Chloe Martin - Presentation

‘Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?’ By Linda Nochlin, 1971

Chloe Martin. Critical Studies Presentation

1971

• Many art movements were in process in the 1960’s, for example pop art and minimalism.

• A resurgence of feminism had started in the 1960’s and continued into the 1970’s.

• Despite writing the essay in 1971, Nochlin concentrates on the times of the ‘Great artists’ and the ‘feminist gaze’.

• The reason for this is because the deep rooted cause of why there were no great women artists starts at the very beginning of art history.

• I think that the context of the time it was written is relevant because there was still a struggle for women’s rights at this time.

Linda Nochlin

• Nochlin was 40 years old when

she wrote the essay.• Successful art historian.• In 1969 was introduced to some

Women’s liberation journals which

she claimed ‘transformed her into an

active feminist almost overnight.’ • Nochlin co-wrote a book about

female artists (Women Artists: 1550

to 1950), which became a standard

reference for feminist art history.

What is the text proposing? Key Points?

The overall idea which Nochlin proposes with this essay, is that the question; ‘Why have there been no great women artists?’ is simply the ‘top tenth of an iceberg of misinterpretation and misconception.’

-Nochlin proposes a number of key answers to the question ‘Why have there been no great women artists?’

1. The white western male viewpoint is inadequate.

2. Women had previously been attempting to confront the male elitist view of art, in the wrong ways.

3. The fault of women’s ‘underachievement’ in the arts lies in the institution and education.

4. Discrimination.

5. Pschological Development. (Innate genius/talent)

1.• The white western male viewpoint is inadequate.

• Our view of historical situations has been distorted,

through the eyes of the white male, who’s views

dominated art history. In order to achieve a more

sufficient view this must be corrected.

• The myth of the ‘Great Artist’ suggests that bearing

within a man since his birth is a god given genius.

• Nochlin states that no contemporary art historian still believes these obviously ‘mythological and fairy tale ideas,’ however they are still the components which form the unconscious and unquestioned assumptions of scholars and art historians.

1950’s

2.• The majority of feminists had previously attempted

to make people knowledgeable of women's achievements.

• They would almost always receive negative responses.

• Nochlin explains that this negative response is because

they have failed to tackle the deep rooted initial problem,

which is to address the question ‘Why Have There Been

No Great Women Artists?’

• Nochlin says that, men are reluctant to give up

this natural order in which they are subjecting

women to inequality and women must view

themselves as ‘potentially, if not actually,

equal subjects.’ Which in 1971, she didn’t

believe that they did.

3.• The fault of women’s ‘underachievement’ in the arts lies in the institution and

education.

• Women were deprived of an artists education.

• A period of prolonged study of the nude model was essential to the training of every young artist and was generally accepted as the highest category of art.

• There was a complete unavailability of nude models for aspiring women artists.

• Nochlin compares this with the example of a medical student being denied the opportunity to examine the human body.

• As late as 1893, female artists weren’t allowed to attend life drawing at the Royal Academy in London and even then the model had to be partially covered.

Classes at Glasgow School of Art in 1990. A mixed male and female life drawing class.

4.• Obvious discrimination.

• This discrimination did not only effect women, but any other

minority group who were excluded or considered to be less

worthy than the optimum white male.

‘There were no women equivalents to Rembrant or Cezanne, any more than there are black American equivalents for the same.’

• ‘It was alright for a low woman to reveal herself naked as an object for a group of men.’

• But forbidden to a woman to participate in the active study and recording of a naked man as an object.’

• The women who wanted to be given the chance to do life drawing were suspected of doubtful morals.

• Women were expected to perform their social and domestic duties and any other commitment, for example, devoting their life to art, was seen and selfishness and egomania.

5.• Investigations of child development.

• Abilities or said ‘intelligence’ are built up step by step, from infancy onwards.

• These abilities may be established so early on that they appear to be innate talents to the unsophisticated observer.

• A large part of the explanation of the Great Artists such as Michelangelo and Da Vinci was validated by declaring that their individual genius was innate, resulting in older art historians views being seen as invalid.

• In fact, these artistic masters would have had intense training and built up their skills through their artistic education.

• This question of validity adds weight to the argument treatment of women in the arts was wrong.

Personal Relevance.I chose this text because it is one of the most significant pieces of feminist

writing and it cleverly interrogates the mindset of art historians up to this

point in 1971.

It has been really interesting to read such a detailed, academic piece of

writing which takes away any question of the ability of a woman as an artist.

There is much less of a stereotype against women in art in more recent

times however there are still those who believe that women will never

be as good as men. Also the western male viewpoint has been so strongly

engrained into artist culture I feel that it will effect me as an artist at some

point in my life and career. So it is important to understand

the past and the ignorance women have had to endure.

June leaf

Jenny Saville

Nicola Hicks

Related Articles

Will women artists ever get the respect they deserve? Once again, men outnumber women on the Art Review's Power 100 list - further proof, if you need it, of the lack of equality in the art world - Laura Allsop, theguardian.com, Tuesday 14 October 2008

What’s the biggest problem with women artists? None of them can actually paint, says Georg Baselitz – Nick Clark, The Independent, Wednesday 06 February 2013

http://www.slideshare.net/mrsnazlan/week-7-childrens-artistic-development-14779543 - child artistic development, Viktor Lowenfeld – Slideshow about child development of artistic skill.

Bibliography• http://www.artsconnected.org/collection/118487/art-in-the-1960s • http://www.artnews.com/2003/03/01/who-are-the-great-women-artists/ • http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/nochlinl.htm • http://blogs.howstuffworks.com/2010/09/15/25-contemporary-women-artists-you-oughta-know/• http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015066418545;view=1up;seq=6