Christianity Islam Judaism · Hinduism Caste System •The caste system is a system of social organization in India. •When a person is born they are born into one of four castes

Christianity Islam Judaism

Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism

Religion

an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a God(s)

Types of Religions

1. Monotheistic religions believe in one god.

2. Polytheistic religions believe in many gods.

-Fill in definitions for religion, mono and poly in your comp. book.

Religions of the World

What do you notice about this graph? What religions

have the most followers?

Religions of the World

Religions of the World

Red = Christianity, Green = Islam

Why do you think this map shows only 2 religions?

Religions of the World

Religion Followers

Christianity 1.9 billion

Islam 1.1 billion

Hinduism 781 million

Buddhism 324 million

Sikhism 19 million

Judaism 14 million

Do these numbers surprise

you? Why or why not?

Click pic for

Brainpop

MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS

Monotheism= belief that there is only one god

3 Monotheistic Religions

1. Judaism (2000 BCE/BC)

2. Christianity (26-36 CE/AD)

3. Islam (610 CE/AD)

Judaism• Monotheistic - There is one God

• 2000 BCE/BC

• Founder: Abraham- is the ‘father’ of the Jewish people.

• Name of God: Yahweh

• Founded in: Israel

• Holy Book = Torah

• Followers: Jews

• Basic Beliefs:

• They are God’s “Chosen People”

• God revealed his laws to his people through Moses and the Ten Commandments.

Video Clip

Write these notes…

Judaism

• Holy Book = Torah

• God= Yahweh

• The father is Abraham and Jesus was a prophet

• Sabbath= Saturday (rest, study, feast, worship)

• Place of Worship: Synagogue or Temple

Judaism Symbol- Star of David

Judaism Holy Book- Torah

Western Wall

The Western Wall is

located in the Old City

of Jerusalem

Construction started:

19 BC

Height: 62' (19 m)

https://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=HyEaAcPGAhA

Christianity• Christianity was heavily influenced by

Judaism.

Monotheistic - There is one God

• Around 30 AD/CE

• in Jerusalem

• Founder: Jesus Christ (son of God) died for the sins of humankind.

• Name of God: God (The Trinity: Father, Son, Holy Spirit)

• Holy Book = Bible

• Followers: Christians

• Basic Beliefs:1. Jesus Christ (son of God) died for the sins of humankind.

2. Salvation comes from faith in God.

Christianity

Christians

People who follow Christianity are called Christians.

Although there are many different types of Christians, they all believe in Jesus Christ.

Symbols

• The main symbol of Christianity is the cross or crucifix, it reminds Christians that Jesus died for them by being hung on the cross.

• Christians have lots of symbols. Candles represent the light that Jesus brings to the world.

• Water represents cleanliness, washing away sins, and new beginnings.

Christianity Symbol- Cross

Holy Days/Festivals

• Christians celebrate many festivals and holy days each year.

• The most exciting are Christmas and Easter.

• Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus and Easter celebrates the time when he rose from the dead.

Christianity Holy Book- Bible

• Christians believe the Old and New Testaments of the Bible are holy books. The first four books of the New Testament were written by followers of Jesus.

Write these notes…

Christianity

• Holy Book= Bible

• Believe Jesus is the son of God and was sent to save mankind

• Sunday is their Sabbath (day of rest and worship)

Islam• Islam is a monotheistic religion

Monotheistic - There is one God named Allah

• 610 CE/AD in a city named Mecca

• Founder: Muhammed

• Name of God: Allah

• Holy Book = Koran

• Followers: Muslims

• Basic Beliefs:1. Five Pillars of Faith

Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammed.

Video Clip

Islam

Islam 5 Pillars of Faith

The Five Pillars or central teachings of Islam are:

1. A statement of faith

2. Prayer (five times a day in the direction of

Mecca)

3. Charity

4. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (called the Hajj)

5. Fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

Islam Holy Book- Qur'an (Koran)

• The teachings of Muhammed were collected into a book called the Qur’an (Koran).

Islam Place of Worship- Mosques.

Islam Symbol-Crescent and Star

Dome of the Rock

Mecca

Notes Page

Islam

• Holy Book = Quaran

• Mecca is their spiritual capital (expected to go there at least once in their life)

• They have 5 pillars (rules) & pray 5 times a day

Video Clip

• Monotheistic Religions

POLYTHEISTIC RELIGIONS

2 Polytheistic Religions

1. Hinduism

2. Buddhism

3. Confucianism

Hinduism• Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the

world.

• It is a polytheistic religion

• Originated in South Asia, present day India, around 2500 B.C.E.

• Video Clip

Hinduism

• Brahman- refers to a supreme spirit.

▫ Atman- is the spirit or soul of a person

Hindus believe that the goal of life is to reach nirvana.

• Nirvana - a state of perfect happiness; an ideal or idyllic place.

Hindus believe in reincarnation and karma.

▫ A person dies, then lives again, until they finally reach nirvana.

▫ Karma-a person's actions in this life is viewed as deciding their fate in future lives.

Hinduism Holy Books-

Several holy books called

1. Vedas

2. Upanishads

3. The epics the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

Hinduism Caste System

• The caste system is a system of social organization in India.

• When a person is born they are born into one of four castes or as an Untouchable

• This system has led to discrimination and has been outlawed in India. Hindus still debate whether the caste system is part of Hinduism or an outdated social custom.

Hinduism Caste System1. Brahmans: Teachers and

priests.

2. Kshatriyas: Warriors, nobles, and kings.

3. Vaishyas: Farmers, merchants, and businessmen.

4. Shudras: Servants and laborers.

5. The Untouchables The Untouchables

Notes Page- Write ALL words I wrote, in Hinduism

box on your notes sheet

Hinduism

• Began in India, some say it is world’s oldest polytheistic religion

• Have 4 life goals (basically to live positively)

• Reincarnation and Karma

Buddhism

• Buddhism is related to Hinduism and shares many of the same basic beliefs.

• Buddhism was founded by a man named Siddhartha who was born as a prince.

• The relationship between Buddhism and Hinduism is similar to the relationship between Christianity and Judaism.

• Video Clip

Eight Fold Path

Buddhist must

follow the 8 fold

path to reach

nirvana

Buddhism

Notes Page

Buddhism

• Started by Siddhartha Guatama (aka Buddha)

• Live by the 4 Noble Truths (eliminate desire = no more suffering)

• The way to a good life is by living the 8 fold path

Confucius• Born in 551 B.C.

• died in 479 B.C.

Confucianism

• Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order

▫ What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order?

• a system of social and ethical philosophy

▫ “only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

Confucianism

• Li

▫ rituals, norms, institutions, or traditions

▫ the outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism

• Ren

▫ humaneness, love, kindness, compassion, or virtue

▫ the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

Li

• Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner

• performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role

• universal harmony

• no need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

Ren

• Relationship between "two persons”

• extension of filial piety to all human beings

• each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties

▫ reciprocity or mutual responsibility

Five relationships

• father-child

• ruler-subject

• husband-wife

• elder brother-younger brother

• friend-friend

Confucianism

• Persecuted in Qin Dynasty

▫ 221 B.C. - 206 B.C.

• promoted by later rulers

In today’s China

Video Clip

• 5 World Religions