Nervous system Chapter 12 Chista Tatar Professor Abdullah
May 31, 2015
Nervous system Chapter 12 Chista Tatar Professor Abdullah
-Plegia (PLEE-jee-ah)
� Suffix meaning paralysis or a stroke
� From the Greek plege meaning a blow or stroke.
� cardioplegia (paralysis of the heart) � hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the
body � quadriplegia (paralysis of all four
extremities) � paraplegia (paralysis of the legs)
Hemiplegia
� Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one side of the body.
� From hemi- (half) + plege (a blow, stroke).
� Total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.
� may be congenital or acquired from an illness or stroke.
Hemiplegia continued
� Hemiplegia is a common medical disorder.
� In elderly individuals, strokes are the most common cause of hemiplegia.
� In children, the majority of cases of hemiplegia have no identifiable cause and occur with a frequency of about one in every thousand births.
� Majority of cases of hemiplegia that occur up to the age of two should be considered to be cerebral palsy until proven otherwise.
Hemiplegia Causes
� Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) � Thrombosis, Embolism or hemorrhage
� Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) � Migraine syndrome � Head Trauma
� Brain Contusion � Subdural Hematoma � Epidural hematoma
Hemiplegia Causes 2
� Todd's Paralysis � Diabetes Mellitus � Brain Tumor (Primary or metastatic disease) � Infection
� Brain abscess � Encephalitis � Subdural empyema � Meningitis
Hemiplegia Causes 3
� Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma � Vasculitis � Demyelinating disease
� Multiple Sclerosis � Acute necrotizing myelitis
� Hereditary disease � Leukodystrophies
� Congenital or perinatal injury
Treatment
� Drugs
� Surgery
� Rehabilitation
-algesia (al-JEE-zee-ah)
� from the Greek word algesis, the sensitivity to pain.
� Analgesics, most commonly known as painkillers, are used to reduce the feeling of pain.
� The term is sometimes used to refer to hyperalgesia (an extreme sensitivity).
Analgesia
� The absence of the sense of pain while remaining conscious.
Analgesics
� Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems; they include paracetamol (para-acetylaminophenol, also known in the US as acetaminophen), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and opium. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation.
Popular Analgesics
� Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
� Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
� Aleve (naproxen)
� Advil (Ibuprofen)
Bibliography
� World Health Organization
� Fpnotebook.com
� Webster’s Dictionary