Sujit Dey B.Sc, MT U.S. Embassy-Dhaka Bangladesh
Sujit Dey B.Sc, MTU.S. Embassy-DhakaBangladesh
One of the Youngest VictimsOne of the Youngest Victims
CauseCause*Bacterium Vibrio
cholerae*This bacteria
produces enterotoxin
known as cholera toxin
Biochemical PropertiesBiochemical Properties
• Gram –negative bacteria• Straight or curved rods• Fermentative and oxidative in
metabolism• Oxidase positive
PathogenesisPathogenesisTransmitted by the fecal-oral route(Specially Contaminated Water)
Adheres and colonizes to the small bowel
Secretes the cholerae enterotoxin (CT)
SymptomsSymptoms
• Massive Watery Diarrhea • Muscle and Stomach Cramp• Vomiting• FeverLater Stage Symptom:* Rice Water Stool
DiagnosisDiagnosis• Rice Water Stool (Severe watery
diarrhea)
• Dehydration
• Shock
• Loss of urine production
A wet mount of liquid stool can be examined microscopically using “Dark Field Condenser”
Cholera Bacteria will look like shooting stars
Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis
““Dark Field Condenser”Dark Field Condenser”
Stool CultureStool CultureUsed TTGA (Taurocholate Tellurite
Gelatin Agar) plates for growth of Vibrio
A MacConkey and SS plate is used for the growth of other organism-if present
Dept. of MicrobiologyDept. of Microbiology
When TTGA PositiveWhen TTGA Positive
Confirmed by testing with
Cholera Antisera
Cholera Cholera SerotypesSerotypes
Ogawa InabaHikozima(Not found
in Bangladesh)
Ogawa biotype
EltorClassical
(Not found inBangladesh)
SensitivitySensitivityNotice the DifferenceNotice the Difference
Ogawa: Tetracycline ResistantOgawa: Tetracycline Resistant Inaba: Tetracycline Sensitive Inaba: Tetracycline Sensitive
(Sensitivity or resistance is not 100%, there is some (Sensitivity or resistance is not 100%, there is some variations)variations)
Global ScaleGlobal Scale
TreatmentTreatment• Essentially
replacing the lost fluid and electrolytes
• Antibiotics
ICDDR,B TreatmentICDDR,B Treatment
TreatmentTreatment
PreventionPrevention• Ensuring personal
Hygiene• Treated Water
(Boiling and other treatment)
• Hand Washing is important
PreventionPrevention
• Vaccination if available
Thank YouThank You