000 persons.

Present situation in India..

# Recent evidence indicates that India is heading towards a major sanitation crisis in the coming years.

# India cannot achieve real to safe water and sanitation.

# A direct link exists between water development if majority of its people live in unhealthy and unclean

surroundings due to lack of access, sanitation and, health and nutrition and human wellbeing.

The Government of India initiated in the year 1999 the Total Sanitation Campaign, a community-led

comprehensive program to ensure sanitation facilities in rural areas with broader goal to

eradicate the practice of open defecation.

Clearly the budget has been steadily rising over the years, barring 2003-2004 and 2009-2010.

Such regular funding without targets being met can be one reason there is a blame game of sorts

going on.

The dream was to achieve 100% sanitation coverage in 2012, but the target is revised to 2017.

Total Sanitation Campaign

Improving sanitation..

Safe excreta disposal must be a top priority for India.

Because open defecation has negative externalities, it is everybody’s problem, and requires

government action.

The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water has significant negative health impacts including :

Vomiting or diarrhea

A sick stomach

Skin rashes

Cancer (Some kinds of cancer, like leukemia, can happen after drinking bad water for a long

period of time)

Reproductive problems (Some kinds of reproductive problems, like infertility, can happen

after drinking polluted water for a long period of time)

Developmental problems (Some kinds of learning disabilities can happen after drinking dirty

water for a long period of time)

It even causes infections in the bladder.

Steps to follow

Prior to planning water supply and sanitation projects

Adopt Appropriate Technologies and Delivery Systems

Inform and Educate Poor Communities

Empower the Poor to Act within and beyond Their Own Communities

Strengthen Capacity, Autonomy, and Accountability of Service Providers and Provide Incentives

to Serve the Poor

Protect Water Resources

Open defecation should be strictly prohibited.

Construction permissions should be given only to the people who have proper sanitation facility

in their houses.

Strict laws should be made on digging limited bore wells .

Provide for protection of groundwater sources.

Provide for public notification when drinking water standards are violated.

Conclusion

Improvements in the planning and delivery of services are essential to promote more efficient use

of water resources, but must be complemented by an effective framework for overall water

resources management.

Supporting small –scale enterpreneurs.

In any sanitation program, technologies may be identified as appropriate but if application does

not involve information, training of community members and mobilization, the project will be a

failure.

It is possible only when they understand the consequences of the unsanitary conditions they

have that they will be willing to change their habits

It is estimated that by 2020 India will become a water stressed nation, so government should take

proper measures in providing clean drinking water .

Bibliography

www.google.com

www.encyclopedia.org

www.healthissues.com

Thank you